Table 1. Fisheries production in quantity ('000 t) by sub-sectors, 1977 - 1997
|
Year |
Total |
Capture |
Culture |
||
|
Marine |
Inland |
Coastal |
Freshwater |
||
|
1977 |
2 189.90 |
2 064.40 |
89.20 |
3.20 |
33.10 |
|
1978 |
2 099.30 |
1 947.70 |
102.10 |
10.10 |
39.40 |
|
1979 |
1 946.30 |
1 802.30 |
103.70 |
10.90 |
29.40 |
|
1980 |
1 792.90 |
1 587.90 |
110.40 |
60.10 |
34.50 |
|
1981 |
1 989.00 |
1 756.90 |
116.50 |
67.50 |
48.10 |
|
1982 |
2 120.10 |
1 949.70 |
87.70 |
36.90 |
45.80 |
|
1983 |
2 255.40 |
2 055.20 |
108.40 |
44.80 |
47.00 |
|
1984 |
2 134.80 |
1 911.50 |
111.40 |
61.50 |
50.40 |
|
1985 |
2 225.20 |
1 997.20 |
92.20 |
60.60 |
75.20 |
|
1986 |
2 536.30 |
2 309.50 |
98.40 |
39.10 |
89.30 |
|
1987 |
2 779.10 |
2 540.00 |
87.40 |
61.90 |
89.80 |
|
1988 |
2 629.70 |
2 337.20 |
81.50 |
108.90 |
102.10 |
|
1989 |
2 740.00 |
2 370.50 |
109.10 |
168.70 |
91.70 |
|
1990 |
2 786.40 |
2 362.20 |
127.20 |
193.20 |
103.80 |
|
1991 |
2 967.70 |
2 478.60 |
136.00 |
230.40 |
122.70 |
|
1992 |
3 239.80 |
2 736.40 |
132.00 |
229.30 |
142.10 |
|
1993 |
3 385.10 |
2 752.50 |
175.40 |
295.60 |
161.60 |
|
1994 |
3 523.20 |
2 804.40 |
202.60 |
345.80 |
170.40 |
|
1995 |
3 572.60 |
2 827.40 |
191.70 |
357.50 |
196.00 |
|
1996 |
3 549.20 |
2 786.10 |
208.40 |
326.00 |
228.70 |
|
1997 |
3 384.40 |
2 679.50 |
205.00 |
299.70 |
200.20 |
|
Average Annual Increase (%) |
2.40 |
1.58 |
5.29 |
45.93 |
10.66 |
SOURCE: Annual Fisheries Statistics of Thailand (Various Issues), Department of FisheriesTable 2. Fisheries production in value (M Baht) by sub-sectors, 1977-1997
|
Year |
Total |
Capture |
Culture |
||
|
Marine |
Inland |
Coastal |
Freshwater |
||
|
1977 |
10 660.50 |
8 558.70 |
1 622.60 |
63.50 |
415.70 |
|
1978 |
13 828.10 |
11 087.60 |
1 942.80 |
371.10 |
426.60 |
|
1979 |
14 004.10 |
10 835.40 |
2 249.40 |
483.10 |
436.20 |
|
1980 |
14 067.50 |
9 793.60 |
2 961.10 |
713.90 |
598.90 |
|
1981 |
17 133.90 |
12 335.90 |
2 914.50 |
877.50 |
1 006.00 |
|
1982 |
18 194.00 |
13 370.60 |
3 068.00 |
875.40 |
880.00 |
|
1983 |
19 238.30 |
14 049.10 |
2 996.50 |
1 187.10 |
1 005.60 |
|
1984 |
18 337.10 |
13 277.20 |
2 569.40 |
1 264.10 |
1 226.40 |
|
1985 |
19 785.50 |
14 077.30 |
2 569.70 |
1 573.30 |
1 565.20 |
|
1986 |
22 882.30 |
16 987.30 |
2 069.90 |
1 890.10 |
1 935.00 |
|
1987 |
27 641.60 |
19 357.10 |
2 113.10 |
3 726.10 |
2 445.30 |
|
1988 |
32 422.50 |
19 823.00 |
1 784.70 |
8 216.90 |
2 597.90 |
|
1989 |
35 870.00 |
19 935.20 |
2 228.20 |
11 493.60 |
2 213.00 |
|
1990 |
41 395.70 |
20 738.40 |
3 301.70 |
14 753.60 |
2 602.00 |
|
1991 |
53 025.80 |
26 403.70 |
3 290.80 |
20 362.10 |
2 969.20 |
|
1992 |
65 544.50 |
32 833.00 |
2 998.80 |
26 234.50 |
3 478.20 |
|
1993 |
78 406.70 |
36 224.10 |
4 489.50 |
33 603.50 |
4 089.60 |
|
1994 |
87 001.20 |
36 337.20 |
4 805.60 |
40 961.80 |
4 896.60 |
|
1995 |
96 111.60 |
45 183.20 |
4 601.10 |
41 038.80 |
5 288.50 |
|
1996 |
100 625.80 |
46 815.30 |
4 995.40 |
42 029.50 |
6 785.60 |
|
1997 |
108 642.20 |
47 134.20 |
5 154.20 |
50 399.00 |
5 954.80 |
|
Average Annual Increase (%) |
12.68 |
9.51 |
7.47 |
54.85 |
15.66 |
SOURCE: Annual Fisheries Statistics of Thailand (Various Issues), Department of FisheriesTable 1.3. Production of Freshwater Fish From Culture by Main Species, 1977-1997 (ton)
|
Year |
Ton |
Nile Tilapia |
Walking Catfish |
Silver Barb |
Sepat Siam |
Striped Catfish |
Striped Snakehead |
Others |
|||||||
|
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
||
|
1977 |
33,141 |
3,075 |
9.28 |
7,029 |
21.21 |
826 |
2.49 |
13,049 |
39.38 |
2,945 |
8.89 |
3,320 |
10.02 |
2,897 |
8.74 |
|
1978 |
39,367 |
3,625 |
9.21 |
7,602 |
19.31 |
1,712 |
4.35 |
17,417 |
44.24 |
3,209 |
8.15 |
2,702 |
6.86 |
3,100 |
7.88 |
|
1979 |
29,462 |
3,248 |
11.02 |
4,246 |
14.41 |
3,683 |
12.50 |
