Manual on meat inspection for developing countries

APPENDIX 1

**Table 1. Buffalo population ('000s) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	880	974	1100	2.2
Indonesia	2488	3245	3500	3.8
Laos	879	974	1100	2.2
Malaysia	262	223	190	-2.9
Myanmar	1969	2143	2080	0.4
Phillippines	2850	2983	2710	-0.6
Thailand	6120	6250	4743	-2.9
Vietnam	2316	2546	2929	2.4
Total	17292	18987	18011	0.3
As % of world population	14.1	13.7	13.2	1.3

**Table 2. Cattle population ('000s) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	956	1560	1950	8.6
Indonesia	6516	9526	10350	3.5
Laos	455	576	865	7.5
Malaysia	558	618	658	1.9
Myanmar	8857	9718	9310	0.4
Phillippines	1940	1786	1677	-1.8
Thailand	4469	4829	6052	2.6
Vietnam	1664	2418	3282	7.5
Total	25414	31032	34343	2.7
As % of world population	2.1	2.4	2.7	0.4

**Table 3. Goat population ('000s) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Indonesia	7790	9630	11300	4.0
Laos	54	67	143	10.6
Malaysia	360	336	315	-0.8
Myanmar	769	1195	1040	1.9
Phillippines	1696	2191	2107	1.8
Thailand	38	81	140	11.7
Vietnam	173	300	450	10.6
Total	10879	13780	15495	3.6
As % of world population	2.4	2.8	3.0	1.7

**Table 4. Sheep population ('000s) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Indonesia	4177	4890	5750	3.8
Malaysia	67	79	200	15.4
Myanmar	250	332	280	0.4
Phillippines	30	30	30	0.0
Thailand	21	58	178	25.6
Total	4545	5389	6438	4.1
As % of world population	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7

**Table 5. Poultry population (millions) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	3.5	5.8	7.7	8.4
Indonesia	185.6	331.2	590.0	12.5
Laos	5.6	7.8	8.0	3.3
Malaysia	52.0	95.0	148.0	12.4
Myanmar	27.2	32.7	24.0	-2.0
Phillippines	57.7	52.4	65.5	1.3
Thailand	63.2	80.8	114.4	5.3
Vietnam	51.1	63.5	81.5	4.9
Total	445.9	6670.1	1039.1	9.1
As % of world population	6.3	6.8	10.3	4.4

**Table 6. Duck population ('000s) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	1620	2500	3500	8.7
Indonesia	22426	23870	29500	2.1
Laos	220	260	310	3.4
Malaysia	1450	3650	5000	12.4
Myanmar	4559	6110	3566	-4.1
Phillippines	4783	5284	8268	5.0
Thailand	13387	14779	17300	2.7
Vietnam	23400	30000	28600	2.4
Total	71839	86463	96044	2.8
As % of world population	18.0	16.8	17.9	3.8

**Table 7. Pig population ('000s) 1981&ndash1991 (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1981	1985	1991	Average annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	260	1205	1610	16.6
Indonesia	3364	5560	6800	8.1
Laos	1176	1434	1390	1.2
Malaysia	2086	2111	2400	2.0
Myanmar	2196	3059	2250	1.1
Phillippines	7758	7304	8007	0.2
Thailand	3616	4224	5000	2.7
Vietnam	10001	11760	12583	2.0
Total	30891	36555	40039	2.6
As % of world population	4.0	4.4	4.8	1.1

APPENDIX 2

**Table 1. Meat and milk production by country in South-East Asia ('000 tonnes) (FAO, 1991)**
Category	Cambodia	Indonesia	Laos	Malaysia	Myanmar	Phillippines	Thailand	Vietnam	Total	Annual growth rate (%) (1981&ndash1991)
Beef & veal	19.2	192.0	9.0	11.7	86.4	78.0	179.2	110.0	685.4	2.9
Buffalo meat	11.2	50.5	24.4	4.9	22.1	51.0	63.3	89.2	316.6	2.0
Mutton & lamb	-	44.0	-	0.1	1.6	0.1	0.6	-	464.8	5.6
Goat meat	33.8	54.0	0.5	0.5	5.1	2.6	0.7	3.4	90.6	2.1
Pig meat	35.8	295.0	54.0	194.5	82.5	710.0	340.0	850.0	2541.8	5.6
Duck meat	4.2	13.2	0.5	3.6	11.8	13.9	85.7	32.8	165.5	1.4
Poultry	21.0	445.0	24.8	348.0	69.6	222.0	630.0	135.0	1895.4	6.2
TOTAL MEAT	125.2	1093.7	113.2	563.3	279.1	1077.6	1299.5	1220.4	5741.9	3.7
Poultry eggs	13.5	400.0	34.0	211.5	34.7	267.0	127.6	100.0	258.9	4.8
Cow milk	17.0	329.4	9.6	29.5	456.3	15.2	178.0	39.5	1074.6	6.0
Buffalo milk	-	24.6	-	1.6	65.3	19.2	29.9	26.0	128.3	1.6
Other	-	180.0	-	-	5.6	-	-	-	254.6	4.1
TOTAL MILK	17.0	534.0	9.6	31.1	527.2	34.4	207.9	65.5	1457.5	4.2

