Appendix B: Case study: China

B.1 Parameters used for Demand-driven routine

B.1 A) Dairy Cattle and Buffaloes

Parameter	Dairy Cattle			Buffalo
name	Pastoral	Warm&Cold	Tropic&ST	Tropic&ST
Milk production demand	1,515,000	3,224,000	1,025,000	2,200,000
Distribution losses	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fertility rate	0.750	0.900	0.900	0.550
Prolificacy rate	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Breeder males per breeder female	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001
Milk yield per lactation	2.000	4.500	4.500	0.550
Fraction of females milked	0.900	0.900	0.900	0.800
Cow mortality rate	0.030	0.040	0.040	0.050
Bull mortality rate	0.030	0.040	0.040	0.050
Female replacement mortality rate	0.030	0.040	0.040	0.080
Male replacement mortality rate	0.030	0.040	0.040	0.050
Female young mortality rate	0.070	0.060	0.060	0.100
Male young mortality rate	0.070	0.060	0.060	0.100
Other stock mortality rate	0.030	0.040	0.040	0.030
Draught animals mortality rate	0.030	0.040	0.040	0.030
Years in breeding herd, cows	5.000	4.500	4.500	7.000
Years in breeding herd, bulls	5.000	5.000	5.000	7.000
Years in replacement herd, females	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Years in replacement herd, males	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000
Years from young to slaughter, other stock	1.000	1.000	1.000	7.000
Years from young to slaughter, draught animals	0.000	0.000	0.000	7.000
Years as young	1.500	1.300	1.300	1.000
Carcass weight of female breeders	0.275	0.280	0.280	0.250
Carcass weight of male breeders	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.300
Carcass weight of other stock	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.250
Carcass weight of draught animals	0.300	0.300	0.300	0.250
Males in the system? (Y=1/N=0)	0.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Are young males slaughtered at birth? (Y=1 / N=0)	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.000
Fraction of fallen animal eaten	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Proportion of female breeders with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950	0.950
Proportion of male breeders with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950	0.950
Proportion of other stock with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950	0.950
Proportion of draught animals with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950	0.950
Weight of skin for female breeders	0.036	0.036	0.036	0.036
Weight of skin for male breeders	0.045	0.045	0.045	0.045
Weight of skin for other stock	0.023	0.023	0.023	0.027
Weight of skin for draught animals	0.030	0.030	0.030	0.030
Average live weight, breeder female	0.550	0.570	0.570	0.600
Average live weight, breeder male	0.600	0.620	0.620	0.700
Average live weight, replacement female	0.350	0.370	0.370	0.300
Average live weight, replacement male	0.400	0.420	0.420	0.350
Average live weight, other stock	0.350	0.370	0.370	0.600
Average live weight, draught animals	0.350	0.370	0.370	0.600
Average live weight, young female	0.200	0.200	0.200	0.100
Average live weight, young male	0.220	0.220	0.220	0.100
Milk fat content(g/kg)	45.000	34.000	34.000	126.000
Peek animal draught power demand / month	0	0	0	300000000
Are there Draught specific oxen?(Y=1 / N=0)	0	0	0	1
Are Male Breeders used for draught?(Y=1 / N=0)	0	0	0	1
Are Female Breeders used for draught?(Y=1 / N=0)	0	0	0	1
Are Male replacements used for draught?(Y=1 / N=0)	0	0	0	1
Number of days worked, draught specific animals	0	0	0	120
Number of days worked, Breeders	0	0	0	120
Number of days worked, Replacements	0	0	0	120
Average productivity /animal /day, draught specific oxen	0	0	0	1
Average productivity /animal /day, Breeders	0	0	0	1
Average productivity /animal /day, Replacements	0	0	0	1

