Table 1 Household Income Composition In the WASAT
Agro- Ecological Zone |
Year(s) |
Percentage Of Nonfarm In Total Total Income |
Percentage of Non Cropping In Income * | |
1. Northern Nigeria (Kano) (a) |
Guinean |
197415 |
30 |
|
2. Northern Nigeria (Zaria) (b) |
Guinean |
1966/67 |
23 |
23 |
3. MSU Burkina (c) |
Guinean |
197819 |
22 |
22 |
4. ICRISAT Burkina (d) |
Sahelian |
1981-5 |
37 |
52 |
Sudanian |
1981-5 |
20 |
26 | |
Guinean |
1981-5 |
40 |
57 | |
5. Gambia (e) |
River basin |
1985186 |
26 |
26 |
6. Senegal (f) |
Sahelian |
1988/89 |
64 |
83 |
Sudanian |
1988-90 |
24 |
35 | |
Guinean |
1988-90 |
43 |
52 | |
7. Niger(g) |
Sahelo.-Sudanian |
1989/90 |
52 |
60 |
Sudano- Guinean |
1989/90 |
43 |
51 | |
8. Mali (h) |
Guinean |
1988/89, rainy |
63 |
75 |
Guinean |
1988,'89, dry |
55 |
61 |
Notes: Table adapted from Reardon et al. 1993.
Nonfarm income plus livestock sector income = non-cropping income. Ag wages is included in off-farm income. The ranges in the columns are over village averages. All figures include simple averages over years and over villages per sample zone; in Niger study, figures are simple averages over study areas in each agroclimatic zone. In the Senegal study, averages for agroclimatic zones have been weighted by estimates of relative size of population.
**** Nonfarm and non-cropping income are nearly the same; for most village groupings, livestock sector income was very small and negative.
Sources:
(a) Matlon 1979; 3 villages, 105 households.
(b) Norman 1973; 3 villages, 104 households. April 1966 to March 1967
(c) Barrett et al (1982); MSU survey; 13 villages, 216 households, May 1978 to April 1979.
(d) ICRISAT Survey in Burkina Faso, 1981-5; see Matlon (1988) for survey methods and zone characteristics. 6 villages, 150 households; taken from Reardon, Delgado, and Matlon 1992.
(e) von Braun, Puetz and Webb 1989; IFPRI/PPMU survey: averaged over 10 villages covering "upland irrigation project villages"; lowland irrigation project" villages, and villages outside the irrigation project.
(f) IFPRI/ISRA survey in Senegal, 1988/89 for Sahelian zone and 1988/89-1989/90 for Sudanian and Guinean zones; source: Kelly et al. 1993; samplesize is 29 in Sahelian zone, 58-67 (depending on year) in Sudanian zone, and 92-102 in the Guinean zone.
(g) IFPRI/INRAN survey in Western Niger, 1989190 for both zones; includes two study zones in the Sudanian agroclimatic zone (Northern and Southern Boboye, totaling 60 households), and includes three study zones in the Guinean agroclimatic zone (Dallol
Maouri, Gaya Plateau, Gaya river totaling 90 households), from Hopkins and Reardon (1993)
(h) OHVIMSU Food Consumption and Expenditure Survey in southern Mali, 1988/89, 3 two-month rounds, July-August 1988 (here shown as rainy season), Sept.-October, and January-February (here shown as dry season); 90 households in 8 villages, from Sundberg (1989)
Table 2: Net Income composition over subsectors in Burkina Faso, 1981-5
Percentages of total income | |||||||||||||
Zone |
Crop Prod |
Ag Wages |
Livestock |
Transport |
construc |
Commerce |
Manuf |
Gather |
Srvc Prep |
Food |
Migration |
Transfers |
Total Income$ per AE |
Sahelian |
|||||||||||||
overall |
49 |
1 14 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
11 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
10 |
3 |
100 |
98 |
low 1/3 |
64 |
2 17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
7 |
100 |
58 |
high 1/3 |
36 |
0 17 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
2 |
100 |
180 |
Sudanian |
|||||||||||||
overall |
60 |
1 6 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
0 |
14 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
100 |
60 |
low 1/3 |
81 |
1 5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
100 |
40 |
high 1/3 |
68 |
1 6 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
10 |
2 |
5 |
3 |
100 |
124 |
Guinean |
|||||||||||||
overall |
37 |
2 20 |
1 |
0 |
9 |
6 |
3 |
6 |
13 |
1 |
1 |
100 |
117 |
low 1/3 |
53 |
4 18 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
100 |
76 |
high 113 |
30 |
1 19 |
1 |
0 |
14 |
8 |
0 |
11 |
14 |
1 |
0 |
100 |
245 |
* indicates less than 1 percent.
Source: ICRISAT survey in Burkina Faso, calculated from raw data: 1981-5 (four harvest years) for all three zones: 50 households in the Sahelian zone (northwest Burkina near Djibo), 50 households in the Sudanian zone (center-west Burkina near Yako), and 50 households in the Guinean zone (southwest Burkina near Boromo).
Table adapted from Reardon et al. 1993.
