Access to agricultural resources and services
Land. According to the 1990 Census of Population Housing, 55.2% of households were landless, while 25% of households had agricultural land Slightly more female-headed households than male-headed ones owned land. However, under the agrarian reform programme, only 13% of redistributed land went to women.
Livestock. Men tend to have responsibility for water buffalo and cattle, while women are more involved in pig and poultry raising. Data collection is needed on ownership.
Forestry. Only about 1% of the persons employed in agriculture are engaged in forestry. There is a gender division of labour in forestry activities: women predominate in the tasks of vegetative contouring, planting and establishing trees, weeding, caring for trees, and selling produce in the market.
Water. Data collection needed.
Credit. Bank-managed credit, mainstream farming and fishing credit programmes are usually directed to men, as are agricultural production loans from NGO donors. A number of NGOs and NGO projects target small loans to women. The women recipients of such small-scale credit schemes tend to use the loans for small livestock raising, marketing produce, or operating a home industry.
Extension services and agricultural training. Women comprised about 6% of the participants in training activities conducted by the Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) in 1993. The figure was highest (15%) for day training and lowest (3%) for on-farm research. The classification by the ATI of participants as "housewives" or RIC (all-women Rural Improvement Clubs) suggests that other participants (farmers and fishers) are assumed to be men. Rural women's contact is greatest with agricultural technicians who were formerly known as home management technicians.
Agricultural extensions staff by positions and gender, 1989