B.1 B) Beef Cattle

Parameter	Beef Cattle
name	Pastoral	Warm&Cold	Tropic&ST
Meat production demand	400,000	1,600,000	1,200,000
Distribution losses	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fertility rate	0.600	0.650	0.600
Prolificacy rate	1.000	1.000	1.000
Breeder males per breeder female	0.002	0.002	0.002
Female breeder mortality rate	0.050	0.030	0.030
Male breeder mortality rate	0.050	0.030	0.030
Female replacement mortality rate	0.030	0.020	0.020
Male replacement mortality rate	0.030	0.020	0.020
Young mortality rate	0.110	0.080	0.080
Other stock mortality rate	0.030	0.020	0.020
Years in breeding herd	6.000	6.000	6.000
Years in replacement herd	1.500	1.500	1.500
Years as young	1.000	1.000	1.000
Years from young to slaughter, other stock	3.000	3.000	3.000
Carcass weight of female breeders	0.180	0.180	0.200
Carcass weight of male breeders	0.230	0.230	0.250
Carcass weight of other stock	0.180	0.180	0.200
Fraction of females milked	0.000	0.000	0.000
Milk yield per lactation	0.400	0.500	0.500
Fraction of calves that are fertile	0.950	0.950	0.950
Retention ratio for young females	0.900	0.900	0.900
Emergency slaughter fraction	0.100	0.100	0.100
Are young males slaughtered at birth? (Y=1 / N=0)	0.000	0.000	0.000
Proportion of female breeders with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950
Proportion of male breeders with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950
Proportion of other stock with usable skin	0.950	0.950	0.950
Weight of skin for female breeders	0.036	0.036	0.036
Weight of skin for male breeders	0.045	0.045	0.045
Weight of skin for other stock	0.027	0.023	0.023
Average live weight, breeder female	0.400	0.400	0.500
Average live weight, breeder male	0.500	0.500	0.550
Average live weight, replacement female	0.320	0.320	0.400
Average live weight, replacement male	0.400	0.400	0.440
Average live weight, other stock	0.400	0.400	0.500
Average live weight, young female	0.150	0.150	0.170
Average live weight, young male	0.170	0.170	0.200
Milk fat content(g/kg)	34.000	34.000	34.000
Peek animal draught power demand / month	6000000	900000000	300000000
Are there Draught specific oxen?(Y=1 / N=0)	1	1	1
Are Male Breeders used for draught?(Y=1 / N=0)	1	1	1
Are Female Breeders used for draught?(Y=1 / N=0)	0	0	0
Are Male replacements used for draught?(Y=1 / N=0)	1	1	1
Number of days worked, draught specific animals	100	100	75
Number of days worked, Breeders	100	100	75
Number of days worked, Replacements	100	100	75
Average productivity /animal /day, draught specific oxen	1	1	1
Average productivity /animal /day, Breeders	1	1	1
Average productivity /animal /day, Replacements	1	1	1

B.1 C) Sheep

Parameter		Sheep
name	Pastoral	Semi-pastoral	Crop area
Meat production demand	480,000	70,000	480,000
Distribution losses	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fertility rate	0.800	0.900	1.100
Prolificacy rate	1.000	1.000	1.200
Breeder males per breeder female	0.020	0.020	0.020
Female breeder mortality rate	0.050	0.030	0.025
Male breeder mortality rate	0.050	0.030	0.025
Female replacement mortality rate	0.050	0.020	0.020
Male replacement mortality rate	0.050	0.020	0.020
Young mortality rate	0.120	0.100	0.100
Other stock mortality rate	0.050	0.020	0.020
Years in breeding herd	4.000	3.500	2.500
Years in replacement herd	1.000	0.500	0.300
Years as young	1.000	1.000	1.000
Years from young to slaughter, other stock	0.200	0.100	0.100
Carcass weight of female breeders	0.023	0.036	0.036
Carcass weight of male breeders	0.045	0.045	0.045
Carcass weight of other stock	0.017	0.013	0.013
Fraction of females milked	0.000	0.000	0.000
Milk yield per lactation	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fraction of calves that are fertile	1.000	1.000	1.000
Retention ratio for young females	0.950	0.900	0.800
Emergency slaughter fraction	0.000	0.000	0.000
Proportion of female breeders with usable skin	0.900	0.900	0.900
Proportion of male breeders with usable skin	0.900	0.900	0.900
Proportion of other stock with usable skin	0.900	0.900	0.900
Weight of skin for female breeders	0.003	0.003	0.003
Weight of skin for male breeders	0.004	0.004	0.004
Weight of skin for other stock	0.003	0.003	0.003
Average live weight, breeder female	0.050	0.080	0.080
Average live weight, breeder male	0.100	0.100	0.100
Average live weight, replacement female	0.040	0.060	0.060
Average live weight, replacement male	0.060	0.080	0.080
Average live weight, other stock	0.030	0.030	0.030
Average live weight, young female	0.020	0.020	0.020
Average live weight, young male	0.020	0.020	0.020
Milk fat content	100.000	100.000	100.000
Standard fleece weight (kg)	3.000	3.000	3.000
Shearings per year, breeder female	1.000	1.000	1.000
Shearings per year, breeder male	1.000	1.000	1.000
Shearings per year, replacement female	1.000	0.500	0.500
Shearings per year, replacement male	1.000	0.500	0.500
Wool used or sold, breeder female	0.950	0.950	0.800
Wool used or sold, breeder male	0.950	0.950	0.800
Wool used or sold, replacement female	0.950	0.950	0.800
Wool used or sold, replacement male	0.950	0.950	0.800

