Annex 1 - Terms of reference for consultation in women's studies
Annex 2 - Itinerary of second mission: 8 - 25 March 1995
Annex 4 - Diplomas granted by the faculty of forestry, University of Khartoum 1979-94
Annex 5 - Break-even analysis of improved metal stove
Under the overall supervision of the Director, Forestry Operations, the direct guidance of designated technical support and project operations officers at FAO Headquarters, the immediate supervision of the Chief Technical Advisor and in collaboration with the Community Forestry Officer and the Forests National Corporation (FNC), the consultant will:
- Review the present programs in Khartoum, Northern, Darfur and Kordofan States pertaining to the participation of women in forestry extension activities, including establishment of community woodlots, compound tree planting, establishment and management of nurseries, and adoption of improved stoves.
- Examine the content of the extension messages oriented to women, with a view to increasing their participation in forestry activities.
- Identify and assess the various strategies that may be adopted in enhancing women's participation.
- Assess the historical development of women's involvement in forestry and recommend further measures that may be adopted to standardize women's participatory methodology over the whole country and to facilitate the involvement of women in forestry activities.
- Prepare a short progress report after the first mission.
- After the second mission, prepare a report including findings and recommendations which should be discussed and cleared with the government authorities concerned before departure from the country; the consultant will then present the report to FAO Headquarters within one month of leaving the country, and will amend it in the light of comments received.
Duration: |
6 weeks in two missions of 3 weeks |
EOD: |
2 December 1994 (second mission in early 1995) |
Duty Station: |
Khartoum with extensive field travel |
Language: |
English |
8-9.3.95 |
Travel to Khartoum |
10.3.95 |
Document review |
11.3.95 |
Meeting and programming of consultation with Mr. Leontios Leontiades, Chief Technical Advisor; Mr. Mohamed El Aichouni, Community Forestry Extension Officer and Ms. Hungxiou Yang, Biomass Energy Expert, FDES project; Mrs. Dorothy Hamada, Chief Technical Advisor, Women in Agricultural Development (GCP/SUD/050/NET) |
Meeting with Professor Palmina Khristova, Head, Department of Forest Products and Industries; Forestry Faculty, Shambat University | |
Meeting at Ahfad University for Women, School of Rural Extension, Education and Development: Ms. Hawaida El Sheikh Eltayeb, Animal Production Teaching Assistant; Ms. Amna Elamin Elshafie, Lecturer in Rural Economy | |
12.3.95 |
Meeting with Mr. Gorashi, FNC Deputy Director; Mr. Mohammed Amin, FNC Director for Khartoum State |
Meeting with Mr. Nagm Eldin Abu Bakr, Program Officer, UNDP | |
Monthly meeting of Advisory Committee of Women in Agricultural Development, Ministry of Agriculture | |
13.3.95 |
Roundtable discussion with Faculty of Forestry, Shambat University: Department of Forest Products - Professor Khristova, Dr. Omer Said Musa; Department of Silviculture- Dr. Mohamed El Nour, Head; Dr. Kamal Fadl Elseed Elkhalifa; Dr. Khalid Amir Osman (Agroforestry and Tree Physiology); Mr. El Amin Sanjak Mohamed (Community Forestry), Teaching Assistant; Mr. Khalid A. Hussein (Eco-genetics), Teaching Assistant; Mr. Iman Mustafa Adawi (Community Forestry), MSc Candidate; Department of Forestry Management - Dr. Elnur Abdalla El Siddig, Management - Dr. Elnur Abdalla El Siddig, Head |
Travel to Shendi; discussion with Ms. Shadia Elamin Abbas, Forestry Extension Coordinator, Community Forestry Project (SOS Sahel) and women's extension staff | |
