6. Appendix tables

Appendix Table A.1 Trends in Production of Dairy Products by World Country Groupings and Sub-Saharan Africa, 1961-1980, in 100 Metric Tons*

REGION/COUNTRY GROUPING & TYPE OF DAIRY PRODUCT		PERIOD AND QUANTITIES PRODUCED
		1963	1970	1980
1. WORLD:
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	3,530,560	3,970,500	4,686,730
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	3,229,780	3,646,820	4,263,930
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	5,807	9,813	16,635
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	19,595	30,230	42,184
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	41,334	45,407	46,943
	(vi) Cheese	71,172	76,690	113,634
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	55,626	59,160	69,306
2. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES:
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	1,926,620	2,015,480	2,295,310
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	1,893,780	1,980,180	2,253,110
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	3,973	5,934	10,147
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	18,387	27,649	34,565
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	34,686	32,556	28,670
	(vi) Cheese	35,810	47,081	71,656
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	30,769	30,301	31,926
3. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	615,550	739,950	1,001,031
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	389,110	485,210	657,601
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	656	2,270	3,982
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	554	128	420
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	3,995	6,366	9,192
	(vi) Cheese	21,823	10,621	13,351
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	9,854	11,539	14,797
4. SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA:
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	55,090	63,610	72,550
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	44,380	49,610	56,510
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	5	31	22
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	10	31	19
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	0	78	2
	(vi) Cheese	248	815	829
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	485	543	593

* Rounded to the nearest unit in relation to 100 metric tons.

NOTE: 1963 = 1961/65 average; 1970 = 1969/71 average; 1980 = 1979/81 average.

SOURCE FAO Production Yearbooks, 1973 and 1981.

Appendix Table A.2 Trends in Production of Dairy Products in Sub-Saharan Africa by Subregion/Country Group, 1961-1981 Period in 100 Metric Tons*

NOTE: 1963 = 1961/65. average; 1970 = 1969/71 average;
1980 = 1979/81 average.

REGION/COUNTRY GROUP (No. of Countries) AND TYPE OF PRODUCT		PERIOD AND QUANTITIES PRODUCED
		1963	1970	1980
1. EASTERN AFRICA (9):
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	34,400	41,730	47,830
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	27,870	31,860	36,240
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	5	22	13
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	10	22	11
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	00	28	2
	(vi) Cheese	213	433	595
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	300	283	288
2. CENTRAL AFRICA (8):
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	2,750	2,530	3,020
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	2,610	2,420	2,840
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	0	0	0
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	0	0	0
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	0	0	0
	(vi) Cheese	2	183	25
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	9	09	12
3. WESTERN AFRICA (16):
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	11,750	13,310	15,230
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	7,840	9,496	11,170
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	0	9	9
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	0	9	8
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	0	0	0
	(vi) Cheese	23	146	158
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	131	205	253
4. SOUTHERN AFRICA (II):
	(i) Total Liquid Whole Milk	6,190	6,040	6,470
	(ii) Cow Liquid Whole Milk	6,060	5,840	6,260
	(iii) Dry Whole Cow Milk	0	0	0
	(iv) Dry Skim Milk and Buttermilk	0	0	0
	(v) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	0	50	0
	(vi) Cheese	10	53	51
	(vii) Butter and Ghee	45	46	40

* Rounded off to the nearest unit in relation to 100 metric tons.

SOURCE: FAO Production Yearbooks, 1973 and 1981.

Appendix Table A.3 World Population and Milk Production, 1977

REGION/COUNTRY GROUPING		Population (Millions)	Milkb Production (Million Tons)
WORLD DEVELOPED COUNTRIESa		4,205 (100)	449 (100)
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES:		1,139 (27)	351 (78)
	- Total	3,066 (73)	99 (22)
	- Sub-Saharan Africa	311 (7)	6 (1)
	- Other Regions	2,755 (66)	93 (21)

Figures in parentheses represent percentages of the world total.

a Country grouping follows the FAO classification.
b Aggregate for cow, sheep and goat milk, thus excludes camel milk.

SOURCE: Paulino and Yeung (1981; p. 4).