B.1 D) Goats

Parameter		Goats
name	Pastoral	Semi-pastoral	Crop area
Meat production demand	130,000	40,000	720,000
Distribution losses	0.000	0.000	0.000
Fertility rate	0.750	0.900	1.200
Prolificacy rate	1.000	1.000	1.400
Breeder males per breeder female	0.020	0.020	0.020
Female breeder mortality rate	0.050	0.030	0.025
Male breeder mortality rate	0.050	0.030	0.025
Female replacement mortality rate	0.020	0.020	0.020
Male replacement mortality rate	0.020	0.020	0.020
Young mortality rate	0.120	0.100	0.100
Other stock mortality rate	0.050	0.020	0.020
Years in breeding herd	4.000	3.500	3.500
Years in replacement herd	1.000	1.000	0.500
Years as young	1.000	1.000	0.500
Years from young to slaughter, other stock	0.500	0.500	0.300
Carcass weight of female breeders	0.014	0.012	0.012
Carcass weight of male breeders	0.020	0.020	0.020
Carcass weight of other stock	0.014	0.012	0.010
Fraction of females milked	0.000	0.000	0.000
Milk yield per lactation	0.010	0.050	0.300
Fraction of calves that are fertile	1.000	1.000	1.000
Retention ratio for young females	0.950	0.900	0.500
Emergency slaughter fraction	0.000	0.000	0.000
Proportion of female breeders with usable skin	0.900	0.800	0.750
Proportion of male breeders with usable skin	0.900	0.800	0.750
Proportion of other stock with usable skin	0.900	0.800	0.750
Weight of skin for female breeders	0.003	0.003	0.003
Weight of skin for male breeders	0.003	0.003	0.003
Weight of skin for other stock	0.003	0.003	0.003
Average live weight, breeder female	0.030	0.025	0.025
Average live weight, breeder male	0.050	0.045	0.045
Average live weight, replacement female	0.028	0.020	0.020
Average live weight, replacement male	0.030	0.025	0.025
Average live weight, other stock	0.030	0.025	0.023
Average live weight, young female	0.020	0.015	0.015
Average live weight, young male	0.025	0.015	0.015
Milk fat content(g/kg)	35.000	35.000	35.000
Standard fleece weight(kg)	0.500	0.500	0.500
Shearings per year, breeder female	1.000	1.000	1.000
Shearings per year, breeder male	1.000	1.000	1.000
Shearings per year, replacement female	1.000	1.000	0.500
Shearings per year, replacement male	1.000	1.000	0.500
Hair used or sold, breeder female	1.000	0.070	0.600
Hair used or sold, breeder male	1.000	0.700	0.600
Hair used or sold, replacement female	1.000	0.700	0.600
Hair used or sold, replacement male	1.000	0.700	0.600

