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1. Mr Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, I have the pleasure to report to you on the Round Table on Water for Agriculture in Africa, the Near East and the Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) that took place on Tuesday 22 November between 9:30 and 17:30. It gathered 160 participants, representing 56 delegations, including 22 Ministers.
   
2. In his introductory statement, the Director-General of FAO highlighted the crucial role of water control to enable increases in agricultural production, and identified the necessary actions in the short, medium and long-term, including small-scale local water control, rehabilitation of large-scale irrigation systems and transboundary water management. He referred to the FAO Special Programme on Food Security, which focuses on local actions and in which water management features prominently.
   
3. Participants from the Near East emphasised the fact that water scarcity is the main challenge for their region. There is, therefore, a need to adopt approaches to ensure that all actors involved in rural development are included in the process to move towards integrated water management. In particular, they stressed the need to develop tools for water quality management, the re-use of treated waste water, options for desalinisation of low quality water for agriculture, increased knowledge-sharing among the countries of the region, and transboundary cooperation at the basin level. Above all, participants stressed the importance of increased water use efficiency and productivity in agriculture. Water harvesting was also mentioned as an important element for agricultural and rural development strategies.
   
4. With regard to the situation in the Small Island Developing States, participants identified vulnerability as a common element among all SIDS. Vulnerability may stem from small population size, limited natural resource base, fragile ecosystems, and limited human and institutional capacities. Among the main strategies to respond to increasing pressure on water resources, participants highlighted the need for an integrated approach to planning and development of water resources, seeking mutually-supportive arrangements between the different water use sectors, including agriculture and tourism. They also discussed the need for best practices for agricultural water use; empowerment of users as the managers of the resource, including community participation and training of water users; public-private sector linkages, to address in particular the need for investments; small-scale water storage through rainwater harvesting and groundwater management to reduce the vulnerability.
   
5. The afternoon session focussed on water management for poverty alleviation and discussed the situation in Africa. Participants underscored the critical and multifunctional role of water in agriculture in ensuring food security, human health and economic development for a growing population.
   
6. There is plenty of scope for up-scaling of successful small-scale interventions to address local demands and the needs of poor rural populations, but this requires appropriate technology choices and credit models. On the other hand, large-scale commercialised irrigation is also necessary to meet the growing food demand of urban dwellers. When large-scale irrigation systems embrace fundamental modernisation reforms, productivity increases and the sustainability of the investments is secured. Yet, the scope for improved water control in Africa is wide, but unit costs remain too high. Secured land tenure was stressed as a key factor in increasing productivity and encouraging private investments in irrigation.
   
7. Achieving a strategic balance between rainfed and irrigated production will also be important since rainfed and pastoral systems still provide the bulk of food production.
   
8. The role of government as a regulator as opposed to an operator has been emphasised. External trading links and public/private ventures will be an important element of strategies to increase domestic production. In this regard, a lowering of trade barriers would go a long way in enhancing the livelihood of African farmers.
   
9. Financing of rehabilitation and new development will be essential to sustain the required levels of water control in agriculture, but have huge budgetary implications. The role of the African Union and of the Comprehensive African Agriculture Development Plan (CAADP) of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) will be key in addressing some of the evident financing gaps in water control and related rural infrastructure.
   
10. Finally, the participants called upon FAO to better reflect the importance of water for agriculture in its programmes and to reinforce its technical support to Member Nations in addressing the issues of water management for agriculture.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (“FAO”) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”), referred to in this Agreement jointly as “the organizations,”

Desiring to establish a mutually supportive relationship between them, and with a view to establishing appropriate arrangements for cooperation between them,

Agree as follows:

ARTICLE I
Representation

1. Each organization shall invite the other organization to participate, without the right to vote, in the deliberations of its governing bodies and of other bodies where matters of particular concern to the other organization are considered, and in which it has indicated that it has an interest. Representatives of the organization so invited shall be afforded full opportunity to present its views on matters within the scope of its activities and mandate.

2. In this context, and subject to such arrangements as may be necessary to safeguard confidential matters, the organizations shall cooperate in the preparation of official documents, by making available drafts of the relevant documents, and providing technical advice and input, where appropriate and feasible.