Appendix Table A.4 Composition of Milk Production and Consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1977

Milkc Source by Animal Species	Production		Consumptiona
	Volume	Proportionb	Volume	Proportionb
	(1000 Metric Tons)	(Percent)	(1000 Metric Tons)	(Percent)
Cow (Cattle)	4,556.0	77.9	6,077.1	81.7
Sheep	222.9	3.8	275.4	3.7
Goats	757.2	12.9	771.6	10.4
Camel	313.3	5.4	313.4	4.2
TOTAL	5,849.5	100.0	7,437.4	100.0

a Consumption refers to total domestic utilization in terms of primary commodity equivalent.

b Proportions of major commodity group, e.g. 5.4% of milk produced is camel milk.

c Quantities are given in whole milk equivalents.

SOURCE: Paulino and Yeung (1981; p. 6).

Appendix Table A.5 Calculation of Trends in Consumption* of Dairy Products in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1970-1980 (All Quantities in Metric Tons)

P = Production; NM = Net Imports = (Imports)-(Exports)
C = Consumption = P + NM: and mT = Metric Tons.

REGION/COUNTRY GROUPING (No. of Countries) AND PRODUCT TYPE		1970			1980
		P	NM	C	P	NM	C
		(100 mT)		(10 mT)	(100 mT)		(10 mT)
1. EASTERN AFRICA (9):
	(i) Fresh Milk and Cream	41,730	(-257)	417,274	47,830	2,654	478,565
	(ii) Dry Milk and Cream	44	8,134	1,253	24	50,894	5,329
	(iii) Evaporated & Condensed Milk	28	6,365	917	3	10,197	1,040
	(iv) Cheese and Curd	433	423	4,372	595	316	5,982
	(v) Butter and Ghee	283	2,065	3,037	288	5,225	3,403
2. CENTRAL AFRICA (8):
	(i) Fresh Milk and Cream	2,530	742	25,374	3,020	3,307	30,531
	(ii) Dry Milk and Cream	0	7,326	733	0	25,975	2,598
	(iii) Evaporated & Condensed Milk	0	8,242	824	0	17,784	1,778
	(iv) Cheese and Curd	183	1,891	2.019	25	1,870	437
	(v) Butter and Ghee	9	1,651	255	12	2,695	390
3. WESTERN AFRICA (16):
	(i) Fresh Milk and Cream	13,310	3,169	133,417	15,230	14,466	153,747
	(ii) Dry Milk and Cream	18	25,762	2,756	17	103,439	10,514
	(iii) Evaporated & Condensed Milk	0	82,187	8,219	0	238,872	23,887
	(iv) Cheese and Curd	146	2,537	1,714	158	1,870	1,767
	(v) Butter and Ghee	205	3,980	2,448	253	16,128	4,143
4. SOUTHERN AFRICA (II):
	(i) Fresh Milk and Cream	6,040	30	60,403	6,470	18,057	66,506
	(ii). Dry Milk and Cream	0	12,116	1,212	8	25,785	2,579
	(iii) Evaporated & Condensed Milk	50	18,706	2,371	8	4,251	425
	(iv) Cheese and Curd	53	3,687	899	51	2,910	810
	(v) Butter and Ghee	46	3,261	786	40	6.202	1,020
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (44) TOTALS:
	(i) Fresh Milk and Cream	63,610	3,684	636,468	72.550	38,484	729,348
	(ii) Dry Milk and Cream	62	53,338	5,954	41	206,093	21,019
	(iii) Evaporated and Condensed Milk	72	115,500	12,330	2	270,104	27,030
	(iv) Cheese and Curd	815	8,538	9,004	829	7.049	8,995
	(v) Butter and Ghee	543	10,957	6,526	593	30,250	8.955

* Consumption (C) is derived as sum of production (P) and net imports (NM). Net imports for Eastern Africa for 1970 period are indicated as negative, implying a net export to trade surplus situation in 1970.

SOURCE: Calculations by author, based on statistics compiled from FAO Production Yearbooks (1973 & 1981) and FAO Trade Yearbooks (1973 and 1981).