B.1 E) Pigs and Chickens

Parameter	Pigs	Parameter	Poultry
name	Combined	name	Combined
Meat production demand	36,484,000	Meat production demand	6,450,000
Fraction of target to be met by intensive system	0.200	Egg production demand	13414000
Distribution losses, int.	0.000	Rural human pop in target year	851970
Female breeder mortality rate, int.	0.010	Rural human pop in base year	851970
Male breeder mortality rate, int.	0.010	Village poultry numbers in base year	1000000000
Female replacement mortality rate, int.	0.010	Annual egg yield of village poultry(kg)	5.000
Male replacement mortality rate, int.	0.010	Laying period of village poultry(yr)	1.000
Slaughter stock mortality rate, int.	0.010	Village poultry mortality rate	0.200
Years in breeding herd, int.	3.500	Carcass weight, village poultry(kg)	2.200
Years in replacement herd, int.	0.670	Distributive loss rate for eggs	0.000
Years to slaughter for slaughter stock, int.	0.500	Commercial egg layer mortality rate	0.200
Average live weight, breeder female, int.	0.200	Commercial chick mortality rate	0.120
Average live weight, breeder male, int.	0.225	Annual egg yield of commercial layers	13.800
Average live weight, slaughter stock, int.	0.100	Laying period of commercial layers	1.000
Dressing percentage	0.725	Commercial layer live weight(kg)	1.700
Litters per sow per year, int.	2.000	Hatching eggs per breeder	130.000
Size of litter, int.	11.000	Hatching rate for hatching eggs	0.900
Females per male breeder, int.	25.000	Mortality rate for breeders	0.120
Distribution losses, trad.	0.000	Breeder females per male	50.000
Female breeder mortality rate, trad.	0.030	Laying period for breeders	1.200
Male breeder mortality rate, trad.	0.030	Breeder live weight(kg)	3.000
Female replacement mortality rate, trad.	0.030	Poultry meat distribution loss rate	0.000
Male replacement mortality rate, trad.	0.030	Broiler mortality rate	0.070
Slaughter stock mortality rate, trad.	0.030	Broiler live weight(kg)	2.200
Years in breeding herd, trad.	5.000	Broiler fattening days	50.000
Years in replacement herd, trad.	1.000	Broiler fattening cycle per year	3.000
Years to slaughter for slaughter stock, trad.	0.830	Fraction of fallen animal eaten	0.000
Average live weight, breeder female, trad.	0.175
Average live weight, breeder male, trad.	0.085
Average live weight, slaughter stock, trad.	0.100
Litters per sow per year, trad.	1.500
Size of litter, trad.	10.000
Females per male breeder, trad.	12.500
Fraction of fallen animal eaten	0.000

B.2 Parameters used for Herd-growth routine

B.2 A) Dairy cattle and Buffaloes

System :		Dairy cattle		Buffaloes
Sub-system :	Pastoral	Warm&Cold	Tropic&ST	Tropic&ST
Number of female breeders in base year	1,122,222	884,499	281,207	9,090,909
Number of male breeders in base year	935	737	234	9,091
Number of female replacement in base year	245,692	219,613	69,821	1,612,049
Number of male replacement in base year	205	166	53	1,586
Number of other stock in base year	0	0	0	10,581,789
Number of female young in base year	420,833	398,025	126,543	2,500,000
Number of male young in base year	3,176	2,964	942	2,500,000
Fraction of youngs that are fertile	0.950	0.950	0.950	0.950
Fraction of other females retained	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.950

B.2 B) Beef cattle

Sub-system :	Pastoral	Warm&Cold	Tropic&ST
Number of female breeders in base year	5,327,088	18,966,977	13,487,306
Number of male breeders in base year	8,523	30,347	21,580
Number of female replacement in base year	1,996,882	7,958,677	5,246,864
Number of male replacement in base year	3,195	12,734	8,395
Number of other stock in base year	4,579,031	18,528,638	12,183,611
Number of female young in base year	1,598,126	6,164,267	4,046,192
Number of male young in base year	1,598,126	6,164,267	4,046,192
Fraction of youngs that are fertile	0.950	0.950	0.950
Fraction of other females retained	0.900	0.900	0.900

B.2 C) Sheep

Sub-system :	Pastoral	Semi-pastoral	Crop area
Number of female breeders in base year	41,433,940	4,185,188	18,160,468
Number of male breeders in base year	828,679	83,704	363,209
Number of female replacement in base year	14,702,151	957,564	3,813,313
Number of male replacement in base year	294,043	19,151	76,266
Number of other stock in base year	3,130,644	217,037	1,696,675
Number of female young in base year	16,573,576	1,883,335	11,985,909
Number of male young in base year	16,573,576	1,883,335	11,985,909
Fraction of youngs that are fertile	1.000	1.000	1.000
Fraction of other females retained	0.950	0.900	0.800

B.2 D) Goats

Sub-system :	Pastoral	Semi-pastoral	Crop area
Number of female breeders in base year	16,131,095	4,483,585	42,242,163
Number of male breeders in base year	322,622	89,672	844,843
Number of female replacement in base year	5,411,488	1,855,342	11,815,734
Number of male replacement in base year	108,230	37,107	236,315
Number of other stock in base year	2,810,236	1,044,725	17,358,798
Number of female young in base year	6,049,161	2,017,613	35,483,417
Number of male young in base year	6,049,161	2,017,613	35,483,417
Fraction of youngs that are fertile	1.000	1.000	1.000
Fraction of other females retained	0.950	0.900	0.500

