8 Table T8 - Disturbances affecting health and vitality

8.1 FRA 2005 Categories and definitions

Category	Definition
Disturbance by fire	Disturbance caused by wildfire, independently whether it broke out inside or outside the forest/OWL.
Disturbance by insects	Disturbance caused by insect pests that are detrimental to tree health.
Disturbance by diseases	Disturbance caused by diseases attributable to pathogens, such as a bacteria, fungi, phytoplasma or virus.
Other disturbance	Disturbance caused by other factors than fire, insects or diseases.

8.2 National data

8.2.1 Data sources

References to sources of information	Quality (H/M/L)	Variable(s)	Year(s)	Additional comments
UNECE-FAO. 2000. Forest Resources of Europe, CIS, North America, Australia, Japan and New Zealand.	M	Disturbances by insects; Disturbances by diseases	1995
Corpo forestale dello Stato (www.corpoforestale.it/aib/archivio/anno2000/page8.html )	H	Disturbances by fires	1990, 2000

8.2.2 Classification and definitions

According to the Italian Forest Service (Corpo Forestale), forest fires are those fires that cover forest areas, completely or partially, excluding those fires occurring on agricultural or bare lands.

8.2.3 Original data

Forest fires	Surface (ha)
1990	98 410
2000	58 234

Source: website Corpo forestale delle Stato

Forest Area (000 ha)	Forest Area damaged by
	Insect and disease	Wildlife and grazing	Storm, wind, snow and other identifiable abiotic factors	Tot damaged
	66	6	17.5	89.5

Source: UNECE-FAO 2000

8.3 Analysis and processing of national data

8.3.1 Estimation and forecasting

Data at national level was fragmented and due to differences on the type of damages detected, it was not possible to compare them with the other data available.

Data coming from the TBFRA Main Report were used for 2000.

Estimation was not necessary for forest fires, because the Forest Service already provided data for 1990 and 2000.

8.4 Reclassification into FRA 2005 classes

National Classes	Percentage of a National Class belonging to a FRA Class
	Disturbance by fire	Disturbance by insects	Disturbance by diseases	Other disturbance
Percentage	%	%	%	%
Insect and disease11		50	50
Wildlife and grazing				100
Storm, wind, snow and other identifiable abiotic factors				100

Source: UNECE-FAO 2000

National Classes	Percentage of a National Class belonging to a FRA Class
	Disturbance by fire	Disturbance by insects	Disturbance by diseases	Other disturbances
Forest fires	100

Source: Corpo forestale delle Stato

8.5 Data for National reporting table T8

Table: Input for Global Reporting Table

	Average annual area affected (1000 hectares)
FRA-2005 category	Forest		Other wooded land
	1990	2000	1990	2000
Disturbance by fire	98	58
Disturbance by insects		66
Disturbance by diseases
Other disturbance		23.5

8.6 Comments to National reporting table T8

¹¹ The original source does not distinguish between insects and other diseases