9,817 |
33.32 |
3,322 |
11.28 |
2,143 |
7.27 |
3,002 |
10.19 |
|
1980 |
34,505 |
5,115 |
14.83 |
5,512 |
15.98 |
2,932 |
8.50 |
9,532 |
27.63 |
4,211 |
12.20 |
3,883 |
11.25 |
3,318 |
9.62 |
|
1981 |
48,113 |
5,455 |
11.34 |
6,070 |
12.62 |
4,178 |
8.68 |
11,035 |
22.94 |
8,277 |
17.20 |
8,678 |
18.04 |
4,421 |
9.19 |
|
1982 |
45,829 |
7,105 |
15.50 |
3,457 |
7.54 |
4,630 |
10.10 |
13,150 |
28.69 |
7,986 |
17.43 |
5,657 |
12.34 |
3,844 |
8.39 |
|
1983 |
46,966 |
12,091 |
25.74 |
2,961 |
6.30 |
5,052 |
10.76 |
9,326 |
19.86 |
6,963 |
14.82 |
4,754 |
10.12 |
5,820 |
12.39 |
|
1984 |
50,411 |
7,953 |
15.78 |
4,599 |
9.12 |
4,914 |
9.75 |
11,781 |
23.37 |
8,174 |
16.21 |
4,863 |
9.65 |
8,127 |
16.12 |
|
1985 |
75,254 |
15,110 |
20.08 |
6,393 |
8.50 |
7,312 |
9.72 |
16,577 |
22.03 |
13,786 |
18.32 |
7,364 |
9.79 |
8,711 |
11.58 |
|
1986 |
89,325 |
18,367 |
20.56 |
15,816 |
17.71 |
8,791 |
9.84 |
16,129 |
18.06 |
12,574 |
14.08 |
5,986 |
6.70 |
11,662 |
13.06 |
|
1987 |
89,782 |
16,980 |
18.91 |
13,875 |
15.45 |
11,145 |
12.41 |
14,269 |
15.89 |
11,822 |
13.17 |
3,294 |
3.67 |
18,397 |
20.49 |
|
1988 |
102,128 |
18,810 |
18.42 |
12,551 |
12.29 |
12,973 |
12.70 |
14,901 |
14.59 |
20,353 |
19.93 |
4,041 |
3.96 |
18,499 |
18.11 |
|
1989 |
91,680 |
21,114 |
23.03 |
12,383 |
13.51 |
13,370 |
14.58 |
13,196 |
14.39 |
13,540 |
14.77 |
3,732 |
4.07 |
14,346 |
15.65 |
|
1990 |
103,754 |
22,834 |
22.01 |
17,908 |
17.26 |
14,646 |
14.12 |
12,799 |
12.34 |
13,337 |
12.85 |
3,786 |
3.65 |
18,443 |
17.78 |
|
1991 |
122,680 |
28,106 |
22.91 |
29,135 |
23.75 |
16,274 |
13.27 |
13,280 |
10.83 |
14,517 |
11.83 |
5,566 |
4.54 |
15,800 |
12.88 |
|
1992 |
142,105 |
43,935 |
30.92 |
23,775 |
16.73 |
23,840 |
16.78 |
12,959 |
9.12 |
14,176 |
9.98 |
4,715 |
3.32 |
18,704 |
13.16 |
|
1993 |
161,630 |
53,997 |
33.41 |
31,064 |
19.22 |
21,940 |
13.57 |
15,449 |
9.56 |
11,972 |
7.41 |
5,910 |
3.66 |
21,299 |
13.18 |
|
1994 |
170,427 |
55,716 |
32.69 |
34,663 |
20.34 |
27,211 |
15.97 |
19,304 |
11.33 |
8,153 |
4.78 |
5,589 |
3.28 |
19,789 |
11.61 |
|
1995 |
196,056 |
76,054 |
38.79 |
44,120 |
22.50 |
27,432 |
13.99 |
16,714 |
8.52 |
7,307 |
3.73 |
5,790 |
2.95 |
18,638 |
9.51 |
|
1996 |
228,656 |
81,547 |
35.66 |
64,372 |
28.15 |
33,150 |
14.50 |
13,816 |
6.04 |
9,758 |
4.27 |
6,292 |
2.75 |
19,721 |
8.62 |
|
1997 |
200,177 |
67,773 |
33.86 |
51,289 |
25.62 |
33,504 |
16.74 |
12,947 |
6.47 |
7,678 |
3.84 |
4,001 |
2.00 |
22,985 |
11.48 |
|
Average Annual Increase (%) |
10.64 |
20.27 |
|
17.46 |
|
24.15 |
|
2.20 |
|
9.44 |
|
7.43 |
|
12.92 |
|
Source: Annual Fisheries Statistics of Thailand (Various Issues),Department of FisheriesTable 1.4. Freshwater Fish Production by Region, 1977-1995 (ton)
|
Year |
Quantity |
Northern |
North - eastern |
Central Plain |
Eastern |
Western |
Southern |
||||||
|
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
Quantity |
% |
||
|
1977 |
33,141 |
1,327 |
4.00 |
1,586 |
4.79 |
4,080 |
12.31 |
18,033 |
54.41 |
7,036 |
21.23 |
1,078 |
3.25 |
|
1978 |
39,367 |
1,127 |
2.86 |
1,962 |
4.98 |
4,331 |
11.00 |
23,059 |
58.58 |
7,759 |
19.71 |
1,128 |
2.87 |
|
1979 |
29,262 |
1,517 |
5.19 |
2,058 |
7.03 |
6,183 |
21.13 |
14,161 |
48.39 |
4,162 |
14.22 |
1,180 |
4.03 |
|
1980 |
34,504 |
2,792 |
8.09 |
3,379 |
9.79 |
5,574 |
16.16 |
15,737 |
45.61 |
6,205 |
17.98 |
818 |
2.37 |
|
1981 |
48,113 |
3,917 |
8.14 |
3,081 |
6.40 |
9,021 |
18.75 |
18,299 |
38.03 |
13,130 |
27.29 |
665 |
1.38 |
|
1982 |
45,829 |
2,998 |
6.54 |
3,894 |
8.50 |
9,888 |
21.58 |
17,711 |
38.64 |
10,647 |
23.23 |
691 |
1.51 |
|
1983 |
46,966 |
3,094 |
6.59 |
5,459 |
11.62 |
9,476 |
20.18 |
14,292 |
30.43 |
13,717 |
29.21 |
929 |
1.98 |
|
1984 |
50,411 |
3,408 |
6.76 |
3,802 |
7.54 |
11,069 |
21.96 |
21,426 |
42.50 |
10,077 |
19.99 |
629 |
1.25 |
|
1985 |
75,254 |
8,319 |
