Table 1. Nominal producer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Mali 2 |
Nigeria 3 |
Sudan 4 |
Zimbabwe 5 |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
Cents/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
146 |
155 |
0.52 |
0.09 |
35.66 |
|
1971 |
156 |
176 |
0.57 |
0.12 |
36.76 |
|
1972 |
177 |
201 |
0.63 |
0.12 |
40.38 |
|
1973 |
198 |
229 |
0.82 |
0.14 |
49.35 |
|
1974 |
219 |
254 |
1.05 |
0.15 |
56.82 |
|
1975 |
271 |
288 |
1.86 |
0.24 |
58.96 |
|
1976 |
332 |
291 |
2.30 |
0.25 |
57.00 |
|
1977 |
338 |
328 |
2.82 |
0.24 |
57.91 |
|
1978 |
417 |
348 |
2.86 |
0.32 |
57.26 |
|
1979 |
433 |
407 |
3.30 |
0.87 |
70.46 |
|
1980 |
520 |
473 |
3.30 |
0.90 |
81.11 |
|
1981 |
558 |
456 |
3.78 |
1.00 |
102.08 |
|
1982 |
594 |
483 |
3.95 |
1.18 |
129.19 |
|
1983 |
604 |
509 |
4.68 |
1.67 |
130.42 |
|
1984 |
520 |
444 |
5.31 |
1.46 |
147.98 |
|
1985 |
604 |
486 |
5.36 |
1.66 |
153.30 |
|
1986 |
667 |
658 |
8.82 |
6.57 |
179.83 |
cw = carcass weight.
Sources:
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983), Côte d'Ivoire/FAO (1984).2. Office Malien du Bétail et de la viande (OMBLVI), Statistiques du bétail et de la viande (various issues).
3. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (unpublished data).
4. Sudan Gov't (1985); LMMC (Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation, Sudan) (unpublished data).
5. AMA (1980; 1986).
Table 2. Real producer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Mali 2 |
Nigeria 3 |
Sudan 4 |
Zimbabwe 5 |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
Cents/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
452.15 |
591.66 |
2.18 |
0.43 |
73.68 |
|
1971 |
490.57 |
558.97 |
2.06 |
0.55 |
73.67 |
|
1972 |
554.69 |
591.70 |
2.22 |
0.50 |
78.71 |
|
1973 |
558.69 |
521.87 |
2.73 |
0.49 |
93.29 |
|
1974 |
526.57 |
567.22 |
3.11 |
0.44 |
100.74 |
|
1975 |
584.68 |
606.95 |
4.12 |
0.55 |
94.94 |
|
1976 |
639.08 |
568.17 |
4.18 |
0.56 |
82.73 |
|
1977 |
510.73 |
511.70 |
4.22 |
0.48 |
76.20 |
|
1978 |
557.56 |
407.49 |
3.51 |
0.53 |
71.31 |
|
1979 |
496.50 |
496.95 |
3.63 |
1.09 |
74.25 |
|
1980 |
520.00 |
473.00 |
3.30 |
0.90 |
81.11 |
|
1981 |
512.73 |
406.60 |
3.13 |
0.80 |
90.18 |
|
1982 |
508.52 |
420.51 |
3.04 |
0.75 |
103.19 |
|
1983 |
488.36 |
403.89 |
2.92 |
0.81 |
84.63 |
|
1984 |
403.13 |
312.68 |
2.37 |
0.53 |
79.90 |
|
1985 |
459.77 |
316.62 |
2.27 |
0.42 |
76.31 |
|
1986 |
476.05 |
448.84 |
3.70 |
1.34 |
78.29 |
Note: The consumer price indices used to deflate actual prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
cw= carcass weighs.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); IMF (1987).
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983); Côte d'Ivoire/FAO (1984).2. Office Malien du bétail et de la viande (OMBEVI), Statistiques du bétail et de la viande (various issues).
3. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (unpublished data).
4. Sudan (1985) and Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation (unpublished data).
5. AMA (1980; 1986).
Table 3. Border equivalent producer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970 86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
Cents/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
131.27 |
103.88 |
0.31 |
0.06 |
10.51 |
|
1971 |
164.68 |
135.96 |
0.38 |
0.09 |
15.97 |
|
1972 |
194.74 |
165.21 |
0.46 |
0.14 |
23.84 |
|
1973 |
243.13 |
208.47 |
0.70 |
0.21 |
37.31 |
|
1974 |
319.05 |
280.38 |
0.76 |
0.23 |
48.31 |
|
1975 |
111.59 |
91.64 |
0.75 |
0.05 |
12.75 |
|
1976 |
134.95 |
111.46 |
0.88 |
0.06 |
17.54 |
|
1977 |
172.56 |
137.42 |
1.03 |
0.06 |
26.82 |
|
1978 |
141.57 |
112.09 |
1.06 |
0.08 |
30.71 |
|
1979 |
236.66 |
159.27 |
1.40 |
0.17 |
51.03 |
|
1980 |
242.38 |
151.80 |
1.39 |
0.20 |
40.76 |
|
1981 |
273.45 |
173.84 |
1.40 |
0.23 |
42.72 |
|
1982 |
390.38 |
285.17 |
1.66 |
0.29 |
34.78 |
|
1983 |
459.56 |
346.78 |
1.84 |
0.43 |
44.57 |
|
1984 |
623.92 |
503.14 |
2.18 |
0.68 |
85.92 |
|
1985 |
665.94 |
540.27 |
2.45 |
0.79 |
174.22 |
|
1986 |
576.54 |
447.64 |
4.05 |
1.38 |
180.71 |
Note: Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.
cw = carcass weighs.