B.3 Feed inventory

Grazing land									Ref LSU:			35600.0
Growing	Hectares	Energy		Protein		Crude fiber						Total digest.
period (days)	(x100)	(MJ/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		Constant		TOT LSU		protein (MT)
1 to 75	0	5.0		84.0		296.0		23.5		0		0
76 to 89	0	5.0		84.0		296.0		13.0		0		0
90 to 119	0	5.0		104.0		269.6		10.4		0		0
120 to 149	2,347,500	5.0		104.0		269.6		6.9		34,021,739		17,029,105
150 to 179	0	5.0		143.0		257.1		4.5		0		0
180 to 209	0	5.0		143.0		257.1		3.1		0		0
210 to 239	0	5.0		174.0		236.8		2.0		0		0
240 to 269	0	5.0		174.0		236.8		1.4		0		0
270 to 299	0	5.0		174.0		236.8		0.9		0		0
300 to 329	0	5.0		222.0		200.0		0.6		0		0
330 to 365	0	5.0		222.0		200.0		0.4		0		0
Total	2,347,500	5.0								34,021,739		17,029,105

Crop residues
Name	Quantity		Imports	Exports	Energy		Protein		Crude fiber		Total		Total digest.
	(tons)		(tons)	(tons)	(MJ/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		LSUs		protein (MT)
Straws	437,384,000		0.0	0.0	2.0		30.0		400.0		24,572,135		0
Potato vines	17,350,000		0.0	0.0	10.0		219.0		150.0		4,892,115		3,474,338
Vegetables	296,539		0.0	0.0	2.0		23.0		22.0		16,659		6,005
Pulses	649,911		0.0	0.0	16.4		264.0		75.0		299,032		165,484
Housewastes etc.	310,969,000		0.0	0.0	2.9		23.0		22.0		25,331,744		6,297,122
Total	766,649,450		0.0	0.0	2.6						55,111,686		9,942,948

Primary products
Name	Quantity		Imports	Exports	Energy		Protein		Crude fiber		Total		Total protein
	(tons)		(tons)	(tons)	(MJ/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		LSUs		(tons dm)
Maize	80,000,000		0.0	0.0	14.2		110.0		46.0		31,910,112		8,340,000
Wheat	12,000,000		0.0	0.0	14.0		135.0		33.0		4,719,101		1,570,500
Rice	18,000,000		0.0	0.0	12.4		70.0		119.0		6,269,663		992,250
Other cereals	10,000,000		0.0	0.0	12.0		100.0		30.0		3,370,787		962,500
Soybeans	4,000,000		0.0	0.0	14.9		429.0		49.0		1,674,157		1,691,500
Potatoes	3,200,000		0.0	0.0	12.4		103.0		20.0		1,114,607		321,600
Sweet potatoes	13,200,000		0.0	0.0	13.6		54.0		23.0		5,045,663		674,850
Cassava	746,611		0.0	0.0	12.2		39.0		49.0		255,861		24,545
Sugar cane	4,103,100		0.0	0.0	9.0		63.0		350.0		1,037,301		78,985
Sugar beats	424,500		0.0	0.0	13.5		74.0		62.0		160,761		28,123
Total	145,674,211		0.0	0.0	13.6						55,558,013		14,684,853

Crop by-products
Name	Quantity		Imports	Exports	Energy		Protein		Crude fiber		Total		Total protein
	(tons)		(tons)	(tons)	(MJ/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		LSUs		(tons dm)
Bran of wheat	26,410,000		0.0	0.0	10.1		169.0		113.0		7,492,725		4,090,249
Bran of rice	38,360,000		0.0	0.0	12.5		106.0		189.0		13,469,101		3,159,905
Bran of maize	2,453,267		0.0	0.0	12.5		120.0		30.0		861,400		285,192
Bran of millet	594,000		0.0	0.0	12.0		120.0		30.0		200,225		69,053
Bran of other cer.	1,582,781		0.0	0.0	10.0		100.0		100.0		444,601		138,493
Cake of groundnuts	2,010,000		0.0	0.0	11.4		335.0		255.0		643,652		609,281
Cake of cottonseed	6,010,000		0.0	0.0	8.7		269.0		240.0		1,468,736		1,436,390
Cake of rapeseed	4,720,000		0.0	0.0	11.7		360.0		104.0		1,551,236		1,637,840
Cake of Soya beans	3,201,473		0.0	0.0	13.3		475.0		51.0		1,196,056		1,500,290
Cake of other crops	1,699,546		0.0	0.0	11.7		300.0		300.0		560,230		446,131
Total	87,041,067		0.0	0.0	11.4						27,887,961		13,372,824