**Table 2. Production of wool and animal products in South-East Asia ('000 tonnes) (FAO, 1991)**
Category	Cambodia	Indonesia	Laos	Malaysia	Myanmar	Philippines	Thailand	Vietnam	Total	Annual growth rate (%) (1981&ndash1991)
Wool, greasy	-	17.3	-	0.2	0.3	-	-	-	17.5	3.4
Buffalo hides*	14.5	8.2	3.7	0.7	4.1	5.7	14.1	26.0	49.6	1.9
Cattle hides*	4.7	24.6	2.0	1.5	18.6	9.8	29.9	17.3	108.6	2.3
Goat skins*	-	10.8	-	0.1	0.7	5.6	0.1	0.6	17.9	2.0
Sheep skins*	-	8.8	-	-	0.3	-	10.5	-	19.6	10.4

* Fresh

APPENDIX 3

**Table 1. Total meat consumption of livestock products in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991))**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	35	69	89	10.3
Indonesia	56	897	1181	8.0
Laos	78	107	110	3.4
Malaysia	315	450	638	8.4
Myanmar	244	299	273	1.4
Philippines	785	695	1128	2.7
Thailand	809	1023	1078	2.9
Vietnam	541	847	1156	7.1
Total	3297	4387	5653	5.5

**Table 2. Total consumption of buffalo and cattle meat and products in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	17	25	29	5.4
Indonesia	201	279	306	4.9
Laos	27	36	32	2.0
Malaysia	32	47	68	7.5
Myanmar	93	99	106	1.4
Philippines	133	89	146	2.5
Thailand	214	224	234	0.8
Vietnam	103	136	192	6.7
Total	820	934	1113	3.5

**Table 3. Total consumption of goat and sheep meat and products in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	-	-	-	-
Indonesia	63	76	83	1.8
Laos	-	-	-	-
Malaysia	7	6	11	5.9
Myanmar	4	8	7	3.9
Philippines	14	19	24	5.8
Thailand	1	1	1	11.5
Vietnam	1	2	3	10.1
Total	99	112	129	6.5

**Table 4. Total consumption of pig meat and products in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	8	27	35	17.2
Indonesia	127	215	305	9.7
Laos	41	52	53	2.5
Malaysia	136	154	213	4.3
Myanmar	79	83	90	0.2
Philippines	413	397	666	4.2
Thailand	267	377	336	3.0
Vietnam	292	559	900	8.8
Total	1363	1710	2488	6.2

**Table 5. Total consumption of poultry meat and products in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	10	17	24	10.1
Indonesia	177	329	496	11.3
Laos	10	19	25	8.7
Malaysia	140	242	347	11.9
Myanmar	68	109	90	2.2
Philippines	226	190	292	0.1
Thailand	327	420	506	4.1
Vietnam	145	150	161	2.1
Total	1103	1295	1629	6.3

**Table 6. Total consumption of whole milk in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	14	16	16	1.4
Indonesia	316	412	507	5.4
Laos	6	8	35	16.5
Malaysia	217	160	214	3.9
Myanmar	181	315	274	4.2
Philippines	175	149	412	7.6
Thailand	78	188	256	11.0
Vietnam	45	52	62	3.6
Total	1032	1300	1776	5.7

**Table 7. Total consumption of eggs and products in South-East Asia (kg/yr) (FAO, 1991)**
Country	1980	1985	1990	Annual growth rate (%)
Cambodia	7	10	14	8.2
Indonesia	215	303	408	7.1
Laos	20	25	29	3.4
Malaysia	87	104	148	6.1
Myanmar	31	50	33	0.9
Philippines	244	226	317	2.1
Thailand	161	194	191	1.6
Vietnam	90	112	139	4.9
Total	768	921	1131	4.2