Sources: World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 4. Real border equivalent producer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970 86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
Cents/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
406.53 |
397.55 |
1.29 |
0.29 |
21.71 |
|
1971 |
517.86 |
431.07 |
1.38 |
0.44 |
32.00 |
|
1972 |
610.28 |
486.34 |
1.62 |
0.59 |
46.47 |
|
1973 |
686.03 |
474.87 |
2.34 |
0.75 |
70.53 |
|
1974 |
767.13 |
625.71 |
2.24 |
0.65 |
85.66 |
|
1975 |
240.76 |
193.13 |
1.66 |
0.11 |
20.53 |
|
1976 |
259.77 |
217.40 |
1.59 |
0.13 |
25.46 |
|
1977 |
260.74 |
214.38 |
1.55 |
0.12 |
35.29 |
|
1978 |
189.29 |
131.25 |
1.31 |
0.14 |
38.24 |
|
1979 |
271.37 |
194.47 |
1.54 |
0.21 |
53.77 |
|
1980 |
242.38 |
151.80 |
1.40 |
0.20 |
40.76 |
|
1981 |
251.26 |
154.94 |
1.16 |
0.19 |
37.74 |
|
1982 |
334.20 |
248.41 |
1.28 |
0.19 |
27.78 |
|
1983 |
371.57 |
275.00 |
1.15 |
0.21 |
28.92 |
|
1984 |
483.70 |
354.32 |
0.97 |
0.25 |
46.39 |
|
1985 |
506.92 |
352.20 |
1.04 |
0.20 |
86.72 |
|
1986 |
411.49 |
305.35 |
1.70 |
0.28 |
78.67 |
Notes:
1. Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.2. The consumer price indices used to deflate nominal border prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
cw = carcass weighs.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 5. Nominal producer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Nigeria 2 |
Sudan 3 |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
200 |
1.05 |
0.18 |
|
1971 |
230 |
1.16 |
0.20 |
|
1972 |
244 |
1.28 |
0.22 |
|
1973 |
260 |
1.15 |
0.23 |
|
1974 |
280 |
1.94 |
0.24 |
|
1975 |
305 |
2.93 |
0.38 |
|
1976 |
480 |
4.03 |
0,35 |
|
1977 |
600 |
4.67 |
0.41 |
|
1978 |
800 |
5.20 |
0.58 |
|
1979 |
900 |
5.36 |
1.19 |
|
1980 |
1000 |
5.36 |
1.46 |
|
1981 |
1050 |
5.25 |
1.67 |
|
1982 |
1100 |
5.64 |
2.01 |
|
1983 |
1200 |
8.77 |
3.34 |
|
1984 |
1200 |
8.88 |
2.83 |
|
1985 |
1200 |
8.36 |
3.73 |
|
1986 |
1300 |
14.19 |
10.49 |
cw= carcass weight.
Sources:
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983); Côte d'Ivoire/FAO (1987).2. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (unpublished data).
3. Sudan Gov't (1985); LMMC (Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation) (unpublished data).
Table 6. Real producer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Nigeria 2 |
Sudan 3 |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
619.39 |
4.41 |
0.84 |
|
1971 |
723.27 |
4.20 |
0.94 |
|
1972 |
764.65 |
4.51 |
0.91 |
|
1973 |
733.63 |
3.83 |
0.85 |
|
1974 |
673.24 |
5.74 |
0.69 |
|
1975 |
658.04 |
6.49 |
0.89 |
|
1976 |
923.96 |
7.32 |
0.80 |
|
1977 |
906.62 |
6.98 |
0.81 |
|
1978 |
1069.66 |
6.39 |
0.95 |
|
1979 |
1031.99 |
5.89 |
1.49 |
|
1980 |
1000.00 |
5.36 |
1.46 |
|
1981 |
964.81 |
4.35 |
1.34 |
|
1982 |
941.70 |
4.33 |
1.29 |
|
1983 |
970.25 |
5.47 |
1.63 |
|
1984 |
930.30 |
3.97 |
1.03 |
|
1985 |
913.45 |
3.54 |
0.93 |
|
1986 |
927.84 |
5.95 |
2.13 |
Note: The consumer price indices used to deflate actual prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
cw= carcass weight.
Sources: ILO (1981;1988); IMF (1987).
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983); Côte d'Ivoire/FAO (1987).2. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (unpublished data).
3. Sudan Gov't (1985) and LMMC (Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation) (unpublished data).
Table 7. Border equivalent producer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
204.22 |
0.43 |
0.06 |
|
1971 |
223.54 |
0.47 |
0.07 |
|
1972 |
271.66 |
0.59 |
0.14 |
|
1973 |
320.84 |
0.86 |
0.20 |
|
1974 |
361.79 |
0.82 |
0.14 |
|
1975 |
321.49 |
1.05 |
0.10 |
|
1976 |
382.26 |
1.12 |
0.12 |
|
1977 |
418.26 |
1.25 |
0.11 |
|
1978 |
488.18 |
1.56 |
0.24 |
|
1979 |
488.35 |
1.57 |
0.25 |
|
1980 |
58157 |
1.70 |
0.48 |
|
1981 |
743.55 |
1.86 |
0.37 |
|
1982 |
791.39 |
1.78 |
0.64 |
|
1983 |
745.54 |
1.78 |
0.76 |
|
1984 |
894.54 |
1.93 |
0.59 |
|
1985 |
884.28 |
2.19 |
1.09 |
|
1986 |
723.49 |
3.58 |
1.96 |
Note: Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.
cw = carcass weight.