14.3.95 |
Field visits to women's groups and home nurseries in Tragma El Ghaba and discussion with village extension agents in Bagrawiya |
Travel to Ad Damer; discussion with Mr. Abdelrahim Ahmed, Training and Extension Coordinator, UNSO project | |
15.3.95 |
Discussion with Mr. Rahamtalla Margan, FNC Deputy Director; Mr. Abdelrahim Ahmed; Ms. Igbal Ahmed, Sociologist, UNSO project; Ms. Zeinab Sieliman, Extension Agent, UNSO project; Mr. Osman El Mak, FNC Deputy Director for Community Forestry |
Presentation to Mr. Ahmed Mohmed Elas, Minister of Agriculture, River Nile State | |
Field visit to windbreak, community nursery and women's group | |
Meeting with Mr. Mutasim H. Farah, Deputy Project Manager, Agricultural Development Scheme in Lower Atbara; Mr. Peter Humphreys, Project Management Advisor; Mr. Mohamed Ali El Hassan, Development Assistant, ADS | |
Field visit to Alhoodi and meeting with Village Development and sanduk committees; sewing, handicrafts and goat restocking sub-projects (ADS) | |
16.3.95 |
Travel to Merawi, Community Forestry Project (SOS Sahel); travel to Rekabia, meeting with Mr. Mawalla Elfaib Mohammed, Forester; Ms. Fatima Abass, Extension Agent; Ms. Magbala Hassah, Extension Agent; Ms. Nadia Ali, Extension Agent; Ms. Ekram Mohamed Saeed, Extension Coordinator |
17.3.95 |
Visit to home nursery and improved woodstoves in Rekabia |
Travel to Arge; visit to private, mechanized farm; | |
Travel to Ed Dabba; meeting with Mr. Mohamed Habib, FNC Director, Northern State; Mr. Gafar Awad Alla Mahgoub, National Deputy Director of the Afforestation and Reforestation Project (UNSO) and Assistant Director, FNC, Northern State; Mr. Mohamed Abdel Mahmoud Ibrahim, Project Manager, Northern Province Community Forestry Project (SOS Sahel) | |
18.3.95 |
Discussion with Mr. Gafar(UNSO) and Mr. Mohamed (SOS Sahel); market survey of forest products; return to Khartoum |
19.3.95 |
Meeting with Mr. Mohamed El Amin, FNC Director, Khartoum State; Ms. Fatima Shoeib Hussein, Bio-diversity Officer; Ms. Insaf Mohamad Ahmad Gorafi, Forest Extensionist, FNC, Khartoum Province; Ms. Hana Hamadalla Mohamed, Forest Extensionist, FNC, Omdurman Province |
Visit to CARE improved stove workshop, Khartoum | |
Field visit to private farm of Dr. Sitanna Ahmed M. Ali, Soba; Tree seedling merchant, Murada Street; market survey of forest products, Omdurman suq | |
Document review | |
20.3.95 |
Discussion with Ms. Hamada and Ms. Yang; with Fatima Shoeib; with Mr. Leontiades; preparation of first draft of report |
21.3.95 |
Report preparation |
22.3.95 |
Submission of first draft of final report to FNC and project officials |
23.3.95 |
Research at CARE headquarters |
24.3.95 |
Market survey: Omdurman suq |
25.3.95 |
Meeting with Mr. Gorashi, Ms. Amira Awad M. Salih, Planning and Administration, FNC; Mr. Leontiades |
Draft corrections | |
26.3.95 |
Departure from Khartoum for debriefing in Rome |
Sudan States
Year |
Female |
% |
Male |
Total no. |
1979 |
- |
0 |
20 |
20 |
1980 |
2 |
12% |
15 |
17 |
1981 |
4 |
21% |
15 |
19 |
1982 |
- |
0% |
16 |
16 |
1983 |
2 |
17% |
12 |
14 |
1984 |
6 |
27% |
16 |
22 |
1985 |
3 |
17% |
15 |
18 |
1986 |
- |
- |
- |
frozen |
1987 |
9 |
50% |
9 |
18 |
1988 |
7 |
41% |
10 |
17 |
1989 |
9 |
45% |
11 |
20 |
1990 |
20 |
51% |
19 |
39 |
1992 |
9 |
82% |
12 |
18 |
1993 |
9 |
50% |
2 |
11 |
1994 |
4 |
27% |
11 |
15 |
Total: 1979-1994 |
84 |
32% |
180 |
264 |
Source: University enrollment records
Break-even analysis for production of the original El Sarour stove (which is what is being produced and sold in Khartoum at present at the CARE- sponsored workshop) was based on the metalworker's estimates of his costs. He stated that he sold about 5 stoves a week, well under what he needs to do to break even.
