22.1 Cooperative laws in: Bangladesh (Rule 128), India (Article 740), Sri Lanka (Article 82), Fiji (Article 115), and Nepal (Rule 47) hold specific provisions for settlement of disputes between a cooperative and its members, except disciplinary action against staff. These provisions are found in all countries where cooperative laws are based on the British model and therefore do not find reference in Indonesia, Philippines, Japan and South Korea, which on German and Dutch models. In Fiji, the disputes are referred to either the Registrar or a cooperative tribunal (section 116). This provision saves long and expensive litigation. To avoid litigation with business associates, who are neither shareholders nor entitled to membership, associates are allowed to nominal membership with a small membership fee. This saves cooperatives from court processes even with their business partners. Countries with no such provisions, like Indonesia, Philippines, Korea and Japan, may consider including similar provisions in their law.