ARTICLE II
Exchange of Information

1. The organizations shall regularly exchange information regarding their relevant activities and positions.

2. Each organization shall inform its Members of relevant activities of the other organization or, as appropriate, provide an opportunity for the other organization to do so.

3. The organizations shall keep each other informed of their relevant activities and positions in other organizations and forums and, as far as possible, coordinate their positions.

ARTICLE III
Fields of Cooperation

Cooperation under this Agreement may include:

(a) The development of joint activities to address issues of mutual relevance, including coordinating and conducting joint studies and joint seminars and workshops, including on public policy options relating to the interaction between intellectual property and the food and agriculture sector;

(b) Where appropriate, the coordination of databases, and the provision of access through their websites to the relevant information systems of the other organization and, where appropriate, the coordinated development of such information systems;

(c) The provision of relevant technical information and input to support the work of the other organization, including in response to requests from that organization’s Members;

(d) Where appropriate, collaboration in providing technical assistance, including capacity building, to developing countries and countries with economies in transition;

(e) Cooperation of work on such matters where intellectual property rights may intersect aspects of:

- Farmers’ Rights and traditional knowledge;

- Agricultural biotechnology;

- Genetic resources for food and agriculture;

- Promotion of innovation and the effective capture of benefits from public investment in research;

- Access to, and transfer of, technology in the food and agriculture sector;

- Plant protection and production;

- Use of distinctive signs in the food and agriculture sector;

- Ethical issues in food and agriculture;

- Information and analysis on patterns and trends of intellectual property use in the food and agriculture sector;

- Creation,development and dissemination of agricultural information and data, particularly on the Internet and on CD-ROM.

(f) Technical cooperation, as appropriate, on issues relevant to international instruments under the aegis of the two organizations, including:

- the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture;

- the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade;

- the International Plant Protection Convention;

- the Codex Alimentarius;

- the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property;

- the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro-organisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure;

- the Patent Cooperation Treaty;

- the Patent Law Treaty;

- other relevant policy documents developed or administered by the organizations which address matters of mutual interest.

ARTICLE IV
Joint programmes of work

1. In order to promote cooperation within the context of this Agreement, and in order to develop joint activities to address issues of mutual relevance, either the FAO or WIPO may propose joint projects aimed at specific objects of cooperation. Such joint programmes of work shall specify the respective responsibilities and financial obligations of the FAO and WIPO, and specify any other sources of funds, as well as staffing responsibilities. In implementing such joint programmes of work, the FAO and WIPO may jointly agree on cooperation with other organizations and agencies, including funding agencies.

2. If agreed between the Parties, such joint programmes of work may be dated and numbered serially, signed by both organizations and regarded as annexes to this Agreement.

3. Such joint programmes of work may be modified by the written mutual consent of the FAO and WIPO.

4. Where necessary within the context of agreed joint activities or programmes of work, either organization may second staff to the other organization, and make other administrative arrangements.

ARTICLE V
Financial implications

1. Any minor and ordinary expenditure relating to the implementation of this Agreement shall be borne by the respective organization.

2. If the cooperation proposed by one of the organizations to the other in accordance with this Agreement entails expenditure beyond minor and ordinary expenditures, the two organizations shall consult to determine the availability of the resources required, the most equitable way of meeting such expenditure and, if resources are not available, the most appropriate ways to obtain the necessary resources. If necessary and if agreed by the two organizations, they may jointly seek financial resources from donor institutions for their cooperation activities and joint programmes of work.

ARTICLE VI
Implementation of this Agreement

The Director-General of the FAO and the Director-General of WIPO may make the arrangements necessary for ensuring satisfactory implementation of this Agreement.

ARTICLE VII
Modification of the Agreement

Subject to the provisions of Article X below, this Agreement may be modified by the written mutual consent of the organizations.

ARTICLE VIII
Termination

Either organization may terminate this Agreement, subject to six months’ written notice. Termination shall not affect obligations previously entered into specifically for the conduct of joint programmes of work implemented under Article IV of this Agreement.