Sources: World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 8. Real border equivalent producer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
|
FCFA/kg cw |
Naira/kg cw |
Pound/kg cw |
|
|
1970 |
632.46 |
1.82 |
0.29 |
|
1971 |
702.96 |
1.70 |
0.35 |
|
1972 |
851.33 |
2.09 |
0.58 |
|
1973 |
905.30 |
2.85 |
0.72 |
|
1974 |
869.90 |
2.41 |
0.40 |
|
1975 |
693.61 |
2.32 |
0.24 |
|
1976 |
735.82 |
2.03 |
0.28 |
|
1977 |
632.00 |
1.86 |
0.21 |
|
1978 |
652.73 |
1.92 |
0.40 |
|
1979 |
559.97 |
1.73 |
0.32 |
|
1980 |
581.57 |
1.70 |
0.48 |
|
1981 |
683.22 |
1.54 |
0.30 |
|
1982 |
677.50 |
1.37 |
0.41 |
|
1983 |
602.80 |
1.11 |
0.37 |
|
1984 |
693.50 |
0.86 |
0.22 |
|
1985 |
673.12 |
0.93 |
0.27 |
|
1986 |
516.37 |
1.50 |
0.40 |
Notes:
1. Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.2. The consumer price indices used to deflate nominal border prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
3. cw = carcass weighs.
Sources: World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 9. Nominal producer prices for milk in the study countries, 1971-86.
|
Year |
Mali 1 |
Sudan 2 |
Zimbabwe 3 |
|
FCFA/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cent/kg |
|
|
1971 |
24.27 |
0.05 |
6.58 |
|
1972 |
24.27 |
0.05 |
6.71 |
|
1973 |
36.41 |
0.06 |
7.18 |
|
1974 |
36.41 |
0.06 |
7.31 |
|
1975 |
36.41 |
0.10 |
8.72 |
|
1976 |
43.69 |
0.10 |
10.33 |
|
1977 |
43.69 |
0.10 |
10.16 |
|
1978 |
54.37 |
0.10 |
10.16 |
|
1979 |
63.11 |
0.10 |
12.96 |
|
1980 |
63.11 |
0.29 |
15.54 |
|
1981 |
72.82 |
0.29 |
20.55 |
|
1982 |
108.01 |
0.29 |
25.22 |
|
1983 |
101.94 |
058 |
30.38 |
|
1984 |
201.94 |
0.58 |
33.43 |
|
1985 |
231.07 |
0.87 |
38.12 |
|
1986 |
231.07 |
1.07 |
40.96 |
Sources:
1. Union laitière de Bamako, Mali (unpublished data).
2. Animal Production Corp. and Kuku Dairy Production Cooperative, Sudan (unpublished data).
3. AMA (1980; 1986).
Table 10. Real producer prices for milk in the study countries, 1971-86.
|
Year |
Mali 1 |
Sudan 2 |
Zimbabwe 3 |
|
FCFA/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cent/kg |
|
|
1971 |
76.95 |
0.23 |
13.19 |
|
1972 |
71.44 |
0.20 |
13.08 |
|
1973 |
82.94 |
0.22 |
13.57 |
|
1974 |
81.25 |
0.17 |
12.96 |
|
1975 |
76.73 |
0.24 |
14.04 |
|
1976 |
85.22 |
0.23 |
14.99 |
|
1977 |
68.16 |
0.20 |
13.37 |
|
1978 |
63.66 |
0.17 |
12.65 |
|
1979 |
77.06 |
0.13 |
13.66 |
|
1980 |
63.11 |
0.29 |
15.54 |
|
1981 |
64.90 |
0.23 |
18.15 |
|
1982 |
94.08 |
0.19 |
20.14 |
|
1983 |
80.84 |
0.28 |
19.71 |
|
1984 |
142.21 |
0.21 |
18.05 |
|
1985 |
150.63 |
0.22 |
18.97 |
|
1986 |
157.62 |
0.22 |
17.83 |
Note: The consumer price indices used to deflate actual prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); IMF (1987).
1. Union laitière de Bamako, Mali (unpublished data).
2. Animal Production Corp, and Kuku Dairy Production Cooperative, Sudan (unpublished data).
3. AMA (1980; 1986).
Table 11. Border equivalent producer prices for milk in the study countries, 1971-86.
|
Year |
Mali |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
FCFA/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1971 |
63.63 |
0.08 |
10.48 |
|
1972 |
71.29 |
0.10 |
12.74 |
|
1973 |
79.20 |
0.12 |
13.20 |
|
1974 |
90.40 |
0.15 |
15.19 |
|
1975 |
77.02 |
0.16 |
13.85 |
|
1976 |
65.17 |
0.13 |
10.15 |
|
1977 |
75.31 |
0.15 |
11.03 |
|
1978 |
83.42 |
0.16 |
12.63 |
|
1979 |
104.33 |
0.20 |
18.13 |
|
1980 |
131.63 |
0.27 |
23.05 |
|
1981 |
153.33 |
0.30 |
23.48 |
|
1982 |
162.52 |
0.39 |
23.47 |
|
1983 |
177.44 |
0.47 |
28.77 |
|
1984 |
194.85 |
0.47 |
31.99 |
|
1985 |
197.27 |
0.68 |
38.14 |
|
1986 |
160.71 |
0.75 |
38.55 |
Note: Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.