11.05 |
5,292 |
7.03 |
16,010 |
21.27 |
28,655 |
38.08 |
16,085 |
21.37 |
893 |
1.19 |
|
1986 |
89,325 |
7,600 |
8.51 |
5,803 |
6.50 |
20,016 |
22.41 |
35,723 |
39.99 |
18,881 |
21.14 |
1,303 |
1.46 |
|
1987 |
89,782 |
7,886 |
8.78 |
7,047 |
7.85 |
22,225 |
24.75 |
32,658 |
36.38 |
18,371 |
20.46 |
1,594 |
1.78 |
|
1988 |
102,128 |
11,504 |
11.26 |
9,354 |
9.16 |
31,585 |
30.93 |
29,887 |
29.26 |
18,267 |
17.89 |
1,530 |
1.50 |
|
1989 |
91,680 |
9,462 |
10.32 |
7,330 |
7.99 |
26,531 |
28.94 |
30,912 |
33.72 |
14,051 |
15.33 |
3,395 |
3.70 |
|
1990 |
103,754 |
18,832 |
18.15 |
9,043 |
8.72 |
27,599 |
26.60 |
29,083 |
28.03 |
15,325 |
14.77 |
3,872 |
3.73 |
|
1991 |
122,680 |
13,298 |
10.84 |
11,388 |
9.28 |
32,934 |
26.85 |
32,705 |
26.66 |
27,274 |
22.23 |
5,079 |
4.14 |
|
1992 |
142,105 |
23,824 |
16.77 |
11,105 |
7.81 |
25,362 |
17.85 |
42,044 |
29.59 |
35,284 |
24.83 |
4,487 |
3.16 |
|
1993 |
161,630 |
27,077 |
16.75 |
13,613 |
8.42 |
28,464 |
17.61 |
48,513 |
30.02 |
38,101 |
23.57 |
5,862 |
3.63 |
|
1994 |
170,427 |
29,317 |
17.20 |
16,094 |
9.44 |
27,765 |
16.29 |
40,879 |
23.99 |
50,532 |
29.65 |
5,840 |
3.43 |
|
1995 |
196,056 |
28,820 |
14.70 |
19,803 |
10.10 |
44,380 |
22.64 |
44,208 |
22.55 |
50,658 |
25.84 |
8,188 |
4.18 |
|
1996 |
228,654 |
31,936 |
13.97 |
30,917 |
13.52 |
48,829 |
21.35 |
44,593 |
19.50 |
56,304 |
24.62 |
16,075 |
7.03 |
|
1997 |
200,177 |
24,398 |
12.19 |
33,521 |
16.75 |
44,900 |
22.43 |
42,758 |
21.36 |
45,521 |
22.74 |
9,079 |
4.54 |
|
Average Annual Increase (%) |
10.66 |
22.87 |
|
18.84 |
|
15.1 |
|
6.43 |
|
15.39 |
|
17.54 |
|
Source: Annual Fisheries Statistics of Thailand (Various Issues),Department of FisheriesTable 5. Number of farms, area and culture unit by region, 1997
|
Region |
No. of Farms |
Area (ha) |
Unit |
Average Area per Farm (ha/farm) |
|
North |
35 736 |
6 657 |
51 461 |
0.19 |
|
Northeastern |
79 292 |
23 898 |
105 895 |
0.30 |
|
Central |
10 079 |
6 466 |
23 796 |
0.64 |
|
East |
15 748 |
19 501 |
22 754 |
1.24 |
|
West |
10 316 |
9 617 |
20 343 |
0.93 |
|
South |
17 801 |
1 469 |
26 551 |
0.08 |
|
Total |
168 972 |
67 608 |
|
0.40 |
Source: Annual Fisheries Statistics of Thailand (Various Issues), Department of FisheriesTable 6. Per caput consumption (kg) of animal protein food by group, 1980-1997
|
Year |
Pork |
Beef |
Chicken |
Fish and Seafood |
|
1980 |
5.76 |
2.36 |
8.45 |
19.83 |
|
1981 |
5.53 |
2.33 |
7.50 |
22.60 |
|
1982 |
5.46 |
2.38 |
8.98 |
22.68 |
|
1983 |
5.21 |
2.34 |
9.10 |
23.46 |
|
1984 |
5.16 |
2.26 |
8.97 |
19.75 |
|
1985 |
5.50 |
2.23 |
9.95 |
19.73 |
|
1986 |
5.16 |
2.14 |
9.56 |
20.45 |
|
1987 |
4.96 |
2.14 |
7.86 |
18.91 |
|
1988 |
5.08 |
2.10 |
7.69 |
18.75 |
|
1989 |
5.22 |
2.08 |
9.25 |
19.94 |
|
1990 |
5.55 |
2.15 |
7.35 |
19.77 |
|
1991 |
5.07 |
2.30 |
8.41 |
22.51 |
|
1992 |
5.08 |
2.32 |
11.20 |
25.74 |
|
1993 |
5.64 |
2.57 |
11.10 |
29.19 |
|
1994 |
5.67 |
2.90 |
9.810 |
32.83 |
|
1995 |
6.83 |
2.12 |
10.00 |
33.82 |
|
1996 |
7.05 |
2.12 |
10.90 |
31.59 |
|
1997 |
8.45 |
2.13 |
11.50 |
27.01 |
|
Average Annual Increase (%) |
2.70 |
-0.23 |
4.84 |
2.26 |
SOURCES: 1. Office of Agricultural Economics. 2. Department of FisheriesTable 7. Annual per caput consumption by species and types of consumers
|
Species |
Rural |
Urban |
All |
||
|
Producer |
Non-producer |
||||
|
1. No of Household |
170 |
167 |
119 |
456 |
|
|
2. Quantities by Species (kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common carp |
0.84 |
0.36 |
0.12 |
0.48 |
|
Thai silver barb |
7.92 |
4.20 |
0.60 |
4.68 |
|
|
Tilapia |
11.04 |
8.76 |
4.68 |
8.52 |
|
|
Walking catfish |
3.00 |
3.84 |
1.80 |
3.00 |
|
|
Snakehead |
4.44 |
5.40 |
2.88 |
4.44 |
|
|
Other freshwater fish |
4.32 |
2.76 |
2.04 |
3.12 |
|
|
Marine fish |
1.32 |
1.68 |
4.80 |
2.40 |
|
|
Total Fresh fish |