Appendix 4

**Table 1. Estimated quantities of cereal straws produced in South-East Asia (million tonnes) (FAO, 1989)**
Country	Cereal straw *					Total	Contribution (%)	Total ruminant livestock units (RLU)**	Availability / RLU (million T)
Country	maize	Millet	Rice	Sorghum	Wheat	Total	Contribution (%)	Total ruminant livestock units (RLU)**	Availability / RLU (million T)
Cambodia	0.2	-	2.1	-	-	2.3	1.6	21.9	0.1
Indonesia	12.6	-	43.6	-	-	56.2	38.8	11.7	4.8
Laos	0.1	-	1.2	-	-	1.3	0.9	1.7	0.8
Malaysia	0.1	-	1.7	-	-	1.8	1.3	0.7	2.6
Myanmar	0.5	0.2	13.6	-	0.2	14.5	9.9	-	-
Philippines	9.0	-	9.5	-	-	18.5	12.7	24.2	0.8
Thailand	8.9	-	21.3	0.4	-	30.6	21.0	10.9	2.8
Vietnam	1.8	-	18.1	0.1	-	20.0	13.8	5.3	3.8
Total	33.2	0.2	111.1	0.5	0.2	145.2	100.0	76.4	2.0
Contribution (%)	22.9	0.1	76.6	0.3	0.1	100.0

* Calculated using the grain:ratios of 1:1 for millet,rice and wheat, and 1:2 for maize and sorghum

** Ruminant livestock units (RLU): buffalo = 1.0; cattle = 0.8; goat = 0.1; sheep = 0.1

**Table 2. Availability of by-products from field crops in South-East Asia ('000 tonnes) (FAO, 1989)**
Country	Castor bean meal	Cassava		Cotton seed meal	Maize germ meal	Rice		Sugarcane		Total availability	As % of total Production
Country	Castor bean meal	leaves	Waste	Cotton seed meal	Maize germ meal	broken	husk	bagasse	green tops	Total availability	As % of total Production
Cambodia	0.5	16.7	23.2	0.4	19.6	94.5	357.0	29.7	38.5	580.1	0.9
Indonesia	-	1160.0	3495.2	2.6	1075.1	54.0	7406.0	3296.2	4272.8	20761.9	31.6
Laos	-	7.1	19.8	4.3	0.3	54.9	207.4	15.5	20.1	329.4	0.5
Malaysia	-	28.0	84.3	-	5.8	76.4	288.5	189.0	245.0	917.0	1.4
Myanmar	-	4.0	12.6	23.4	45.9	611.1	2308.8	121.9	542.5	3670.2	5.6
Philippines	0.9	129.2	396.7	3.0	768.7	425.7	1608.0	2374.8	3078.4	8785.4	13.3
Thailand	23.9	1643.2	4945.4	28.9	757.5	958.5	3621.0	4950.0	6416.9	23345.3	35.7
Vietnam	2.3	203.0	611.3	2.6	153.0	814.5	2986.0	789.8	1023.8	6586.3	11.0
Total	27.6	3191.2	9588.5	65.2	2825.9	3089.6	18782.7	11766.9	15638.0	64975.6	100.0

**Table 3. Availability of by-products from tree crops in South-East Asia ('000 tonnes)(FAO, 1989)**
Country	Cocoa		coffee by-products	Oil palm			Rubber seed meal*	Total	As % of total production
Country	bean waste	pod husks	coffee by-products	palm press fibre	Kernel cake	mill effluent (dry)	Rubber seed meal*	Total	As % of total production
Indonesia	4.0	25.5	273.0	870.0	29.0	29.0	1066.1	2296.6	28.1
Malaysia	11.5	101.3	3.5	3044.2	101.4	101.4	1148.9	4512.2	55.2
Philippines	0.7	4.7	109.2	14.7	0.4	0.4	43.3	173.4	2.1
Thailand	-	-	10.5	80.4	2.7	2.6	922.6	1018.8	12.3
Vietnam	-	-	3.5	-	-	-	210.8	214.3	2.3
Total	16.2	131.5	399.7	4009.3	133.5	133.4	3391.7	8155.3	100.0

* Calcultated from the land area under mature rubber in 1987 and the assumption that average seed production from mature rubber trees was100 kg/ha/year ( de Padirac, 1987)