SELLING PRICE:
Large El Sarour stove |
= |
1200 £S |
Small El Sarour stove |
= |
900 £S |
Traditional Metal bread oven |
= |
7000 £S |
TOTAL FIXED COSTS:
for either stove or oven:
First year: |
||
Rent on workshop |
12,000 £S | |
Tools (life-span of 3 years) |
18,800 £S | |
Total |
30,800 £S | |
Subsequent 2 years: |
12,000 £S | |
VARIABLE COSTS PER UNIT:
large stove |
oven | |
Labor (wages for 2 hours work27) |
275 £S |
750 £S (6 hours) |
Clay liner |
350 £S |
- |
Raw materials |
500 £S |
4000 £S |
Transport of raw materials |
50 £S |
75 £S |
Total |
1175 £S |
4825 £S |
Break-even point = |
|
|
Break-even point during second and third years = |
|
|
27 This hourly rate works out to @ 22,500 £S a month, which was thought to be typical for an industrious metalworker.
The contribution margin on the improved stove (25 £S) is only a fraction of what the metalworker can earn on a bread oven (2175 £S).
A flow chart of stove programme development
Araya, Zerai et al., "Report of the In-Depth Terminal Evaluation Mission", Restocking the Gum Belt for Desertification Control in Darfur: the Sudan, UNSO, 1994.
"Afforestation in Northern Region, Sudan", Project Document, UNSO/SUD/85/X01, September, 1985.
"Afforestation and Reforestation in the Northern State of the Sudan: Project Performance and Evaluation Report", UNSO/SUD/85/X01, March 1993.
"Afforestation and Reforestation in the Northern State of the Sudan: Final Report", UNSO/SUD/85/X01, May 1993.
"Final Report on Needs Assessment for Women's Participation in Forestry Activities in 10 villages in the Northern State," National Population Committee, SOS Sahel - Sudan, May 1993.
"Forestry Development in Sudan", Project Document, GCP/SUD/047/NET, April 1992.,
"Forestry Development in Sudan", Annual Workplan 1994, January 1994.
Furfey, Rosemary and Aisha Adam Sidi Osheik, "A Case Study of Women's Participation in the SOS Sahel Community Forestry Project", Shendi, Nile Province, Sudan, draft, February 1988.
Gaafar El Faki Ali, "Final Evaluation of CARE International's Fuel Efficient Stove Project", draft, Khartoum, April 1994.
A Gender-Disaggregated Data Base on Human Resources in Agriculture, FAO, Rome, 1993.
Hussein, Fatima Shoeib, "Final Report: 22 June 1992 - 22 June 1993 on Women's Extension Activities: UNDP/UNSO/FAO Project - UNO/SUD/011/NSO, Restocking Gumbelt for Desertification Control in Darfur", El Fasher, June 1993.
Joseph, Stephen, "Guidelines for Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating Cookstove Programmes", Community Field Forestry Manual no. 1, FAO, Rome, 1990.
Munro, Miranda, "Community-based Extension: A Gender Responsive Strategy: two visits to Sudan", Bank's World (Washington, D.C.) Vol. 14, No. 1, January 1995.
Nair, C.T.S, Asha Adam Sidi, and Saeed Shami, "Community Woodlots in the Sudan: the Gash Delta Experience", Fuelwood Development for Energy in Sudan Project, Field Document No. 42, August 1992.
Paddon, A.R. and Kamal Mohamed Osman Satti, "Charcoal and Stove Workshop", Fuelwood Development for Energy in Sudan Project, March 1986.
Paddon, A.R. and Kamal Mohamed Osman Satti, "An Improved Charcoal Stove for Sudan", Fuelwood Development for Energy in Sudan Project, Field Document No. 17, June 1986.
Paddon, A.R, "A Survey of Domestic Cooking Practices in Khartoum", Fuelwood Development for Energy in Sudan, Field Document No. 28, October 1987.
Paddon A.R. and Salman Doka Mohammed Ali, "Cookstoves in Sudan: A Review and State-of-the-Art", Fuelwood Development for Energy in Sudan, Field Document No. 43, July 1992.
"Restocking of the Gum Belt of Northern Darfur", project document, UNSO/SUD/88/X05 SUD/86/089, 1988.
Daphne Topouzis, "Report of the Women and Development Specialist", Area Development Scheme, Lower Atbara, Northern State, Sudan, SUD/90/005/A/0190, October 1993.
van der Borg, Brigitte J., "A Review of the Women's Programme", Forestry Development in the Sudan Project, GCP/SUD/047/NET, December 1993.