Sources: FAO (1982); FAO food outlook (various issues); World Bank (1986b), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 12. Real border equivalent producer prices for milk in the study countries, 1971-86.
|
Year |
Mali |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
FCFA/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1971 |
201.74 |
0.40 |
21.00 |
|
1972 |
209.86 |
0.44 |
24.83 |
|
1973 |
180.41 |
0.45 |
24.95 |
|
1974 |
201.74 |
0.42 |
26.93 |
|
1975 |
162.32 |
0.37 |
22.30 |
|
1976 |
127.11 |
0.30 |
14.73 |
|
1977 |
117.49 |
0.29 |
14.51 |
|
1978 |
97.68 |
0.26 |
15.73 |
|
1979 |
127.39 |
0.25 |
19.10 |
|
1980 |
131.63 |
0.27 |
23.05 |
|
1981 |
136.66 |
0.24 |
20.74 |
|
1982 |
14157 |
0.25 |
18.75 |
|
1983 |
140.71 |
0.23 |
18.67 |
|
1984 |
137.22 |
0.17 |
17.27 |
|
1985 |
128.60 |
0.17 |
18.98 |
|
1986 |
109.62 |
0.15 |
16.78 |
Note:
1. Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.2. The consumer price indices used to deflate nominal border prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); FAO (1982); FAO food outlook (various issues); World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 13. Nominal consumer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Mali 2 |
Nigeria 3 |
Sudan 4 |
Zimbabwe 5 |
|
FCFA/kg |
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1970 |
177 |
138 |
0.66 |
0.17 |
44.00 |
|
1971 |
178 |
138 |
0.71 |
0.17 |
44.00 |
|
1972 |
190 |
138 |
0.75 |
0.17 |
44.00 |
|
1973 |
215 |
138 |
0.74 |
0.26 |
65.00 |
|
1974 |
247 |
150 |
1.18 |
0.30 |
73.00 |
|
1975 |
307 |
300 |
2.03 |
0.50 |
79.00 |
|
1976 |
345 |
300 |
2.76 |
0.46 |
87.00 |
|
1977 |
441 |
325 |
2.84 |
0 59 |
90.00 |
|
1978 |
539 |
400 |
3.14 |
0.30 |
95.00 |
|
1979 |
550 |
425 |
3.58 |
1.26 |
80.00 |
|
1980 |
650 |
500 |
3.76 |
1.66 |
86.00 |
|
1981 |
800 |
550 |
3.97 |
2.28 |
114.00 |
|
1982 |
900 |
575 |
4.71 |
2.57 |
114.00 |
|
1983 |
900 |
600 |
5.61 |
3.60 |
125.00 |
|
1984 |
900 |
600 |
6.70 |
4.17 |
125.00 |
|
1985 |
950 |
650 |
6.60 |
5.29 |
132.00 |
|
1986 |
950 |
687 |
9.50 |
10.08 |
151.00 |
Sources:
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983) and Sociéte pour le développement des productions animales (unpublished data).2. Office Malien du bétail et de la viande, Statistiques du bétail et de la viande (various issues).
3. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (unpublished data).
4. Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation, Sudan (unpublished data).
5. Agricultural Marketing Authority, Zimbabwe (unpublished data).
Table 14. Real consumer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Mali 2 |
Nigeria 3 |
Sudan 4 |
Zimbabwe 5 |
|
FCFA/kg |
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1970 |
548.16 |
526.21 |
2.77 |
0.82 |
90.91 |
|
1971 |
559.75 |
435.95 |
2.57 |
0.81 |
88.18 |
|
1972 |
595.42 |
404.77 |
2.64 |
0.71 |
85.77 |
|
1973 |
606.66 |
313.21 |
2.47 |
0.95 |
122.87 |
|
1974 |
593.89 |
334.75 |
3.49 |
0.87 |
129.43 |
|
1975 |
662.35 |
632.24 |
4.50 |
1.17 |
127.21 |
|
1976 |
664.10 |
585.14 |
5.01 |
1.06 |
126.27 |
|
1977 |
666.36 |
507.02 |
4.25 |
1.16 |
118.42 |
|
1978 |
720.68 |
468.38 |
3.86 |
0.49 |
118.31 |
|
1979 |
630.66 |
518.93 |
3.94 |
1.58 |
84.30 |
|
1980 |
650.00 |
500.00 |
3.76 |
1.66 |
86.00 |
|
1981 |
735.09 |
490.20 |
3.29 |
1.83 |
100.71 |
|
1982 |
770.48 |
500.87 |
3.62 |
1.64 |
91.05 |
|
1983 |
727.68 |
475.81 |
3.50 |
1.76 |
81.12 |
|
1984 |
697.73 |
422.53 |
2.99 |
1.52 |
67.49 |
|
1985 |
723.15 |
423.73 |
2.79 |
1.33 |
65.70 |
|
1986 |
678.04 |
468.62 |
3.98 |
2.05 |
65.74 |
Note: The consumer price indices used to deflate actual prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); IMF (1987).
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983) and Société pour le développement des productions animales (unpublished data).2. Office malien du bétail et de la viande, Statistiques du bétail et de la viande (various issues).
3. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (FLD) (unpublished data).
4. Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation, Sudan (unpublished data).
5. Agricultural Marketing Authority, Zimbabwe (unpublished data).
Table 15. Border equivalent consumer prices for beef in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
FCFA/kg |
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1970 |
281.92 |
137.02 |
0.73 |
0.28 |
36.11 |
|
1971 |
327.42 |
181.43 |
0.86 |
0.33 |
45.99 |
|
1972 |
371.00 |
225.93 |
0.99 |
0.42 |
57.69 |
|
1973 |
451.78 |
273.03 |
1.33 |
0.55 |
79.61 |
|
1974 |
575.82 |
341.01 |
1.60 |
0.65 |
97.39 |
|
1975 |
295.34 |
117.47 |
1.59 |
0.36 |
44.08 |
|
1976 |
344.77 |
139.00 |
1.97 |
0.38 |
51.97 |
|
1977 |
442.83 |
191.66 |
2.21 |
0.48 |
65.69 |
|
1978 |
427.22 |
183.87 |
2.33 |
0.53 |
70.94 |
|
1979 |
602.24 |
259.60 |
2.95 |
0.92 |
96.51 |
|
1980 |
650.95 |
275.13 |
2.99 |
1.16 |
97.10 |
|
1981 |
715.36 |
268.87 |
3.04 |
1.09 |
97.98 |
|
1982 |
902.15 |
381.01 |
3.62 |
1.88 |
93.80 |
|
1983 |
1017.69 |
447.65 |
4.11 |
2.52 |
118.57 |
|
1984 |
1253.57 |
580.21 |
4.88 |
2.79 |
173.18 |
|
1985 |
1314.83 |
609.92 |
5.21 |
4.81 |
242.11 |
|
1986 |
1225.35 |
541.93 |
8.23 |
6.26 |
308.96 |
Note: Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.