FAO TECHNICAL PAPERS

FAO ANIMALS PRODUCTION AND HEALTH PAPERS


1	Animal breeding selected articles from the World Animal Review, 1977 (C E F S)
2	Eradication hog choiere and African swine fever, 1976 (E F S)
3	Insectides and application equipment for tseise control, 1977 (E F)
4	New feed resources 1977 (E/F/S)
5	Biblography of the criollo cettle of the American 1977 (E/S)
6	Medieraneen cattle and sheep in crossbreeding 1977 (E F)
7	The environmental of tseise control operations, 1977 (E F)
7 Rev.	1. The environmental of tseise contrl operations, 1980 (E F)
8	Declining breeds of Medierranean sheep, 1978 (E F)
9	Siaughterhouse and alaughterslab design and construction, 1978 (E F S)
10	Tresting straw for animal feeding (C E F S)
11	Packaging, storage and distribution of processed milk, 1978 (E)
12	Ruminant nutrition:selected articles from the world Animal Review 1978 (C E F S)
13	Buffalo reproduction and artifical insemination 1979 (E *)
14	The African tryanosomisses 1979 (E F)
15	Establishment of dairy training centres, 1979 (E)
16	Open yard housing for young cattle, 1981 (Ar E F S)
17	Prolific tropical sheep, 1980 (E F S)
18	Feed from animal wates:state of knowledge 1980 (C E)
19	East Coast fever and related tick-borne diseases 1980 (E)
20/1	Trypanotolerant livestock in West and Central Africa- vol. 1. Gerneral study 1980 (E F)
20/2	Trypanotolerant livesstock in West and Central Africa- vol.2 Country studies, 1980 (E F)
20/3	Le bétail trypanotolérant en Afrique occidentale et centrale - vol.3 Bilan d'une décennie, 1988 (F)
21	Guideline for dairy accounting 1980 (E)
22	Recursos genéticos animales en Américe Latine 1981 (S)
23	Diesease control in sement and embryos 181 (C E F S)
24	Animal genetic resources-conservation and management, 1981 (C E )
25	REproductive efficiency in cattle, 1982 (C E F S)
26	Camles and camel milk 1982 (E)
27	Deer farming 1982(E)
28	Feed from animal wastes:feeding manual. 1982 (C E)
29	Echinococcosis/hydatidosis surveillance, prevention and control FAO/UNEP/WHO guidelines, 1982 (E)
30	Sheep and goat breeds of India (E)61
31	Hormones in animal production, 1982 (E)
32	crop residues and agro-indistrial by-products in animal feeding 1982(E/F)
33	Heasmorhgic septisemis 1982 (E F)
34	Breeding plans fork ruminant livestock in the tropis, 1982 (E F S)
35	Off-teastes in raw and reconstitued milk, 1983 (Ar E F S)
36	Ticks and tick-borne disease: selected articles from the world Animal Review, 1983(E F S)
37	Arican animal trypanosomissis:selected articles from the World Animal Review, 1983 (E F)
38	Diagonisis and Vaccination for the control of brucellosis in the Near East, 1982 (Ar E)
39	Solar energy in small scale milk collection and proceessing 1983 (E F)
40	Intensive sheep production in the Near East, 1983 (Ar E)
41	Integrating crops and livestock in West Africa. 1983 (E F)
42	Animal energy in agriculture in Africa and Asia 1984 (E/F S)
43	Olive by-products for animal feed, 1985 (Ar E F S)
44/1	Animal genetic resources conservation by management, date banks and training, 1984 (E)
44/2	Animal genetic resources: cryogenic storage of germplasm and molecular engineering, 1984 (E)
45	Maintenance systems for the dairy plant, 1984 (E)
46	Livestock breeds of Chine, 1984 (E F S)
47	Regrigération du lait à la ferme et organisation des transporte, 1985(F)
48	La fromsgerie at les variétés de fromaages du basin méditerranéen 1985 (F)
49	Manual for the siaughter of small ruminants in developpi ng countries 1985 (E)
50	Better utilization of crop residues and by-products in animal feeding research guidelines - 1. State of knowledge, 1985 (E)
50/2	Better utilization of crop residues and by-products in animal feeding research guidelines - 2.A Practical manual for research workers 1986 (E)
51	Dried salted meats:charque and carne de- sol, 1985 (E)
52	Small-scale production 1985 (E)
53	Siaughterhouse cleaning and senitation 1985 (E)
54	Small ruminants in the Near East - Vol. l. Selected Papers presented for the Expert Consulation on small Ruminant Research and Development in the Near East (Tunis, 1985) 1987 (E)
55	small ruminants in the Near East- Vol. II Selected articles from world Animal Review 1972–1986. 1987 (Ar E)
56	Sheep and goats in Pakistan, 1985 (E)