ARTICLE IX
Agreements with other Organizations

This Agreement is without prejudice to agreements concluded by either FAO or WIPO with other organizations or programmes within the United Nations System.

ARTICLE X
Entry into Force

This Agreement and any modification thereto shall enter into force once the pertinent constitutional processes of both organizations have been completed.

ARTICLE 1

The Codex Alimentarius Commission shall, subject to Article 5 below, be responsible for making proposals to, and shall be consulted by, the Directors-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on all matters pertaining to the implementation of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, the purpose of which is:

(a) protecting the health of the consumers and ensuring fair practices in the food trade;

(b) promoting coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international governmental and non governmental organizations;

(c) determining priorities and initiating and guiding the preparation of draft standards through and with the aid of appropriate organizations;

(d) finalizing standards elaborated under (c) above and publishing them in a Codex Alimentarius either as regional or world wide standards, together with international standards already finalized by other bodies under (b) above, wherever this is practicable;

(e) amending published standards, as appropriate, in the light of developments.

	Scale	Scale
Member Nations	2006-7 37	2004-5 38	2003 2
	%	%	%
Afghanistan	0.002	0.00904	0.00905
Albania	0.005	0.00301	0.00302
Algeria	0.078	0.07034	0.07039
Angola	0.001	0.00201	0.00201
Antigua and Barbuda	0.003	0.00201	0.00201
Argentina	0.975	1.15460	1.15543
Armenia	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Australia	1.624	1.63493	1.63611
Austria	0.876	0.95161	0.95230
Azerbaijan	0.005	0.00402	0.00402
Bahamas	0.013	0.01206	0.01207
Bahrain	0.031	0.01809	0.01810
Bangladesh	0.010	0.01005	0.01006
Barbados	0.010	0.00904	0.00905
Belarus	0.018
Belgium	1.090	1.13450	1.13532
Belize	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Benin	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Bhutan	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Bolivia	0.009	0.00804	0.00805
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.003	0.00402	0.00402
Botswana	0.012	0.01005	0.01006
Brazil	1.554	2.40165	2.40338
Bulgaria	0.017	0.01306	0.01307
Burkina Faso	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Burundi	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Cambodia	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Cameroon	0.008	0.00904	0.00905
Canada	2.869	2.57046	2.57232
Cape Verde	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Central African Republic	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Chad	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Chile	0.228	0.21303	0.21319
China	2.094	1.53947	1.54058
Colombia	0.158	0.20198	0.20213
Comoros	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Congo	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Cook Islands	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Costa Rica	0.031	0.02010	0.02011
Côte d'Ivoire	0.010	0.00904	0.00905
Croatia	0.038	0.03919	0.03922
Cuba	0.044	0.03015	0.03017
Cyprus	0.040	0.03819	0.03821
Czech Republic	0.187	0.20399	0.20414
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea	0.010	0.00904	0.00905
Democratic Republic of the Congo	0.003	0.00402	0.00402
Denmark	0.732	0.75265	0.75319
Djibouti	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Dominica	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Dominican Republic	0.036	0.02311	0.02313
Ecuador	0.019	0.02512	0.02514
Egypt	0.122	0.08140	0.08145
El Salvador	0.023	0.01809	0.01810
Equatorial Guinea	0.002	0.00100	0.00100
Eritrea	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Estonia	0.012	0.01005	0.01006
Ethiopia	0.004	0.00402	0.00402
Fiji	0.004	0.00402	0.00402
Finland	0.544	0.52454	0.52492
France	6.151	6.49751	6.50220
Gabon	0.009	0.01407	0.01408
Gambia	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Georgia	0.003	0.00502	0.00503
Germany	8.835	9.81660	9.82369
Ghana	0.004	0.00502	0.00503
Greece	0.541	0.54163	0.54202
Grenada	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Guatemala	0.031	0.02713	0.02715
Guinea	0.003	0.00301	0.00302
Guinea-Bissau	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Guyana	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Haiti	0.003	0.00201	0.00201
Honduras	0.005	0.00502	0.00503
Hungary	0.129	0.12059	0.12067
Iceland	0.035	0.03316	0.03318