32.88 |
27.00 |
16.92 |
26.64 |
|
|
Dried fish |
2.04 |
1.68 |
3 |
2.16 |
|
|
Total (include dried fish) |
34.92 |
28.68 |
19.92 |
28.8 |
|
|
3. Quantity by source (kg) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchased |
10.32 |
20.64 |
19.44 |
16.56 |
|
Captured |
24.6 |
8.04 |
0.48 |
12.24 |
|
|
Total |
34.92 |
28.68 |
19.92 |
28.8 |
|
|
Species |
Central |
West |
East |
North |
Northeast |
|
|
1. No. of Households |
167 |
55 |
47 |
88 |
99 |
|
|
2. Quantities by Species (kg) |
||||||
|
|
Silver Barb |
2.04 |
3.96 |
4.20 |
8.16 |
6.60 |
|
Tilapia |
5.28 |
11.16 |
12.48 |
9.60 |
9.60 |
|
|
Walking Catfish |
2.28 |
2.28 |
3.24 |
3.72 |
3.72 |
|
|
Striped Snakehead |
3.84 |
6.00 |
4.92 |
4.20 |
4.44 |
|
|
Other Fresh water Fish |
3.00 |
3.12 |
1.32 |
4.20 |
5.76 |
|
|
Marine Fish |
4.20 |
0.36 |
2.16 |
1.08 |
1.44 |
|
|
Total-Fresh Fish |
20.64 |
26.88 |
28.32 |
30.96 |
31.56 |
|
|
Dried Fish |
2.49 |
1.62 |
1.51 |
1.08 |
2.27 |
|
|
Total (Include Dried Fish) |
23.13 |
28.50 |
29.83 |
32.04 |
33.83 |
|
|
Expenditure |
Average Annual Expenditure (Baht per year) |
||||
|
I |
II |
III |
IV |
Average |
|
|
1. Total |
8 338.68 |
13 037.40 |
18 859.56 |
39 250.08 |
19 871.40 |
|
2. Food |
5 378.40 |
7 003.80 |
8 682.12 |
10 978.32 |
8 010.72 |
|
% out of total |
64.50 |
53.72 |
46.04 |
27.97 |
40.31 |
|
3. Non-Food |
2 960.16 |
6 033.48 |
10 177.32 |
28 271.76 |
11 860.68 |
|
% out of total |
35.50 |
46.28 |
53.96 |
72.03 |
59.69 |
|
4. Fish* |
759.96 |
1 047.72 |
1 377.12 |
1 816.92 |
1 250.40 |
|
% out of total |
9.11 |
8.04 |
7.30 |
4.63 |
6.29 |
|
% out of food |
14.13 |
14.96 |
15.86 |
16.55 |
15.61 |
|
4.1 Common carp |
15.24 |
16.92 |
21.24 |
9.12 |
15.60 |
|
(2.01) |
(1.61) |
(1.54) |
(0.50) |
(1.25) |
|
|
4.2 Thai silver Barb |
157.08 |
134.52 |
144.36 |
76.32 |
128.16 |
|
(20.67) |
(12.84) |
(10.49) |
(4.20) |
(10.25) |
|
|
4.3 Tilapia |
188.16 |
207.84 |
259.92 |
232.20 |
222.00 |
|
(24.77) |
(19.83) |
(18.87) |
(12.78) |
(17.76) |
|
|
4.4 Walking Catfish |
52.68 |
73.80 |
96.12 |
115.32 |
84.48 |
|
(6.93) |
(7.04) |
(6.98) |
(6.35) |
(6.76) |
|
|
4.5 Snakehead |
188.88 |
267.48 |
350.76 |
332.16 |
284.88 |
|
(24.85) |
(25.53) |
(25.48) |
(18.29) |
(22.78) |
|
|
4.6 Other FW Fish |
71.88 |
106.32 |
107.04 |
219.12 |
126.12 |
|
(9.46) |
(10.15) |
(7.78) |
(12.06) |
(10.09) |
|
|
4.7 Marine Fish |
23.76 |
113.16 |
196.20 |
432.12 |
191.28 |
|
(3.13) |
(10.80) |
(14.24) |
(23.78) |
(15.30) |
|
|
4.8 Dried Fish |
62.16 |
127.68 |
201.24 |
400.32 |
197.88 |
|
(8.18) |
(12.18) |
(14.62) |
(22.03) |
(15.82) |
|
NOTES: (1) * Including dried fish. (2) Figures in brackets are percentages of expenditure on individual species out of total fish expenditureTable 10. Annual per caput expenditure of rural consumers (Baht/year)
|
Expenditures |
Average Annual Expenditure |
||||
|
I |
II |
III |
IV |
Average |
|
|
1. Total |
7 680.12 |
11 480.64 |
15 629.52 |
29 671.56 |
16 090.44 |
|
2. Food |
5 016.96 |
6 667.44 |
8 422.20 |
10 671.96 |
7 686.72 |
|
% out of total |
65.32 |
58.08 |
53.89 |
35.97 |
47.77 |
|
3. Non-Food |
2 663.16 |
4 813.32 |
7 207.44 |
18 999.60 |
8 403.72 |
|
% out of total |
34.68 |
41.93 |
46.11 |
64.03 |
52.23 |
|
4. Fish* |
718.44 |
958.32 |
1 402.80 |
1 652.88 |
1 181.76 |
|
%out of total |
9.35 |
8.35 |
8.98 |
5.57 |
7.34 |
|
% out of food |
14.32 |
14.37 |
16.66 |
15.49 |
15.37 |
|
4.1 Common carp |
17.28 |
21.48 |
19.68 |
21.96 |
20.16 |
|
(2.41) |
(2.24) |
(1.41) |
(1.33) |
(1.70) |
|
|
4.2 Thai silver Barb |
151.68 |
140.40 |
191.64 |
185.76 |
167.28 |
|
(21.12) |
(14.65) |
(13.66) |
(11.24) |
(14.16) |
|
|
4.3 Tilapia |
167.64 |
205.68 |
294.96 |
342.24 |
252.36 |
|
(23.34) |
(21.47) |
(21.02) |
(20.71) |
(21.36) |
|
|
4.4 Walking Catfish |
51.36 |
76.80 |
103.68 |
149.88 |
95.28 |
|
(7.15) |
(8.02) |
