|
Word, acronym or phrase |
Explanation |
|
|
aimag |
Main administrative division, equivalent to province; there are eighteen aimags in Mongolia. |
MON |
|
Ajar |
Type of Gujar q.v. |
PAK |
|
AJK |
Azad Jamu and Kashmir. |
PAK |
|
alsyn nuudel |
Migration between autumn pasture and winter camping. |
MON |
|
bag |
Subdivision of a sum; it is an administrative unit of population and is not necessarily delimited geographically. |
MON |
|
bakarwals |
Transhumant herders. |
PAK |
|
barani |
Rainfed crop land. |
PAK |
|
bari (land) |
Rainfed cultivated land. |
NEP |
|
bhari |
Weight measure of produce (= 30-40 kg). |
NEP |
|
bhoosa |
Chopped straw, often wheat. |
PAK |
|
bod |
Traditional large animal livestock unit: a camel is 1.5; cattle, yaks and horses are 1; and 6 sheep or 7 goats = 1 bod (there is also a small animal unit, the bog). |
MON |
|
chang |
Beer. |
BHU |
|
chauri |
Hybrid of Bos taurusandB. grunniens. |
NEP |
|
chhurpi |
Cheese from chauri milk. |
NEP |
|
chowkidar |
Watchman. |
PAK |
|
chugo |
Smoke-dried, hard, yak cheese. |
BHU |
|
dey |
Container for measuring grain - about 1.9 kg rice. |
BHU |
|
Dzonghka |
National language of Bhutan. |
BHU |
|
dzongkhag |
District. |
BHU |
|
ERP |
Environmental Rehabilitation Project. |
PAK |
|
geog |
Administrative block of a district. |
BHU |
|
ghasni |
Grassy area. |
IND |
|
ghee |
Clarified butter. |
PAK |
|
gol |
River. |
MON |
|
Gujar |
Ethnic group of herders. |
PAK |
|
gur |
Unrefined sugar, artisanally produced. |
PAK |
|
guzara |
Communal (forests). |
PAK |
|
kacha |
Built in rammed earth; unripe; unsurfaced. |
PAK |
|
kanal |
Land measure (one twentieth of a hectare). |
PAK |
|
khair |
Acacia catechu |
BHU |
|
kharif |
Cropping season based on the monsoon. |
PAK |
|
khavarjaa |
Spring camping areas. |
MON |
|
khel |
Inheritance group. |
PAK |
|
kholyn nuudel |
Transhumant systems. |
MON |
|
khormoi |
A traditional measurement unit equal to 3-5 kg of dry or frozen materials. |
MON |
|
khot-ail |
A group of a few families that work and camp together - with or without family links. |
MON |
|
khot |
Area where herders are camped. |
MON |
|
kolkhoz |
A cooperative agricultural enterprise operated on state-owned land. |
KYR |
|
maldar |
One who gains a living from livestock. |
PAK |
|
mahlundi |
Owner of grazing rights. |
IND |
|
mithun |
Domesticated Bos gaurus. |
BHU |
|
nak |
Female of Bos grunniens. |
NEP |
|
namarjaa |
Autumn pastures. |
MON |
|
negdel |
The cooperative unit in collective times; boundaries were those of the present sums. |
MON |
|
Northern Areas |
A territory administered by Pakistan, comprising the disputed territories other than Azad Jamu and Kashmir - the former Gilgit Agency. |
PAK |
|
nothoue |
Partnership in rearing cattle. |
BHU |
|
nuudel |
Generalized term for any kind of moving of things, including livestock. |
MON |
|
NWFP |
North West Frontier Province. |
PAK |
|
otgonne |
Herding movement to find better feed - similar to Mongolian otor. |
KYR |
|
otor |
Herding movement, often to distant pasture, to find better feed. |
MON |
|
pan |
Betel leaf. |
BHU |
|
panchyat |
Lowest level of local administration. |
IND |
|
PFI |
Pakistan Forest Institute. |
PAK |
|
philu |
Cream skimmed from milk before churning. |
BHU |
|
pukka |
Of a house: in stone or baked brick. |
PAK |
|
pulhals |
Hired herders. |
IND |
|
qalang |
A traditional system of rent for grazing. |
PAK |
|
rabi season |
Autumn-sown, spring-harvested cropping season. |
PAK |
|
radhari |
Check points for levy of forest grazing fees. |
IND |
|
RNRRC |
Renewable Natural Resources Research Centre. |
BHU |
|
ropani |
Land measure. |
NEP |
|
sovkhoz |
State-operated agricultural estate, organized on industrial lines. |
KYR |
|
sum |
Subdivision of aimag (= district). |
MON |
|
tachu |
Sun- or air-dried yak cheese. |
BHU |
|
tahsil |
Administrative unit - below district. |
PAK |
|
tamang |
Ethnic group. |
NEP |
|
tenzou |
Offering an animal to local deities without slaughter. |
BHU |
|
thunse |
Bamboo basket. |
NEP |
|
tsadrog |
Registered grazing land. |
BHU |
|
tsesa |
Household plot. |
BHU |
|
tsethar |
Animal saved from slaughter. |
BHU |
|
uvuljuu |
Winter camping and grazing sites. |
MON |
|
WAPDA |
Water and Power Development Authority |
PAK |
|
warisi |
Hereditary grazing rights of Gaddis. |
IND |
|
yak |
Male of Bos grunniens. |
NEP |
|
zamindar |
Land owner. |
PAK |
|
zo |
Yak × cow hybrid. |
CPR |
|
zud |
Term covering various types of weather-related disaster - associated with winter precipitation, usually too much or too little snow. |
MON |
|
zuslan |
Summer camping areas. |
MON |
Key to UNDP Country Codes:
|
BHU |
= Bhutan |
|
CPR |
= People’s Republic of China |
|
IND |
= India |
|
KYR |
= Kyrgyzstan |
|
MON |
= Mongolia |
|
NEP |
= Nepal |
|
PAK |
= Pakistan |