Fodder
Name	Quantity		Imports	Exports	Energy		Protein		Crude fiber		Total		Total protein
	(tons)		(tons)	(tons)	(MJ/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		(g/kg d m)		LSUs		(tons dm)
Silages etc.	23,000,000		0.0	0.0	1.7		80.0		300.0		1,081,258		977,500
Pelagic meals	478,535		0.0	0.0	20.2		660.0		0.0		270,991		315,833
skim milk	646,760		0.0	0.0	17.3		370.0		0.0		314,369		239,301
whey fresh	61,493		0.0	0.0	15.1		108.0		0.0		26,117		6,641
animal by-products	1,941,325		0.0	0.0	16.8		600.0		49.0		916,131		1,152,904
dregs from brewing	1,498,759		0.0	0.0	11.1		278.0		126.0		468,573		393,050
Total	27,626,872		0.0	0.0	4.0						3,077,439		3,085,229

B.4 Result sheet

B.4.1 Demand-driven routine

*Dairy Cattle*		Results, Demand-driven routine
*system 1-4 (total)*		Heads (number)			total LSU			Milk (Tons)		Meat (Tons)	Hides (Tons)		Protein (Tons)		No of working
Breeders		2,289,835			2,281,032.7			5,764,000.0		123,320.5	15,191.7		677,588.9		0.0
Replacements		535,550			377,763.0			n/a		n/a	n/a		104,897.2		0.0
Other stock		0			0.0			n/a		0.0	0.0		0.0		n/a
Draught animals		0			0.0			n/a		0.0	0.0		0.0		0.0
Youngs		952,483			385,876.0			n/a		n/a	n/a		129,364.9		n/a
GRAND TOTAL		3,777,869			3,044,671.6			5,764,000.0		123,320.5	15,191.7		911,851.0		0.0
Manure production		(tons)			17,112,939
Birthing rate		(/cow)			0.8
Offtake rate		(%)			9.4
Females in milk		(heads)			1,701,722.2
Average milk yield		(kg/cow)			3,387.2
Meat output from fallen animals		(tons)			0.00

*Beef Cattle*		Results, Demand-driven routine
*system 1-4 (total)*		Heads (number)			total LSU			Milk (Tons)		Meat (Tons)	Hides (Tons)		Protein (Tons)		No of working
Breeders		37,841,821			18,051,016.9			0.0		1,066,982.5	194,920.4		5,013,454.6		0.0
Replacements		15,226,747			5,081,299.8			n/a		n/a	n/a		1,535,393.9		0.0
Slaughter stock		4,005,628			1,274,918.2			n/a		230,276.9	32,814.5		490,984.2		n/a
Draught animals		31,285,652			12,349,154.3			n/a		1,902,740.6	222,084.6		5,333,727.0		31,285,651.7
Youngs		23,617,171			4,502,333.4			n/a		n/a	n/a		2,196,984.4		n/a
GRAND TOTAL		111,977,018			41,258,722.5			0.0		3,200,000.0	449,819.5		14,570,544.0		31,285,651.7
Manure production		(tons)			358,972,893
Birthing rate		(/cow)			0.6
Offtake rate		(%)			15.3
Average milk yield		(kg/cow)			-
Meat output from fallen animals		(tons)			80,275.17


*Sheep*		Results, Demand-driven routine
*System 1-3 (total)*		Heads (number)			total LSU			Milk (Tons)		Meat (Tons)	Wool (Tons)		Protein (Tons)
Breeders		65,055,188			4,833,047.2			0.0		519,841.1	177,071.6		1,346,351.3
Replacements		19,862,489			1,134,146.7			n/a		n/a	37,857.7		395,298.3
Slaughter stock		5,044,357			303,044.1			n/a		510,158.9	n/a		87,423.9
Youngs		60,885,639			2,820,384.4			n/a		n/a	n/a		1,352,442.1

GRAND TOTAL		150,847,672			9,090,622.3			0.0		1,030,000.0	214,929.3		3,181,515.6
Manure production		(tons)			63,494,523
Birthing rate		(/cow)			1.0
Offtake rate		(%)			34.8
Average milk yield		(kg/cow)			-
Meat output from fallen animals		(tons)			0.00