Sources: World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 16. Nominal consumer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86
|
Year
|
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Mali 2 |
Nigeria 3 |
Sudan 4 |
|
FCFA/kg |
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
|
|
1970 |
275 |
150 |
0.65 |
0.29 |
|
1971 |
300 |
150 |
0.70 |
0.29 |
|
1972 |
360 |
150 |
0.74 |
0.29 |
|
1973 |
360 |
150 |
0.75 |
0.38 |
|
1974 |
360 |
250 |
0.98 |
0.41 |
|
1975 |
400 |
325 |
1.63 |
0.70 |
|
1976 |
400 |
375 |
2.00 |
0.63 |
|
1977 |
500 |
425 |
2.39 |
0.79 |
|
1978 |
600 |
500 |
2.55 |
0.43 |
|
1979 |
650 |
600 |
2.91 |
1.74 |
|
1980 |
700 |
700 |
3.17 |
2.75 |
|
1981 |
900 |
750 |
3.49 |
3.33 |
|
1982 |
1100 |
775 |
3.97 |
4.03 |
|
1983 |
1100 |
800 |
5.08 |
5.67 |
|
1984 |
1300 |
755 |
5.65 |
6.57 |
|
1985 |
1300 |
785 |
6.59 |
8.34 |
|
1986 |
1350 |
940 |
8.11 |
14.73 |
Sources:
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983); Société pour le développement des productions animales, Côte d'Ivoire (unpublished data).2. Office malien du bétail et de la viande: Statistiques du bétail et de la viande (various issues).
3. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (unpublished data).
4. Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation, Sudan (unpublished data).
Table 17. Real consumer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year
|
Côte d'Ivoire 1 |
Mali 2 |
Nigeria 3 |
Sudan 4 |
|
FCFA/kg |
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
|
|
1970 |
851.66 |
574.05 |
2.73 |
1.40 |
|
1971 |
943.40 |
475.59 |
2.53 |
1.38 |
|
1972 |
1128.17 |
44157 |
2.61 |
1.22 |
|
1973 |
1015.80 |
341.69 |
2.50 |
1.39 |
|
1974 |
865.59 |
557.91 |
2.90 |
1.18 |
|
1975 |
863.00 |
684.93 |
3.61 |
1.63 |
|
1976 |
769.97 |
731.42 |
3.63 |
1.44 |
|
1977 |
755.51 |
663.03 |
3.57 |
1.55 |
|
1978 |
802.25 |
585.48 |
3.13 |
0.71 |
|
1979 |
745.33 |
732.60 |
3.20 |
2.18 |
|
1980 |
700.00 |
700.00 |
3.17 |
2.75 |
|
1981 |
826.98 |
668.45 |
2.89 |
2.67 |
|
1982 |
941.70 |
675.09 |
3.05 |
2.57 |
|
1983 |
889.39 |
634.42 |
3.17 |
2.77 |
|
1984 |
1007.83 |
531.69 |
2.52 |
2.40 |
|
1985 |
989.57 |
511.73 |
2.79 |
2.09 |
|
1986 |
963.53 |
641.20 |
3.40 |
2.99 |
Note: The consumer price indices used to deflate actual prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); IMF (1987).
1. Côte d'Ivoire/République Française (1983); Société pour le développement des productions animales, Côte d'Ivoire (unpublished data).2. Office Malien du bétail et de la viande: Statistiques du bétail et de la viande (various issues).
3. Nigerian Livestock Information Service and Federal Livestock Department (unpublished data).
4. Livestock and Meat Marketing Corporation, Sudan (unpublished data).
Table 18. Border equivalent consumer prices for mutton in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
|
FCFA/kg |
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
|
|
1970 |
290.45 |
241.23 |
0.76 |
0.32 |
|
1971 |
308.47 |
271.57 |
0.82 |
0.34 |
|
1972 |
356.89 |
324.48 |
0.96 |
0.44 |
|
1973 |
415.50 |
391.82 |
1.23 |
0.54 |
|
1974 |
472.86 |
431.71 |
1.31 |
0.58 |
|
1975 |
445.30 |
394.44 |
1.86 |
0.65 |
|
1976 |
521.01 |
460.21 |
2.12 |
0.68 |
|
1977 |
595.04 |
515.16 |
2.44 |
0.76 |
|
1978 |
687.95 |
623.51 |
2.84 |
1.02 |
|
1979 |
721.29 |
610.92 |
3.02 |
1.27 |
|
1980 |
848.68 |
734.25 |
3.28 |
1.75 |
|
1981 |
1034.23 |
916.43 |
3.60 |
1.86 |
|
1982 |
1103.39 |
965.72 |
3.76 |
2.69 |
|
1983 |
1075.89 |
939.20 |
4.32 |
3.03 |
|
1984 |
1239.09 |
1117.41 |
4.76 |
3.33 |
|
1985 |
1235.17 |
1128.76 |
5.49 |
4.96 |
|
1986 |
1097.72 |
950.33 |
7.63 |
6.13 |
Note: Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.