(7.39) |
(9.07) |
(8.07) |
|
|
4.5 Snakehead |
185.76 |
252.00 |
366.60 |
432.12 |
308.76 |
|
(25.86) |
(26.29) |
(26.13) |
(26.15) |
(26.13) |
|
|
4.6 Other FW Fish |
63.60 |
92.88 |
140.88 |
195.84 |
123.12 |
|
(8.85) |
(9.69) |
(10.04) |
(11.85) |
(10.42) |
|
|
4.7 Marine Fish |
24.24 |
79.92 |
117.00 |
145.20 |
91.32 |
|
(3.37) |
(8.34) |
(8.34) |
(8.78) |
(7.73) |
|
|
4.8 Dried Fish |
56.76 |
89.16 |
168.36 |
179.88 |
123.36 |
|
(7.90) |
(9.31) |
(12.00) |
(10.88) |
(10.44) |
|
NOTES: (1) * Including dried fish. (2) figures in brackets are percentages of expenditure on individual species out of total fish expenditure.Table 11. Annual per caput expenditure of rural producer (Baht per year)
|
Expenditures |
Average Annual Expenditure |
||||
|
I |
II |
III |
IV |
Average |
|
|
1. Total |
7 703.64 |
11 167.92 |
15 177.12 |
27 834.72 |
15 423.48 |
|
2. Food |
5 115.60 |
6 866.88 |
8 351.40 |
10 487.40 |
7 693.92 |
|
% out of total |
66.40 |
61.49 |
55.03 |
37.68 |
49.88 |
|
3. Non-Food |
2 588.04 |
4 301.04 |
6 825.72 |
17 347.32 |
7 729.56 |
|
% out of total |
33.60 |
38.51 |
44.97 |
62.32 |
50.12 |
|
4. Fish* |
737.40 |
957.36 |
1 431.24 |
1 555.08 |
1 169.28 |
|
% out of total |
9.57 |
8.57 |
9.43 |
5.59 |
7.58 |
|
% out of food |
14.41 |
13.94 |
17.14 |
14.83 |
15.20 |
|
4.1 Common carp |
20.04 |
19.32 |
33.24 |
38.40 |
27.72 |
|
(2.72) |
(2.01) |
(2.32) |
(2.47) |
(2.37) |
|
|
4.2 Thai silver Barb |
174.00 |
146.04 |
279.96 |
247.68 |
212.16 |
|
(23.60) |
(15.25) |
(19.56) |
(15.93) |
(18.14) |
|
|
4.3 Tilapia |
195.48 |
222.72 |
335.64 |
300.84 |
263.64 |
|
(26.51) |
(23.27) |
(23.45) |
(19.35) |
(22.55) |
|
|
4.4 Walking Catfish |
47.52 |
93.36 |
56.16 |
134.88 |
82.56 |
|
(6.44) |
(9.75) |
(3.92) |
(8.68) |
(7.07) |
|
|
4.5 Snakehead |
151.56 |
202.20 |
359.52 |
332.76 |
261.48 |
|
(20.55) |
(21.12) |
(25.12) |
(21.40) |
(22.36) |
|
|
4.6 Other FW Fish |
70.80 |
129.36 |
133.08 |
178.68 |
127.68 |
|
(9.60) |
(13.51) |
(9.30) |
(11.49) |
(10.92) |
|
|
4.7 Marine Fish |
21.12 |
70.32 |
125.64 |
86.76 |
75.96 |
|
(2.86) |
(7.34) |
(8.78) |
(5.58) |
(6.49) |
|
|
4.8 Dried Fish |
57.00 |
74.04 |
108.12 |
235.08 |
118.08 |
|
(7.74) |
(7.73) |
(7.55) |
(15.11) |
(10.10) |
|
Notes: (1) * Including dried fish. (2) Figures in brackets are percentages of expenditure on individual species out of total fish expenditureTable 12. Annual per caput expenditure of rural non-producer (Baht/year)
|
Expenditures |
Average Annual Expenditure |
||||
|
I |
II |
III |
IV |
Average |
|
|
1. Total |
9 012.60 |
14 783.76 |
21 560.40 |
44 907.96 |
22 515.24 |
|
2. Food |
5 390.76 |
7 298.52 |
8 141.28 |
12 005.88 |
8 199.00 |
|
% out of total |
59.81 |
49.37 |
37.76 |
26.73 |
36.42 |
|
3. Non-Food |
3 621.84 |
7 485.24 |
13 419.12 |
32 902.08 |
14 316.24 |
|
% out of total |
40.19 |
50.63 |
62.24 |
73.27 |
63.58 |
|
4. Fish* |
726.96 |
1 120.92 |
1 260.72 |
2 094.48 |
1 298.64 |
|
% out of total |
8.07 |
7.58 |
5.85 |
4.66 |
5.77 |
|
% out of food |
13.49 |
15.36 |
15.49 |
17.45 |
15.84 |
|
4.1 Common carp |
13.80 |
6.24 |
9.12 |
4.44 |
8.40 |
|
(1.90) |
(0.55) |
(0.73) |
(0.21) |
(0.65) |
|
|
4.2 Thai silver Barb |
111.60 |
87.96 |
69.96 |
42.72 |
78.24 |
|
(15.35) |
(7.85) |
(5.55) |
(2.04) |
(6.02) |
|
|
4.3 Tilapia |
146.40 |
213.72 |
205.32 |
224.28 |
197.28 |
|
(20.14) |
(19.06) |
(16.29) |
(10.71) |
(15.19) |
|
|
4.4 Walking Catfish |
60.36 |
96.24 |
70.44 |
115.92 |
85.56 |
|
(8.31) |
(8.58) |
(5.59) |
(5.54) |
(6.59) |
|
|
4.5 Snakehead |
222.60 |
309.96 |
300.48 |
363.12 |
298.80 |
|
(30.62) |
(27.66) |
(23.83) |
(17.33) |
(23.01) |
|
|
4.6 Other FW Fish |
53.76 |
84.84 |
110.04 |
253.56 |
125.16 |
|
(7.39) |
(7.57) |
(8.72) |
(12.10) |
(9.64) |
|
|
4.7 Marine Fish |
43.20 |
168.84 |
238.44 |
592.44 |
259.92 |
|
(5.95) |
(15.06) |