India	0.430	0.34266	0.34291
Indonesia	0.145	0.20098	0.20112
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	0.160	0.27333	0.27352
Iraq	0.016	0.13666	0.13676
Ireland	0.357	0.29543	0.29565
Israel	0.476	0.41702	0.41732
Italy	4.983	5.08943	5.09310
Jamaica	0.008	0.00402	0.00402
Japan	19.858	19.61084	19.62501
Jordan	0.011	0.00804	0.00805
Kazakhstan	0.026	0.02814	0.02816
Kenya	0.009	0.00804	0.00805
Kiribati	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Kuwait	0.165	0.14772	0.14782
Kyrgyzstan	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Lao People’s Democratic Republic	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Latvia	0.015	0.01005	0.01006
Lebanon	0.025	0.01206	0.01207
Lesotho	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Liberia	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	0.135	0.06733	0.06738
Lithuania	0.025	0.01708	0.01710
Luxembourg	0.079	0.08039	0.08045
Madagascar	0.003	0.00301	0.00302
Malawi	0.001	0.00201	0.00201
Malaysia	0.207	0.23615	0.23632
Maldives	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Mali	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Malta	0.014	0.01507	0.01508
Marshall Islands	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Mauritania	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Mauritius	0.011	0.01105	0.01106
Mexico	1.921	1.09129	1.09208
Micronesia (Federated States of)	0.001	0.00100
Monaco	0.003	0.00402	0.00402
Mongolia	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Morocco	0.048	0.04421	0.04425
Mozambique	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Myanmar	0.010	0.01005	0.01006
Namibia	0.006	0.00703	0.00704
Nauru	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Nepal	0.004	0.00402	0.00402
Netherlands	1.724	1.74647	1.74773
New Zealand	0.226	0.24217	0.24235
Nicaragua	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Niger	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Nigeria	0.043	0.06833	0.06838
Niue	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Norway	0.693	0.64915	0.64962
Oman	0.071	0.06130	0.06134
Pakistan	0.056	0.06130	0.06134
Palau	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Panama	0.019	0.01809	0.01810
Papua New Guinea	0.003	0.00603	0.00603
Paraguay	0.012	0.01608	0.01609
Peru	0.094	0.11858	0.11866
Philippines	0.097	0.10049	0.10056
Poland	0.470	0.37984	0.38012
Portugal	0.479	0.46425	0.46459
Qatar	0.065	0.03417	0.03419
Republic of Korea	1.832	1.86002	1.86136
Republic of Moldova	0.001	0.00201	0.00201
Romania	0.061	0.05828	0.05832
Rwanda	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Saint Lucia	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Samoa	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
San Marino	0.003	0.00201	0.00201
Sao Tome and Principe	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Saudi Arabia	0.727	0.55670	0.55710
Senegal	0.005	0.00502	0.00503
Serbia and Montenegro	0.019	0.02010	0.02011
Seychelles	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Sierra Leone	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Slovakia	0.052	0.04321	0.04324
Slovenia	0.084	0.08140	0.08145
Solomon Islands	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Somalia	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
South Africa	0.298	0.40999	0.41028
Spain	2.571	2.53102	2.53285
Sri Lanka	0.017	0.01608	0.01609
Sudan	0.008	0.00603	0.00603
Suriname	0.001	0.00201	0.00201
Swaziland	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Sweden	1.018	1.03175	1.03250
Switzerland	1.221	1.28021	1.28113
Syrian Arab Republic	0.039	0.08039	0.08045
Tajikistan	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Thailand	0.213	0.29543	0.29565
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	0.006	0.00603	0.00603
Timor Leste	0.001	0.00100
Togo	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Tonga	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Trinidad and Tobago	0.023	0.01608	0.01609
Tunisia	0.033	0.03015	0.03017
Turkey	0.380	0.44214	0.44246
Turkmenistan	0.005	0.00301	0.00302
Tuvalu	0.001	0.00100
Uganda	0.006	0.00502	0.00503
Ukraine	0.040	0.05326
United Arab Emirates	0.240	0.20298	0.20313
United Kingdom	6.250	5.56298	5.56699
United Republic ofTanzania	0.006	0.00402	0.00402
United States of America	22.000	22.00000	22.00000
Uruguay	0.049	0.08039	0.08045
Uzbekistan	0.014	0.01105	0.01106
Vanuatu	0.001	0.00100	0.00100
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	0.174	0.20901	0.20916
Viet Nam	0.021	0.01608	0.01609
Yemen	0.006	0.00603	0.00603
Zambia	0.002	0.00201	0.00201
Zimbabwe	0.007	0.00804	0.00805
	100.000	100.00000	100.00000