Sources: World Bank (1986b); IMF (1987), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 19. Nominal consumer prices for milk in the study countries, 1972-86.
|
Year
|
Mali 1 |
Nigeria 2 |
Sudan 3 |
Zimbabwe 4 |
|
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1972 |
70 |
0.51 |
0.15 |
14.08 |
|
1973 |
70 |
0.59 |
0.15 |
14.08 |
|
1974 |
70 |
0.67 |
0.15 |
15.83 |
|
1975 |
70 |
0.94 |
0.19 |
15.83 |
|
1976 |
70 |
0.96 |
0.19 |
19.35 |
|
1977 |
70 |
1.10 |
0.19 |
20.00 |
|
1978 |
75 |
1.34 |
0.19 |
20.00 |
|
1979 |
75 |
1.42 |
0.19 |
23.33 |
|
1980 |
75 |
1.34 |
0.44 |
26.67 |
|
1981 |
75 |
1.21 |
0.44 |
26.67 |
|
1982 |
110 |
1.48 |
0.44 |
26.67 |
|
1983 |
110 |
1.18 |
0.78 |
26.67 |
|
1984 |
110 |
5.88 |
0.87 |
40.00 |
|
1985 |
110 |
6.00 |
1.07 |
50.00 |
|
1986 |
148 |
7.64 |
1.26 |
60.00 |
Sources:
1. Union laitière de Bamako, Mali (personal communication).2. Nigerian Gov't (1987), Federal Livestock Department (personal communication).
3. Animal Production Corporation, Sudan (personal communication).
4. AMA (Agricultural Marketing Authority) (1986); Dairy Marketing Board: Report and accounts (various issues).
Table 20. Real consumer prices for milk in the study countries, 1972-86.
|
Year
|
Mali 1 |
Nigeria 2 |
Sudan 3 |
Zimbabwe 4 |
|
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1972 |
206.06 |
1.80 |
0.63 |
27.45 |
|
1973 |
159.45 |
1.97 |
0.55 |
26.62 |
|
1974 |
156.21 |
1.98 |
0.43 |
28.07 |
|
1975 |
147.52 |
2.08 |
0.44 |
25.49 |
|
1976 |
136.53 |
1.74 |
0.44 |
28.08 |
|
1977 |
109.20 |
1.64 |
0.37 |
26.32 |
|
1978 |
87.82 |
1.65 |
0.31 |
24.91 |
|
1979 |
91.57 |
156 |
0.24 |
24.58 |
|
1980 |
75.00 |
1.34 |
0.44 |
26.67 |
|
1981 |
66.84 |
1.00 |
0.35 |
23.56 |
|
1982 |
95.82 |
1.14 |
0.28 |
21.30 |
|
1983 |
87.23 |
0.74 |
0.38 |
17.31 |
|
1984 |
77.46 |
2.63 |
0.32 |
21.60 |
|
1985 |
71.71 |
2.54 |
0.27 |
24.89 |
|
1986 |
100.95 |
3.20 |
0.26 |
26.12 |
Note: The consumer price indices used to deflate nominal prices have 1980 as the base year, thus all prices in the table are in terms of 1980 values.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); IMF (1987).
1. Union laitière de Bamako, Mali (personal communication).2. Nigerian Gov't (1987); Federal Livestock Department (personal communication).
3. Animal Production Corporation, Sudan (personal communication).
4. AMA (Agricultural Marketing Authority) (1986); Dairy Marketing Board: Report and accounts (various issues).
Table 21. Border equivalent consumer prices for milk in the study countries, 1972-86.
|
Year
|
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
FCFA/kg |
Naira/kg |
Pound/kg |
Cents/kg |
|
|
1972 |
85.69 |
0.46 |
0.12 |
15.68 |
|
1973 |
93.56 |
0.53 |
0.14 |
16.21 |
|
1974 |
104.79 |
0.52 |
0.17 |
18.40 |
|
1975 |
91.36 |
0.60 |
0.18 |
17.39 |
|
1976 |
79.55 |
0.40 |
0.15 |
14.09 |
|
1977 |
89.70 |
0.42 |
0.17 |
15.37 |
|
1978 |
98.78 |
0.50 |
0.19 |
17.24 |
|
1979 |
119.84 |
0.62 |
0.24 |
23.00 |
|
1980 |
147.14 |
0.81 |
0.34 |
28.61 |
|
1981 |
168.98 |
0.83 |
0.38 |
29.96 |
|
1982 |
185.31 |
0.83 |
0.47 |
32.27 |
|
1983 |
200.35 |
0.74 |
0.55 |
39.66 |
|
1984 |
217.90 |
1.70 |
0.58 |
43.22 |
|
1985 |
220.35 |
1.82 |
0.78 |
48.05 |
|
1986 |
191.14 |
2.49 |
0.86 |
49.23 |
Note: Border prices have been converted at official exchange rates.
Sources: FAO (1982); FAO food outlook (various issues); World Bank (1986b), and data collected from the study countries.
Table 22. Nominal protection coefficients for beef producers in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
1970 |
1.11 |
1.49 |
1.69 |
1.44 |
3.39 |
|
1971 |
0.95 |
1.30 |
1.49 |
1.25 |
2.30 |
|
1972 |
0.91 |
1.22 |
1.37 |
0.86 |
1.69 |
|
1973 |
0.81 |
1.10 |
1.17 |
0.66 |
1.32 |
|
1974 |
0.69 |
0.91 |
1.39 |
0.68 |
1.18 |
|
1975 |
2.43 |
3.14 |
2.48 |
4.94 |
4.62 |
|
1976 |
2.46 |
2.61 |
2.62 |
4.45 |
3.25 |
|
1977 |
1.96 |
2.39 |
2.73 |
3.87 |
2.16 |
|
1978 |
2.95 |
3.10 |
2.69 |
3.88 |
1.86 |
|
1979 |
1.83 |
2.56 |
2.35 |
5.25 |
1.38 |
|
1980 |
2.15 |
3.11 |
2.36 |
4.49 |
1.99 |
|
1981 |
2.04 |
2.62 |
2.70 |
4.27 |
2.39 |
|
1982 |
1.52 |
1.69 |
2.37 |
4.04 |
3.71 |
|
1983 |
1.31 |
1.47 |
2.54 |
3.84 |
2.93 |
|
1984 |
0.83 |
0.88 |
2.44 |
2.16 |
1.72 |
|
1985 |
0.91 |
0.90 |
2.19 |
2.10 |
0.88 |
|
1986 |
1.16 |
1.47 |
2.18 |
4.78 |
0.99 |
Source: Estimated from data collected from the study countries by the author.