(18.91) |
(28.29) |
(20.01) |
|
|
4.8 Dried Fish |
75.12 |
153.24 |
256.92 |
498.00 |
245.28 |
|
(10.34) |
(13.67) |
(20.38) |
(23.78) |
(18.89) |
|
Notes: (1) * Including Dried Fish. (2) Figures in brackets are percentage of expenditure on individual species out of fish expenditureTable 13. Prices (baht/kg) by species and sizes (pieces/kg)
|
Species |
Urban |
Rural |
All |
|||||
|
Producer |
Non-Producer |
|||||||
|
Size |
Price |
Size |
Price |
Size |
Price |
Size |
Price |
|
|
Tilapia |
3.71 |
29.56 |
4.03 |
26.24 |
3.88 |
29.08 |
3.87 |
28.47 |
|
Thai Silver Barb |
4.32 |
33.04 |
4.25 |
28.26 |
4.35 |
30.26 |
4.31 |
30.00 |
|
Common Carp |
3.08 |
35.00 |
3.39 |
33.61 |
3.22 |
38.06 |
3.28 |
35.29 |
|
Catfish |
4.25 |
30.11 |
5.17 |
28.28 |
4.96 |
28.54 |
4.83 |
28.87 |
|
Snakehead |
2.08 |
77.20 |
2.46 |
63.35 |
2.61 |
66.17 |
2.42 |
68.58 |
|
Marine Fish |
8.23 |
93.91 |
9.81 |
59.12 |
9.12 |
64.24 |
8.92 |
75.43 |
|
Other Freshwater Fish |
4.36 |
76.13 |
6.56 |
41.80 |
7.68 |
45.51 |
6.19 |
56.66 |
|
Dryfish |
- |
151.05 |
- |
71.18 |
- |
91.28 |
- |
104.79 |
|
Quarter |
Tilapia |
Thai Silver Barb |
Common Carp |
Catfish |
Snakehead |
Marine Fish |
Other Freshwater Fish |
Dryfish |
|
Price (baht/kg) |
||||||||
|
Qtr1 (Jan - Mar) |
28.84 |
29.32 |
32.50 |
30.69 |
67.59 |
92.15 |
47.09 |
115.51 |
|
Qtr2 (Apr - Jun) |
26.19 |
27.11 |
34.89 |
28.21 |
67.33 |
86.25 |
42.31 |
102.31 |
|
Qtr3 (Jul - Sep) |
25.28 |
27.22 |
35.33 |
26.22 |
63.62 |
78.92 |
35.74 |
99.13 |
|
Qtr4 (Oct - Dec) |
26.13 |
26.96 |
29.61 |
28.26 |
64.93 |
73.42 |
51.52 |
113.83 |
|
Average |
27.07 |
28.18 |
33.40 |
28.62 |
65.64 |
75.33 |
45.32 |
104.79 |
|
Size (pieces/kg) |
||||||||
|
Qtr1 (Jan - Mar) |
4.04 |
4.49 |
2.79 |
4.70 |
2.54 |
9.01 |
6.78 |
- |
|
Qtr2 (Apr - Jun) |
3.63 |
4.12 |
3.61 |
4.48 |
2.35 |
8.85 |
5.36 |
- |
|
Qtr3 (Jul - Sep) |
3.64 |
4.15 |
3.53 |
5.13 |
2.73 |
7.30 |
5.02 |
- |
|
Qtr4 (Oct - Dec) |
4.13 |
4.45 |
2.86 |
4.76 |
2.64 |
9.25 |
8.43 |
- |
|
Average |
3.85 |
4.34 |
3.20 |
4.80 |
2.65 |
8.99 |
7.06 |
- |
|
Year |
Total Quantity Sold |
Through Marine Fish Agent |
Through freshwater fish agent |
|
1984 |
9 232 |
5 542 |
3 690 |
|
1985 |
12 428 |
8 314 |
4 114 |
|
1986 |
13 955 |
9 799 |
4 156 |
|
1987 |
16 802 |
12 606 |
4 196 |
|
1988 |
19 228 |
13 164 |
6 064 |
|
1989 |
22 588 |
12 028 |
10 560 |
|
1900 |
24 238 |
10 740 |
13 498 |
|
1991 |
29 653 |
14 549 |
15 104 |
|
1992 |
31 592 |
13 354 |
18 238 |
|
1993 |
46 240 |
24 810 |
21 430 |
|
1994 |
52 099 |
38 904 |
13 195 |
|
1995 |
44 269 |
32 859 |
11 410 |
|
1996 |
44 860 |
30 991 |
13 869 |
|
1997 |
43 553 |
32 727 |
10 826 |
|
1998 |
47 010 |
38 120 |
8 890 |
|
Average Annual Change (%) |
13.3 |
18.1 |
10.0 |
SOURCE: Fish Marketing OrganizationTable 16. Marketing Margin of Selected Species
|
Items/Species |
Nile Tilapia |
Silver Barb |
Walking Catfish |
Striped Snakehead |
Striped Catfish |
||||||
|
(ß) |
(%) |
(ß) |
(%) |
(ß) |
(%) |
(ß) |
(%) |
(ß) |
(%) |
||
|
Price rec'd by retailers |
30 |
100 |
35 |
100 |
35 |
100 |
80 |
100 |
35 |
100 |
|
|
Marketing Margin |
5 |
16.7 |
7 |
20.0 |
7 |
20.0 |
10 |
12.5 |
7 |
20.0 |
|
|
|
- Retailers ' Cost |
2.11 |
7.0 |
2.11 |
6.0 |
2.11 |
6.0 |
2.11 |
2.6 |
2.11 |
6.0 |
|
- Retailers ' Profit |
2.89 |
9.7 |
4.89 |
14.0 |
4.89 |
14.0 |
7.89 |
9.9 |
4.89 |
14.0 |
|
|
Price rec'd by wholesalers |
25 |
83.3 |
28 |
80.0 |
28 |
80.0 |
70 |
87.5 |
28 |
80.0 |
|
|
Marketing Margin |
3 |
10.1 |
4 |
11.4 |
6 |
17.2 |
5 |
6.3 |
5 |
14.3 |
|
|
|
- Wholesalers ' Cost |
1.42 |
4.7 |
1.42 |
4.1 |
1.42 |
4.1 |
1.42 |
1.8 |
1.42 |
4.1 |
|
- Wholesalers 'Profit |
1.58 |
5.4 |
2.58 |
7.3 |
4.58 |
13.1 |
3.58 |
4.5 |
3.58 |
10.2 |
|
|
Price rec'd by collectors |
22 |
73.3 |
24 |
68.5 |
22 |
62.8 |
65 |
81.3 |
23 |
65.7 |
|
|
Marketing Margin |
4 |