We, Representatives of the Member Nations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), gathered in Rome at the 33rd Session of the FAO Conference,

Declare

1. That this the 60^th year of the founding of the United Nations and of FAO constitutes a milestone that serves to reaffirm our belief in the multilateral system which resulted from the free will of the people of the world meeting in San Francisco and Quebec City, respectively, in 1945. FAO was born, as was the United Nations itself, of the determination to create a better world in peace.

2. We reaffirm the mandate of FAO, the first United Nations Specialized Agency, and the far-sighted vision of its founders, captured in the Preamble to the Constitution, which commits all Members to take separate and collective action for the purpose of “contributing towards an expanding world economy and ensuring humanity’s freedom from hunger”.

3. We reaffirm that FAO’s work to promote rural development and achieve food security is integral to our efforts to attain sustainable development in its social, economic and environmental aspects, within the overarching framework of United Nations System activities. Rural and agricultural development should be an integral part of national and international development policies.

4. In this year when we celebrate the 60th Anniversary, we CALL ON FAO to redouble its efforts to translate the vision of its founders into further actions to ensure humanity’s freedom from poverty and hunger in ways that strengthen sustainable development and conserve the world’s critical resources for future generations.

5. We INVITE FAO, its Members and all institutions and persons who subscribe to this vision to:

• Take further concrete actions to eradicate hunger in the world, beginning by meeting the target of the World Food Summit and the Millennium Development Goal to reduce hunger in the world by half by 2015, in line with the concept of the Progressive Realisation of the Right to Adequate Food.
• Promote healthy and environmentally-sustainable food production and consumption patterns that provide for adequate and wholesome nutrition, avoiding shortages, excesses and waste, acknowledging national sovereignty and respecting indigenous knowledge and internationally-recognized human rights.
• Promote the adoption of national and international policies, including those governing trade between countries, to enhance global, national and household food security.
• Accelerate processes of science-based innovation and facilitate transfer of technologies on mutually agreed terms in order to raise agricultural output in developing countries to meet expanding world food needs while contributing to development and poverty reduction and minimising environmental stresses resulting from food production, processing and distribution.
• Promote international cooperation, including South-South cooperation, recognizing that the mobilization of financial resources for development and the effective use of those resources in developing countries and countries with economies in transition are central to a global partnership for development in support of the achievement of the internationally-agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals.
• Encourage current efforts to identify innovative financing mechanisms from public, private, domestic and external sources that can play an important role to increase and supplement traditional sources of financing for development.
• Ensure the sustainable and responsible management of soils, water, forests, fishery resources and biodiversity in order to enhance, optimize and maintain their social, economic and environmental functions and benefits.
• Promote adequate investment in agriculture, fisheries, forestry and other renewable natural resources as well as the safety of food, including in the creation, as appropriate, and implementation of international conventions and codes of conduct, with the aim of guiding development so that it benefits all humankind and minimises the risks of conflict.

We urge all Nations, International Organisations and Civil Society to join FAO and its partners in an alliance to ensure that humanity can enjoy freedom from hunger.

³⁷ Derived directly from the UN Scale of Assessments for 2004-2006 as adopted by General Assembly Resolution 58/1B of 23 December 2003.

³⁸ Derived directly from the UN Scale of Assessments for 2001-2003 as adopted by General Assembly Resolution 55/5B of 22 December 2000.