57	The Awassi sheep with special reference to the improved dairy type, 1985 (E)
58	Small ruminant production in the developing countries 1986 (E)
59/1	Animal genetic resources date banks- 1. Computer systems study for regional date banks, 1986 (E)
59/2	Animal genetic resources date banks-2.Descriptor lists fro cattle, buffalo, pigs, sheep and goats, 1986 (E F S)
59/3	Aniaml genetic resources date banks-3 Descriptor lists for poultry, 1986 (E F S)
60	sheep and goats in Turkey, 1986 (E)
61	The Przwwalski horse and restoration to its natural habitat in Mongolia, 1986 (E)
62	Milk and dairy products: Production and processing costs 1988 (E F S)
63	Procedings of the FAO expert consulation on the substitution of imported concentrate feeds in animal production systems in developing countries 1987 (C E)
64	Poultry management and diseases in the Near East 1987 (Ar)
65	Animal genetic resources of the USSR, 1989 (E)
66	Animal genetic resources-strategies for improved use an dconservation 1987(E)
67/1	Trypanotolerant cattle and livestock development in West and Central Afircs-Vol.l. 1987(E)
67/2	Trypanotolerant cattle and livestock development in West and Central Africa- Vol.II 1987 (E)
68	Crossbreeding Bos indicus and Bos taurus for milk Production in the tropics, 1987 (E)
69	Village milk processing 1988(E F S)
70	Sheep and goat meat production in the humid tropics of West Africa, 1989 (E/F)
71	The development of village-based sheep production in West Africa, 1988 (Ar E F S) (published as Training manual for extension workers, M/S5840E)
72	Sugarcane as feed, 1989 (E/S)
73	Standard disign for small scale modular slaughterhouses, 1988 (E)
74	Small ruminants in the Near East - vol II North Africa 1989 (E)
75	The reradication of ticks, 1989 (E/S)
76	Ex sity cryoconservation of genomes and genes of endangered cattle breeeds by means of modern biotechnological methods, 1989 (E)
77	Training manual for embryo transfer in cattle 1991(E)
78	Milking, milk production hygiene and udder health
79	Manual of simple methods of mear preservation 1990 (E)
80	Animal genetic resouces - a global programme for sustaibable development, 1990 (E)
81	Veterinary diagosic bacteriology- a manual of laboratory procedures of selected diseases of livestock 1990 (E F)
82	Reproduction in camels - a review 1990 (E)
83	Training manual on artificial insemination in sheep and goats, 1991 (E)
84	Training manual fork embryo transfer in water buffaloes, 1991 (E)
85	The technology of traditioanl milk products in developping countries 1990 (E)
86	Feeding dairy cows in the tropics, 1991 (E)
87	Manual for the production of anthrax and blacking vaccines, 1991 (E F)
88	Small ruminant production and the small ruminant genetic resources in tropical Africa, 1991 (E)
89	Manual for the production of Maqral's disease Gumboro and inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines
90	Application of biotechnology to nutrition of animals in developing countries 1991 (E F)
91	Guidelines of slaughtering meat cutting and further processing 1991 (E)
92	Manual on meat cold sore operation and management 1991 (E S)
93	Utilization of renewable energy sources and energy-saving technologies by small-scale milk plants and collection centres 1992 (E)
94	Proceedings of the FAO expert consultation on the genetic aspects of trypanotolerance 1992(E)
95	Roots, tubers, plantains and banass in animal feeding 1992(E)
96	Distribution and impact of halminth disease of livestock in developing countries 1992 (E)
97	Construction and operation of medium sized abatoirs in developing countries 1992(E)
98	Small-scale poultry proceeding 1992 (E)
99	In situ conservation of livestock and poultry. 1992 (E)
100	Programme for the control of African animal trypanossomoissis and related development1992 (E)
101	Genetic improvement of hair sheep in the tropics 1992 (E)
102	Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock 1982 (E)
103	improving sheep reproduction in the Near East 1992 (Ar)
104	The management of global animal genetic resources 1992 (E)
105	Sustainable livestock production in the mountain agre-ecosystem Nepal 1992 (E)
106	Sustainable animal production from small farm systems in South East Asia, 1993 (E)

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