13.3 |
6 |
17.2 |
4 |
11.4 |
5 |
6.3 |
5 |
14.3 |
|
|
|
- Collectors ' Cost |
1.21 |
4.0 |
1.21 |
3.5 |
0.98 |
2.8 |
0.84 |
1.1 |
1.21 |
3.5 |
|
- Collectors ' Profit |
2.79 |
9.3 |
4.79 |
13.7 |
3.02 |
8.6 |
4.16 |
5.2 |
3.79 |
10.8 |
|
|
|
18 |
59.9 |
18 |
51.4 |
18 |
51.4 |
60 |
75.0 |
18 |
51.4 |
|
|
Price rec'd by fish farmers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Fish Farmers Share) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Marketing Margin |
|
59.9 |
|
51.4 |
|
51.4 |
|
75.0 |
|
51.4 |
|
|
|
- Total Marketing Cost |
|
40.1 |
|
48.6 |
|
48.6 |
|
25.0 |
|
48.6 |
|
- Total Profit |
|
15.7 |
|
13.6 |
|
12.9 |
|
5.4 |
|
13.6 |
|
|
- Margin |
|
24.4 |
|
35.0 |
|
35.7 |
|
19.6 |
|
35.0 |
|
|
Year |
Nile Tilapia |
Walking Catfish |
Silver Barb |
Sepat Siam |
Striped Catfish |
Striped Snakehead |
||||||
|
Qty |
Price |
Qty |
Price |
Qty |
Price |
Qty |
Price |
Qty |
Price |
Qty |
Price |
|
|
1977 |
3 075 |
13.52 |
7 029 |
18.00 |
826 |
11.75 |
13 049 |
7.16 |
2 945 |
11.80 |
3 320 |
18.73 |
|
1978 |
3 625 |
13.09 |
7 602 |
15.60 |
1 712 |
12.44 |
17 417 |
5.81 |
3 209 |
10.36 |
2 702 |
19.70 |
|
1979 |
3 248 |
15.58 |
4 246 |
21.23 |
3 683 |
14.21 |
9 817 |
9.30 |
3 322 |
10.08 |
2 143 |
24.71 |
|
1980 |
5 115 |
14.48 |
5 512 |
21.63 |
2 932 |
17.41 |
9 532 |
10.41 |
4 211 |
13.63 |
3 883 |
25.15 |
|
1981 |
5 455 |
14.97 |
6 070 |
27.33 |
4 178 |
17.67 |
11 035 |
9.69 |
8 277 |
11.25 |
8 678 |
32.60 |
|
1982 |
7 105 |
15.90 |
3 457 |
26.96 |
4 630 |
18.64 |
13 150 |
12.05 |
7 986 |
10.39 |
5 657 |
33.92 |
|
1983 |
12 091 |
14.47 |
2 961 |
32.00 |
5 052 |
20.54 |
9 326 |
12.35 |
6 963 |
11.56 |
4 754 |
32.59 |
|
1984 |
7 953 |
14.57 |
4 599 |
29.59 |
4 914 |
19.21 |
11 781 |
12.21 |
8 174 |
10.83 |
4 863 |
33.46 |
|
1985 |
15 110 |
12.42 |
6 393 |
29.68 |
7 312 |
18.83 |
16 577 |
13.25 |
13 786 |
9.86 |
7 364 |
32.82 |
|
1986 |
18 367 |
12.00 |
15 816 |
22.64 |
8 791 |
17.79 |
16 129 |
15.08 |
12 574 |
9.86 |
5 986 |
33.86 |
|
1987 |
16 980 |
12.88 |
13 875 |
28.44 |
11 145 |
18.24 |
14 269 |
14.95 |
11 822 |
10.16 |
3 294 |
35.07 |
|
1988 |
18 810 |
13.10 |
12 551 |
31.52 |
12 973 |
18.58 |
14 901 |
15.15 |
20 353 |
9.34 |
4 041 |
34.26 |
|
1989 |
21 114 |
13.29 |
12 383 |
30.32 |
13 370 |
18.80 |
13 196 |
15.46 |
13 540 |
9.53 |
3 732 |
37.29 |
|
1990 |
22 834 |
14.35 |
17 908 |
26.87 |
14 646 |
19.10 |
12 799 |
19.27 |
13 337 |
10.83 |
3 786 |
40.24 |
|
1991 |
28 106 |
14.08 |
29 135 |
25.23 |
16 274 |
19.71 |
13 280 |
21.94 |
14 517 |
11.59 |
5 566 |
40.17 |
|
1992 |
43 935 |
13.93 |
23 775 |
24.85 |
23 840 |
20.95 |
12 959 |
22.75 |
14 176 |
14.08 |
4 715 |
38.29 |
|
1993 |
53 997 |
14.31 |
31 064 |
25.06 |
21 940 |
23.86 |
15 449 |
28.26 |
11 972 |
11.86 |
5 910 |
48.40 |
|
1994 |
55 716 |
18.01 |
34 663 |
23.90 |
27 211 |
21.85 |
19 304 |
36.01 |
8 153 |
13.21 |
5 589 |
49.57 |
|
1995 |
76 054 |
17.62 |
44 120 |
25.68 |
27 432 |
23.74 |
16 714 |
36.70 |
7 307 |
12.93 |
5 790 |
52.94 |
|
1996 |
81 547 |
16.24 |
64 372 |
35.25 |
33 150 |
33.61 |
13 816 |
40.34 |
9 758 |
15.88 |
6 292 |
60.18 |
|
1997 |
67 773 |
24.23 |
51 289 |
27.20 |
33 504 |
27.74 |
12 947 |
42.20 |
7 678 |
17.99 |
4 001 |
57.74 |
|
Average Annual Increase (%) |
|
3.76 |
|
3.46 |
|
5.03 |
|
10.36 |
|
3.00 |
|
6.22 |
SOURCE: Annual Fisheries Statistics of Thailand (Various Issues),Department of FisheriesTable 18. Annual average income (Baht) per household, 1976-1998
|
Year |
Annual average income per household |
|||||
|
Whole Kingdom |
Bangkok Metropolitan |
Central |
Northern |
Northeastern |
Southern |
|
|
1976 |
23 136 |
41 304 |
27 000 |
18 432 |
17 952 |
21 456 |
|
1981 |
40 536 |
71 664 |
43 980 |
34 632 |
30 144 |
39 072 |
|
1986 |
43 572 |
83 388 |
48 072 |
37 272 |
30 660 |
43 884 |
|
1988 |
49 272 |
94 524 |
50 640 |
40 800 |
