FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPER 98 Small-scale poultry processing CONTENTS

by
D. Silverside
M. Jones

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

M-24
ISBN 92-5-103145-2

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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1992
© FAO

FOREWORD

Poultry production is big business throughout the world. It has become a standard form of cheap protein. It is also a highly competitive industry and feed suppliers, producers, processors, manufacturers of equipment etc have all appreciated the economies of scale and gone on to develop bigger and more automated systems of operation than ever before to supply an insatiable market.

The production of poultry on a small scale is very important in less developed countries, particularly in places some way from the main commercial and industrial centres. There continues to be a need for small scale processing facilities. Unfortunately many manufacturers of small scale equipment have not survived with the march of time and commercial developments. This book has been written however, to show that it is still possible to establish a small operation with the appropriate equipment and facilities.

Slaughter of poultry in suitable surroundings by hygenic methods is essential for the production of wholesome meat, extension of the shelf life of the product, reduction of post harvest losses and protection of public health. This book addresses these issues and hopes to persuade the producer of poultry on a small scale that it is worthwhile to establish the proper facilities.

The book is divided into five parts. The first puts poultry into context by giving a general background and description of poultry production and processing throughout the world. The second chapter outlines the general principles of planning, economics, design and construction of small scale poultry processing plants. The concept of the three models is developed and plant layout and construction details, including that of effluent treatment are given. The third chapter describes how it is intended that these models are to be operated. It covers most aspects of poultry production from transport of the live bird to the factory, to the dispatch of packed poultry to the market. Chapter four is devoted to health, hygiene and routine maintenance. These three subjects are put together to emphasise the routine nature of these important aspects of food production. It gives some emphasis to the microbiology of production systems but leaves the veterinary aspects of poultry health to the veterinarian. A schedule of activities is given in the hope that the production of clean, wholesome poultry in a clean factory will be assured with minimal delay in operation. The final chapter discusses the theory of marketing and offers some advice on the importance of planning a proper strategy. It should give an introduction to market development.

The reader is advised to seek comprehensive advice if he wishes to build new facilities or redesign existing buildings. The book is but a guide-line to poultry processing and cannot be written with every circumstance in mind. Nevertheless it has a tropical flavour and attempts to be realistic in its approach to the tropical situation.

Acknowledgements

Some of the information presented in this book stems from the publications listed in the Further Reading section to which the reader is directed.

The authors also acknowledge gratefully the contributions made by the companies, Poultryman Machines, Botley (Southampton/UK) for drawings on pages 16, 40, 41, 44–49, 51, 53–57 and 100–104, Cope and Cope, Reading/UK for the drawings on page 43, and the British Chicken Information Service, London, for photographs 1–10 in Annex 6 “Poultry Portioning”, as well as Ernest West & Benyon, Bromley (Kent/UK) and Environmental Engineering, Spalding (Lincolnshire/UK) for their contributions on refrigeration and effluent treatment equipment.

Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.

CONTENTS