*Goats*		Results, Demand-driven routine
*System 1-3 (total)*		Heads (number)			total LSU			Milk (Tons)		Meat (Tons)	Hair (Tons)		Protein (Tons)
Breeders		64,113,980			4,875,151.0			1,553.0		210,496.2	21,341.3		1,772,545.5
Replacements		19,464,216			1,006,444.3			n/a		n/a	3,754.8		300,151.3
Slaughter stock		21,213,759			1,393,042.0			n/a		679,503.8	n/a		395,083.3
Youngs		87,100,382			3,568,328.7			n/a		n/a	n/a		2,229,784.5

GRAND TOTAL		191,892,337			10,842,965.9			1,553.0		890,000.0	25,096.1		4,697,564.5
Manure production		(tons)			82,314,984
Birthing rate		(/cow)			1.4
Offtake rate		(%)			42.7
Average milk yield		(kg/cow)			0.0
Meat output from fallen animals		(tons)			0.00

*Buffalo*		Results, Demand-driven routine
*System 1-3 (total)*		Heads (number)			total LSU			Milk (Tons)		Meat (Tons)	Hides (Tons)		Protein (Tons)		Working animals
Breeders		9,100,000			5,661,363.5			2,200,000.0		270,191.9	36,964.1		1,572,269.3		8,319,850.8
Replacements		1,613,635			702,721.0			n/a		n/a	n/a		195,193.8		1,586.1
Other stock		0			0.0			n/a		0.0	0.0		0.0		n/a
Draught animals		10,581,789			5,690,432.3			n/a		339,062.6	38,653.1		170,386.0		10,581,789.3
Youngs		5,000,000			1,244,255.7			n/a		n/a	n/a		422,257.7		n/a
GRAND TOTAL		26,295,424			13,298,772.6			2,200,000.0		609,254.5	75,617.2		2,360,106.8		18,903,226.2
Manure production		(tons)			73,752,063
Birthing rate		(/cow)			0.6
Offtake rate		(%)			9.3
Females in milk		(heads)			4,000,000.0
Average milk yield		(kg/cow)			550.0
Meat output from fallen animals		(tons)			0.00

*Pigs*			Results, Demand-driven routine
*Combined*			I-Offtake (number)		I-Tot Heads		I-Meat (Tons)		T-Offtake (Number)		T-Tot Heads		T-Meat (Tons)		Gnd.total (heads)
Producers			97,982,479		49,114,540		7,103,730		393,380,922		330,668,391		28,520,117		379,782,931
Breeders(female)			1,274,181		4,538,998		184,756		5,061,137		27,334,327		642,132		31,873,325
Breeders(male)			50,967		181,560		8,314		404,891		2,186,746		24,951		2,368,306
Replacement(female)			n/a		887,250		n/a		n/a		5,984,396		n/a		6,871,646
Replacement(male)			n/a		35,490		n/a		n/a		478,752		n/a		514,242
GRAND TOTAL			99,307,627		54,757,838		7,296,800		398,846,950		366,652,611		29,187,200		421,410,450

total refLSUs,				Intensive		7,531,370		Grand total		Offtake (hds)	498,154,577		Carcass wt		(kg)
				Traditional		76,276,621				Meat (tons)	36,484,000		intensive		73.2
total refLSUs,				Trad.+Int.		83,807,991		Offtake rate		Intensive	181.4		traditional		73.5
No of fallen animals eaten				(head)		0		(%)		traditional	108.8		Total		73.2
Meat output from fallen animals				(tons)		0				total	118.2

*Poultry*		Results, Demand-driven routine
*Combined*		Heads (Number)			total LSU			Meat (Tons)		Meat (offtake)		Eggs (Tons)
Village poultry		1,000,000,000			7,000,000			1,760,000		800,000,000		5,000,000
Commercial poultry		2,579,172,058			17,923,881			4,690,000		3,172,189,809		8,414,000
Commercial layers		1,645,363,035			16,972,624			751,981		622,294,003		n/a
Commercial broilers		933,809,023			951,257			3,938,019		2,549,895,805		n/a
------
GRAND TOTAL		3,579,172,058			24,923,881			6,450,000		3,972,189,809		13,414,000

Commercial layers		Laying hens				762,137,681				meat / poultry	offtake rate			egg	meat
	Chicks for breeders					866,065,547		Village		2.200	0.800			37.3%	27.3%
		Breeders (egg)				17,159,807		Com Layer		1.208	0.378			62.7%	11.7%
Commercial broilers		Broilers				906,856,980		Com Broiler		1.544	2.731				61.1%
		Breeders (meat)				26,952,043