36 804 |
47 508 |
|
1990 |
67 500 |
140 688 |
69 924 |
56 628 |
42 348 |
61 836 |
|
1992 |
84 744 |
191 412 |
82 872 |
63 060 |
54 300 |
76 596 |
|
1994 |
99 144 |
197 016 |
104 688 |
75 120 |
67 188 |
96 168 |
|
1996 |
129 348 |
263 364 |
130 884 |
99 972 |
88 656 |
118 152 |
|
1998 |
154 128 |
318 852 |
154 848 |
118 320 |
104 760 |
139 356 |
|
Annual average change (%) |
10.2 |
11.2 |
9.3 |
10.3 |
9.4 |
10.1 |
SOURCE: National Statistical OfficeTable 19. Average annual income and expenditure (baht) by region and area
|
Region and Area |
Household Size |
Average Annual Income |
Average Annual Expenditure |
|||
|
Per Household |
Per Caput |
Per Household |
Per Caput |
|||
|
Whole Kingdom |
3.7 |
129 348 |
35 206 |
110 280 |
30 016 |
|
|
Greater Bangkok1/ |
3.2 |
263 364 |
82 767 |
209 01 |
65 687 |
|
|
Central Region2/ |
3.6 |
130 884 |
36 007 |
114 120 |
31 395 |
|
|
|
Municipal Areas |
3.2 |
189 096 |
59 427 |
148 512 |
46 673 |
|
Sanitary District |
3.6 |
158 628 |
43 603 |
131 556 |
36 162 |
|
|
Villages |
3.7 |
115 068 |
31 016 |
104 556 |
28 182 |
|
|
Northern Region |
3.4 |
99 972 |
29 070 |
84 515 |
24 576 |
|
|
|
Municipal Areas |
3.2 |
205 656 |
64 917 |
154 428 |
48 746 |
|
Sanitary District |
3.3 |
113 232 |
34 334 |
91 248 |
27 668 |
|
|
Villages |
3.5 |
87 912 |
25 211 |
76 860 |
22 042 |
|
|
Northeastern Region |
4.0 |
88 656 |
22 214 |
79 932 |
20 028 |
|
|
|
Municipal Areas |
3.4 |
206 736 |
60 519 |
156 084 |
45 746 |
|
Sanitary District |
3.8 |
118 104 |
31 039 |
105 492 |
27 725 |
|
|
Villages |
4.1 |
76 848 |
18 956 |
71 652 |
17 674 |
|
|
Southern Region |
3.9 |
118 152 |
30 397 |
105 516 |
27 146 |
|
|
|
Municipal Areas |
3.3 |
184 500 |
56 336 |
153 420 |
46 846 |
|
Sanitary District |
3.6 |
159 108 |
43 868 |
134 064 |
36 963 |
|
|
Villages |
4.0 |
103 308 |
25 743 |
94 896 |
23 647 |
|
NOTES: (1) Bangkok Metropolis, Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani and Samut Prakan. (2) Excludes Bangkok Metropolis, Nonthaburi, Prtum Thani and Samut Prakan.Table 20. Average retail price (baht/kg) of selected animal protein foodSOURCE: Report of The 1996 Household Socio-Economic Survey
|
Item/Year |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
|
|
Pork |
72.45 |
77.90 |
81.07 |
84.37 (Estimated) |
|
|
Beef |
72.07 |
72.42 |
92.36 |
95.00 (Estimated) |
|
|
Chicken |
47.18 |
51.70 |
52.20 |
52.70 (Estimated) |
|
|
Marine Fish (Medium Size) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Indo-Pacific Mackerel |
38.14 |
47.53 |
48.38 |
49.07 |
|
- Indian Mackerel |
31.20 |
42.20 |
42.18 |
40.89 |
|
|
- Threadfin Breams |
35.75 |
39.20 |
41.80 |
42.59 |
|
|
- Red Snapper |
68.69 |
73.03 |
78.28 |
82.42 |
|
|
- Black Pomfret |
90.53 |
80.92 |
86.07 |
92.81 |
|
|
Freshwater fish (Medium Size) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Walking Catfish |
31.17 |
32.66 |
35.84 |
39.22 |
|
- Nile Tilapia |
n.a. |
n.a. |
n.a. |
35.85 |
|
|
- Striped Snakehead |
71.52 |
68.18 |
73.02 |
76.60 |
|
SOURCE: Department of Business Economics. Fisheries Economics Division, Department of FisheriesTable 21. General characteristics of fish farmers and fish traders
|
|
Fish Farmers* |
Fish Traders** |
|
|
Gender |
|||
|
|
Male |
95.1 |
47.4 |
|
Female |
4.9 |
52.6 |
|
|
Age |
|||
|
|
£ 40 |
24.3 |
52.6 |
|
> 40 |
75.7 |
47.4 |
|
|
Education |
|||
|
|
No Education |
1.8 |
- |
|
Elementary |
75.4 |
65.8 |
|
|
Secondary |
21.0 |
21.1 |
|
|
College/Graduate |
1.8 |
13.1 |
|
|
Experience |
|||
|
|
< 5 Years |
n.a. |
42.1 |
|
5-10 Years |
n.a. |
36.8 |
|
|
> 10 Years |
n.a. |
21.1 |
|
SOURCES:* Fisheries Economics Division (unpublished), 1999.
** From survey result in three assembly markets; FMO market, Angthong market and Banglane market, where traders are concentrated and market activity is most intense.