Table 23. Nominal protection coefficients for mutton producers in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
|
1970 |
0.98 |
2.42 |
2.92 |
|
1971 |
1.03 |
2.47 |
2.71 |
|
1972 |
0.90 |
2.16 |
1.55 |
|
1973 |
0.81 |
1.34 |
1.18 |
|
1974 |
0.77 |
2.38 |
1.73 |
|
1975 |
0.95 |
2.80 |
3.69 |
|
1976 |
1.26 |
3.60 |
2.83 |
|
1977 |
1.43 |
3.75 |
3.84 |
|
1978 |
1.64 |
3.33 |
2.38 |
|
1979 |
1.84 |
3.42 |
4.70 |
|
1980 |
1.72 |
3.16 |
3.07 |
|
1981 |
1.41 |
2.83 |
4.48 |
|
1982 |
1.39 |
3.17 |
3.15 |
|
1983 |
1.61 |
4.92 |
4.39 |
|
1984 |
1.34 |
4.60 |
4.77 |
|
1985 |
1.36 |
3.81 |
3.41 |
|
1986 |
1.80 |
3.97 |
5.35 |
Source: Estimated from data collected from the study countries by the author.
Table 24. Nominal protection coefficients for milk producers in the study countries, 1971-86.
|
Year |
Mali |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
1971 |
0.38 |
0.56 |
0.63 |
|
1972 |
0.34 |
0.46 |
0.53 |
|
1973 |
0.46 |
0.49 |
0.54 |
|
1974 |
0.40 |
0.41 |
0.48 |
|
1975 |
0.47 |
0.64 |
0.63 |
|
1976 |
0.67 |
0.78 |
1.02 |
|
1977 |
0.58 |
0.68 |
0.92 |
|
1978 |
0.65 |
0.63 |
0.80 |
|
1979 |
0.60 |
0.50 |
0.71 |
|
1980 |
0.48 |
1.08 |
0.67 |
|
1981 |
0.47 |
0.97 |
0.87 |
|
1982 |
0.66 |
0.75 |
1.07 |
|
1983 |
0.57 |
1.24 |
1.06 |
|
1984 |
1.04 |
1.24 |
1.04 |
|
1985 |
1.17 |
1.29 |
1.00 |
|
1986 |
1.44 |
1.42 |
1.06 |
Source: Estimated from data collected from the study countries by the author.
Table 25. Nominal protection coefficients for beef consumers in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
1970 |
0.63 |
1.00 |
0.90 |
0.61 |
1.22 |
|
1971 |
0.54 |
0.76 |
0.82 |
0.52 |
0.96 |
|
1972 |
0.51 |
0.61 |
0.75 |
0.41 |
0.76 |
|
1973 |
0.48 |
0.50 |
0.56 |
0.47 |
0.82 |
|
1974 |
0.43 |
0.44 |
0.74 |
0.46 |
0.75 |
|
1975 |
1.04 |
2.55 |
1.28 |
1.40 |
1.79 |
|
1976 |
1.00 |
2.16 |
1.40 |
1.23 |
1.67 |
|
1977 |
1.00 |
1.70 |
1.29 |
1.24 |
1.37 |
|
1978 |
1.26 |
2.17 |
135 |
0.57 |
1.34 |
|
1979 |
0.91 |
1.64 |
1.21 |
1.37 |
0.83 |
|
1980 |
1.00 |
1.82 |
1.26 |
1.43 |
0.89 |
|
1981 |
1.12 |
2.05 |
1.30 |
2.09 |
1.16 |
|
1982 |
1.00 |
1.51 |
1.30 |
1.37 |
1.22 |
|
1983 |
0 88 |
1.34 |
1.36 |
1.43 |
1.05 |
|
1984 |
0.72 |
1.03 |
1.37 |
1.49 |
0.72 |
|
1985 |
0.72 |
1.07 |
1.27 |
1.10 |
0.55 |
|
1986 |
0.77 |
1.27 |
1.15 |
1.61 |
0.49 |
Source: Estimated from cats collected from the study countries by the author.
Table 26. Nominal protection coefficients for mutton consumers in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
|
1970 |
0.95 |
0.62 |
0.86 |
0.90 |
|
1971 |
0.97 |
0.55 |
0.85 |
0.85 |
|
1972 |
1.01 |
0.46 |
0.77 |
0.66 |
|
1973 |
0.87 |
0.38 |
0.61 |
0.70 |
|
1974 |
0.76 |
0.58 |
0.75 |
0.71 |
|
1975 |
0.90 |
0.82 |
0.88 |
1.08 |
|
1976 |
0.77 |
0.81 |
0.94 |
0.93 |
|
1977 |
0.84 |
0.82 |
0.98 |
1.04 |
|
1978 |
0.87 |
0.80 |
0.90 |
0.42 |
|
1979 |
0.90 |
0.98 |
0.96 |
1.37 |
|
1980 |
0.82 |
0.95 |
0.97 |
157 |
|
1981 |
0.87 |
0.82 |
0.97 |
1.80 |
|
1982 |
1.00 |
0.80 |
1.06 |
1.50 |
|
1983 |
1.02 |
0.85 |
1.18 |
1.87 |
|
1984 |
1.05 |
0.68 |
1.19 |
1.97 |
|
1985 |
1.05 |
0.70 |
1.20 |
1.68 |
|
1986 |
1.23 |
0.99 |
1.06 |
2.40 |
Source: Estimated from data collected from the study countries by the author.
