1. We are grateful to Stephen Sandford, Head of Livestock Economics Unit, International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), for raising these research issues, and to ILCA for financial assistance in carrying out this research. We are responsible for the views expressed, including any errors in interpretation or fact. Our views should not be attributed to ILCA.
2. For example, the population increase from 530,000 to 1,080,000 implies an increase of about 550,000/7 = 80,000 family units. Assuming that these family units each cultivated about 10 acres, the increase in cultivated land implies the removal of about 800,000 acres from rangeland. This seems a small amount relative to the 21 million acres designated as African areas.
3. A statistical variant was introduced from 1965 onwards. Cattle numbers were no longer recorded as African and European, but as commercial - large - and small-scale - and communal. While the commercial sector was largely equivalent to the previous European herd classification, by the late 1970s, from 6-9% of the commercial total was cattle held on private African ranches.
4. The increase in beef prices over most of the post-World War 11 period should have resulted in a rising proportion of output being marketed in the form of beef (Jarvis, 1984). Sandford (1982) notes that mechanical tractors and donkeys have accounted for an increasing proportion of draft power in recent years, so this could also account for rising beef sales.
5. This is similar to calculating industrial output as sales plus changes in inventory.