B.4.2 Herd-growth routine

(Dairy cattle - Pastoral area)

B.5 Constants

(see Section 2.3.1.2 of the guide)

B.5.1 SysLSUs and MEPs

	breeder		replacement		other	draught A	draught A	young		MEPs
	fem	male	fem	male	stock	resting	working	fem	male
Cattle - Milk	1.000	1.000	0.700	0.700	0.700	0.700	1.200	0.400	0.400	5.000
Cattle - Meat	1.000	1.000	0.700	0.700	0.700	0.700	1.200	0.400		5.000
Buffalo	1.000	1.000	0.700	0.700	0.700	0.700	1.200	0.400	0.400	8.300
Sheep	1.000	1.000	0.800	0.800	0.800			0.600		4.600
Goats	1.000	1.000	0.700	0.700	0.800			0.500		4.600
Pigs - int.	1.000	1.000	0.800	0.800	0.800			0.300
Pigs - trad.	1.000	1.000	0.800	0.800	0.800			0.300

(note) SysLSUs for replacement and other stock of pigs are modified (the original = 0.4).

B.5.2 Other constants

Cattle - Milk

refLSU 35600.000 reference LSUs in MJ

CONM 0.500 sex ratio of new-borns

LSUFAC1 8.300 used for calculation of energy requirements

LSUFAC2 0.091 used for calculation of energy requirements

Cattle - Beef

CONB 0.500 sex ratio of new-borns

LSUFAC1 8.300 used for calculation of energy requirements

LSUFAC2 0.091 used for calculation of energy requirements

Sheep

CONS 0.500 sex ratio of new-borns

LSUFAC1 1.800 used for calculation of energy requirements

LSUFAC2 0.100 used for calculation of energy requirements

APRM 7.660 used for calculation of protein requirement for milking (also used for goats)

Goats

CONG 0.500 sex ratio of new-borns

LSUFAC1 1.800 used for calculation of energy requirements

LSUFAC2 0.100 used for calculation of energy requirements

Buffalo

REFlsu 35600.000 reference LSUs in MJ

CONBU 0.500 sex ratio of new-borns

LSUFAC1 8.300 used for calculation of energy requirements

LSUFAC2 0.091 used for calculation of energy requirements

Pigs

CON 0.300 used for calculation of energy requirements (Reference LSU = CON � sysLSU)

Poultry

ELSU1 0.014 used for Reference LSUs for Commercial layers and breeders

ELSU2 0.002 used for Reference LSUs for commercial broilers (0.01 � carcass weight per bird)

ELSU3 0.007 used for Reference LSUs for village flock and commercial egg culls

PKO 0.700 Dressing fraction (carcass / live weight)

PL 25.000 (not used)

Cattle - Milk
refLSU	35600.000	reference LSUs in MJ
CONM	0.500	sex ratio of new-borns
LSUFAC1	8.300	used for calculation of energy requirements
LSUFAC2	0.091	used for calculation of energy requirements
Cattle - Beef
CONB	0.500	sex ratio of new-borns
LSUFAC1	8.300	used for calculation of energy requirements
LSUFAC2	0.091	used for calculation of energy requirements
Sheep
CONS	0.500	sex ratio of new-borns
LSUFAC1	1.800	used for calculation of energy requirements
LSUFAC2	0.100	used for calculation of energy requirements
APRM	7.660	used for calculation of protein requirement for milking (also used for goats)
Goats
CONG	0.500	sex ratio of new-borns
LSUFAC1	1.800	used for calculation of energy requirements
LSUFAC2	0.100	used for calculation of energy requirements
Buffalo
REFlsu	35600.000	reference LSUs in MJ
CONBU	0.500	sex ratio of new-borns
LSUFAC1	8.300	used for calculation of energy requirements
LSUFAC2	0.091	used for calculation of energy requirements
Pigs
CON	0.300	used for calculation of energy requirements (Reference LSU = CON � sysLSU)
Poultry
ELSU1	0.014	used for Reference LSUs for Commercial layers and breeders
ELSU2	0.002	used for Reference LSUs for commercial broilers (0.01 � carcass weight per bird)
ELSU3	0.007	used for Reference LSUs for village flock and commercial egg culls
PKO	0.700	Dressing fraction (carcass / live weight)
PL	25.000	(not used)