Appendix Table A.6 Value of Dairy Imports into Sub-Saharan Africa and for Selected Countries, 1960-80, in US$ 2000

REGION/COUNTRY*	ALL DAIRY PRODUCTS MILK** ONLY
	1960	1970	1980	1960	1970	1980
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA:	41,349	103,846	705,055	28,432	90,582	619,785
within which
Angola	2,510	3,588	25,850	1,520	2,891.	23,600
Botswana	-	250	10,189	-	-	9,450
Cameroon	949	2,905	14,405	499	2,476	10,580
Congo	834	735	5,669	321	490	4,635
Djibouti	-	-	8,450	-	-	6,800
Ethiopia	537	1,332	9,773	200	1,143	8,058
Gabon	338	856	9,300	114	584	6,400
Ghana	3,761	8,999	7,495	3,263	8,753	4,375
Ivory Coast	2,141	7,959	82,700	1,284	7,224	72,000
Kenya	689	3,262	14,556	621	937	13,935
Lesotho	-	87	8,080	-	87	7,900
Liberia	604	895	5,718	403	763	4,973
Madagascar	2,984	3,760	6,903	1,896	3,136	4,914
Mauritania	-	672	19,570	-	578	16,410
Mauritius	1,436	2,282	18,549	979	1,953	12,571
Mozambique	2,378	2,506	6,300	1,379	1,360	4,200
Nigeria	5,944	19,498	282,920	5,282	19,160	277,760
Reunion	1,240	3,546	25,097	665	2,495	12,686
Senegal	3,049	5,289	18,748	2,325	4,768	14,611
Sierra Leone	887	2,563	8,760	650	2,405	6,707
Somalia	114	199	11,500	33	112	9,500
Sudan	354	1,964	6,613	349	1,936	6,446
Tanzania	1.854	5,483	12,401	1,625	5,058	10,207
Uganda	440	2,987	5,480	425	2,854	5,180
Upper Volta	48	696	13,690	32	616	11,840
Zaire	3,133	8,571	18,600	1,577	7,648	16,100
Zambia	-	4,600	5,821	> -	4,260	3,074

SUMMARY: - Growth. Rates for Dairy Imports into Sub-Saharan Africa:

(1) All Dairy Imports:

(a) 1960-70 = 9.6% p.a.
(b) 1970-80 = 21.1% p.a.
(c) 1960-80 = 15.2% p.a.

(2) Milk Only:

(a) 1960-70 = 12.3% p.a.
(b) 1970-80 = 21.2% p.a.
(c) 1960-80 = 16.7% p.a.

* Details are not given for countries with less than US$5 million worth of dairy imports in 1980, but the value of their dairy imports are included in the sub-Saharan Africa total.

** Milk includes fresh, dry, evaporated and condensed forms.

SOURCE: FAO Trade Yearbooks (1963, 1975 and 1981), with the calculations for import growth rates by the author.

Appendix Table A.7 Standard FAO Conversion Factors for Dairy Products into Liquid Whole Milk Equivalents

Type of Dairy Product		% Total Milk Solids Content	Conversion Factor*
1. Liquid Whole Milk		12.5	1.0
2. Liquid Skim Milk		8.5	0.7
3. Liquid Whey		6.2	0.5
4. Condensed & Evaporated:
	i) Whole Milk	26.0	2.1
	ii) Skim Milk	24.0	1.9
5. Milk Powder (Whole and Skim)		95.0	7.6
6. Whey Powder		95.0	7.6
7. Cassin		90.0	7.4
8. Cheese (excluding Cottage Cheese)		55.0	4.4
9. Cottage Cheese		25.0	2.0
10. Butter		82.0	6.6
11. Butteroil		100.0	8.0

* The standard conversion factors have to be adjusted for liquid whole milk of significantly different dry matter content (e.g. for those countries with large proportions of breeds such as Jersey or buffaloes etc.), with the standard liquid whole milk total milk solids content at 12.5% as the basis

SOURCE: FAO, "Milk and Milk Products: Supply, Demand and Trade projections 1985." FAO Commodity Projections 1985. FAO, Rome, June 1978.

ILCA/LPU WORKING PAPERS

No.	Year	Title	Author
1.	1983	Financing animal health services in some African countries	Addis Anteneh
2.	1983	What causes supply levels from African livestock sectors to change	John McClintock
3.	1984	The allocation of resources to livestock research in Africa	Camilla Toulmin
4.	1984	Dairy imports into sub-Saharan Africa: Development and policies	Valentin von Massow
5.	1984	Dairy development and internal dairy marketing in sub-Saharan Africa: Performance, policies and options	Stephen G. Mbogoh

Single copies of these working papers are available. free of charge, from the Librarian. ILCA, P.O. Box 5689. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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