D.W. Westcot
Environmental Program Manager
California Regional Water Quality Control Board
Sacramento, California, USA
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1997
ISSN 1020-1203
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The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
M-56
ISBN 92-5-103994-1
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© FAO 1997
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Chapter 2 - Health risks associated with wastewater use
Types of pathogens present in wastewater
Pathogens that reach the field or crop
Pathogen survival under agricultural field conditions
Relative health risk from wastewater use
Agronomic conditions that minimize disease spread when wastewater is used for irrigation
Guidelines for public health protection during wastewater use
Chapter 3 - Implementing health protection measures for wastewater use
Wastewater treatment to lower health risks
Lowering risk of direct human exposure in areas using wastewater
Lowering risk to consumers through crop restrictions
Chapter 4 - Developing a programme to promote safe production
Phase I: Development of a sound information base
Selection of study areas to determine safe production zones
Parameters used for measurement of microbial contamination
Analytical methods which can give acceptable results
Laboratory selection
Field sampling techniques
Criteria used to select field monitoring sitesPhase II: Organization and analysis of the information
Historical sources of data
Sampling frequency and criteria used to evaluate the data
Database, mapping systemsPhase III: Certification programmes and institutional and policy issues
Policy considerations for certification
Developing a water quality certification programmeInstitutional and policy issues
Water certification
Policy issues for development of safe production areas
Chapter 5 - The case study of Chile
Planning for controlling the quality of irrigation water destined for vegetable production in Chile