60
SHEEP AND GOATS IN TURKEY
| FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND PROTECTION PAPER 60 SHEEP AND GOATS IN TURKEY |
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OFTHE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, © FAO 1986
by
B.C. Yalçin
The designations employd and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture rganization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of and country. territory, city or area or of its authorities. or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
M-21
ISBN 92-5-102449-9
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author is qratefuL to the heads of Animal Husbandry Departments of the veterinary and agriculturaL faculties of different universities in the country and to the directors of related research institutes for providing reprints and other published material, to Mrs. S. Yatcin fordrawing the figures, and to Mrs. Tuzkaya for typing the manuscript.
FOREWORD
The 65.5 million sheep and goats in Turkey constitute the largest national herd in the Near East region.At present, they cortribute 43 percent to the total, meat and 33 oercent to the total milk produced in the country.The meat produeed from sheep and goats in 1984 was 56 percent higher than that fromcattle and buffaloes. Apart from meeting the domestic demand, the 1984 foreign exchange earning from the export of live sheep, goats, their meat and mohair amounted to about US$ 360 million. In addition some 76 thousand tons of skins produced in 1984 constituted a major part of the raw materialfor the leather industry.
The growing opportunities for the export of live sheep and mutton demand intensification of production together with the streamlining of marketing System.Research and demonstration of improved Systems are bas ic elements of the development requirements in this regard. It was felt that a concise review was needed of the available resources, the present production Systems and the research currently being carried out in the country.
At FAO's request, Dr.B.C. Yalçin, Head, Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Istanbut, prepared a comprehensive reviewwhich is presented here as an FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. The paper is one of a series of reviens that is being published by the Near East Regional Cooperative Network on SmallRuminants Research and Development for each participating country.
Following is the list of publications of the Near East Regional Cooperative Network on Small Ruminants Research and Development.
Sheep and Goats in Turkey (Yalçin). Animal Production and Health Paper No.1986. (English)
AbdulWahab
Qureshi
Near
East Regional Animal Production and Health Officer
Animal Production and Health
Division, Rome
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3. FOOD RESOURCES, PRODUCTION SYTEMS AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
3.3. General Nutrition and Management Practices
4.1. Sheep and Goat Populations and their Distributions
4.2. Sheep and Goat Production
6. RESEARCH ON SHEEP AND GOAT PRODUCTION
6.1. Research on Sheep Production
6.1.2. Improvement Through Purebreeding and Selection
6.1.3. Improvement Through Crossbreeding
6.2. Research on Goat Production
6.2.1. Research on Angora Goats
6.2.2. Research Involving Hair Goats and Milk Breeds
6.3. Problems and Future Research Requirements
LIST OF TABLES
Table 4.1. Sheep and goat numbers in different years
Table 4.2. Composition of sheep population in relation to breeds
Table 4.3. Annual production of sheep and goat meat in Turkey
Table 4.4. Annual production of sheep and goat milk in Turkey
Table 4.5. Annual production of wool , mohair, hair and fresh skins
Table 4.6. Exports of the main sheep and goat products from Turkey
Table 6.1. Mean values for the primary reproductive characteristics of different sheep breeds in Turkey
Table 6.2. Performance of maie Kivirciklambs under different rearing and fattening regimes
Table 6.3. Comparative fattening performances of Kivircik and Merino lambs
Table 6.4. Growth performances of White Karaman and Red Karaman lambs.
Table 6.5. Fattening performances of Dağliç, White Karaman and Kivircik lambs
Table 6.6. Mean values for body weight, lactation milk yield and greasy fleece weight of ewes of different native breeds under relatïvely good conditions
Table 6.7. Mean numbers of skin follicles in different sheep breeds of Turkey
Table 6.8. Estimates of repeat.ability and heritabilityfor different production traits of sheep breeds in Turkey
Table 6.9. Production performances of Merino, Red Karaman and their cresses
Table 6.10. Least squares means for production traits of Ile ce France, White Karaman and their crosses
Table 6.11. Crowth rate and carcass quality of lambs in two-way and three-way crossbreeding involving the Dağliç breed
Table 6.12. Least squares means for production characteristics of American Rambouillet, Dğgliç and their crosses
Table 6.13. Results of East Friesian x Kivircik crossbreeding
Table 6.14. Results of Texel x Kivircik crossbreeding experiment
Table 6.15. Repeatabilities and heritabilities of various production traits of Angora goats
Table 6.16. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations among various traits of Angora goats
Table 6.17. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between skin follicle characteristics and mohair traits
Table 6.18. Mean lactation milk yield and lactation length in pure and crossbred groups of goats
LIST OF PLATES
Plate 1. White Karaman ewe (Kangal type)
Plate 11. Karayaka ram (Karagöz type)
Plate 12. Karayaka ewe (Karagöz type)
Plate 13. Karacabey Merino ram
Plate 14. Central Anatolian ewe
Plate 15. Gökçeada (Imroz) ewe
Plate 17. Sakiz ewe with quintuplet lambs
Plate 24. Ramlîç flock at Çifteler
Plate 27. Angora goat flock at Çifteler
Plate 30. Gürcü goat (buck and doe)