Table 27. Nominal protection coefficients for milk consumers in the study countries, 1972-86.
|
Year |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
1972 |
0.82 |
1.11 |
1.25 |
0.90 |
|
1973 |
0.75 |
1.11 |
1.07 |
0.87 |
|
1974 |
0.67 |
1.29 |
0.88 |
0.86 |
|
1975 |
0.77 |
1.57 |
1.06 |
0.91 |
|
1976 |
0.88 |
2.40 |
1.27 |
1.37 |
|
1977 |
0.78 |
2.62 |
1.12 |
1.30 |
|
1978 |
0.76 |
2.68 |
1.00 |
1.16 |
|
1979 |
0.63 |
2.29 |
0.79 |
1.01 |
|
1980 |
0.51 |
1.65 |
1.29 |
0.93 |
|
1981 |
0.44 |
1.46 |
1.16 |
0.89 |
|
1982 |
0.59 |
1.78 |
0.94 |
0.83 |
|
1983 |
0.55 |
1.59 |
1.42 |
0.67 |
|
1984 |
0.50 |
3.46 |
1.50 |
0.93 |
|
1985 |
0.50 |
3.30 |
1.37 |
1.04 |
|
1986 |
0.77 |
3.07 |
1.47 |
1.22 |
Note: The milk considered here is evaporated and condensed milk in the case of Nigeria, while for the rest of the countries it is reconstituted milk
Source: Estimated from data collected from the study countries by the author.
Table 28. Official and adjusted exchange rates in the study countries, 1970-86.
|
|
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe | |||||
|
|
OER |
AER |
OER |
AER |
OER |
AER |
OER |
AER |
OER |
AER |
|
Year |
$/FCFA 1000 |
$/FCFA 1000 |
$/N1 |
$/PD1 |
$/Z$1 | |||||
|
1970 |
3.60 |
3.60 |
3.60 |
3.60 |
1.40 |
1.40 |
2.87 |
2.87 |
1.40 |
1.40 |
|
1971 |
3.61 |
3.81 |
3.61 |
3.11 |
1.40 |
1.26 |
2.87 |
2.95 |
1.40 |
1.42 |
|
1972 |
3.97 |
3.93 |
3.97 |
2.98 |
1.52 |
1.27 |
2.87 |
2.69 |
1.52 |
1.42 |
|
1973 |
4.51 |
3.75 |
4.51 |
2.45 |
1.52 |
1.27 |
2.87 |
2.48 |
1.71 |
1.47 |
|
1974 |
4.16 |
3.55 |
4.16 |
2.67 |
1.59 |
1.25 |
2.87 |
2.18 |
1.70 |
1.53 |
|
1975 |
4.67 |
3.48 |
4.67 |
2.75 |
1.63 |
1.02 |
2.87 |
1.92 |
1.76 |
151 |
|
1976 |
4.19 |
3.28 |
4.19 |
2.69 |
1.60 |
0.89 |
2.87 |
2.00 |
1.60 |
1.44 |
|
1977 |
4.07 |
2.74 |
4.07 |
2.29 |
1.55 |
0.78 |
2.87 |
1.82 |
1.59 |
1.39 |
|
1978 |
4.44 |
2.61 |
4.44 |
1.85 |
1.58 |
0.69 |
2.66 |
1.64 |
1.48 |
1.42 |
|
1979 |
4.70 |
2.49 |
4.70 |
2.15 |
1.66 |
0.69 |
2.35 |
1.39 |
1.47 |
1.34 |
|
1980 |
4.74 |
2.47 |
4.74 |
2.00 |
1.83 |
0.71 |
2.00 |
1.26 |
1.56 |
1.44 |
|
1981 |
3.70 |
2.50 |
3.70 |
1.96 |
1.63 |
0.65 |
1.87 |
1.12 |
1.45 |
1.40 |
|
1982 |
3.06 |
2.47 |
3.06 |
2.04 |
1.49 |
0.64 |
1.07 |
0.94 |
1.32 |
1.34 |
|
1983 |
2.64 |
2.41 |
2.64 |
1.91 |
1.38 |
0.53 |
0.77 |
0.75 |
0.99 |
1.13 |
|
1984 |
2.30 |
2.41 |
2.30 |
1.77 |
1.31 |
0.40 |
0.77 |
0.58 |
0.80 |
0.98 |
|
1985 |
2.25 |
2.45 |
2.25 |
1.70 |
1.12 |
0.39 |
0.44 |
0.41 |
0.62 |
0.93 |
|
1986 |
2.89 |
2.34 |
2.89 |
1.81 |
0.74 |
0.39 |
0.40 |
0.34 |
0.60 |
0.83 |
Note: OER = Official exchange rate; AER = Adjusted exchange rate.
Sources: Official exchange rates from IMF (1987); adjusted exchange rates were estimated by the author.
Table 29. Consumer price indices in the study countries, 1970-86.a
|
Year |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Mali |
Nigeria |
Sudan |
Zimbabwe |
|
1970 |
32.29 |
26.13 |
23.81 |
20.70 |
48.40 |
|
1971 |
31.80 |
31.54 |
27.65 |
21.00 |
49.90 |
|
1972 |
31.91 |
33.97 |
28.40 |
23.80 |
51.30 |
|
1973 |
35.44 |
43.90 |
30.01 |
27.40 |
52.90 |
|
1974 |
41.59 |
44.81 |
33.77 |
34.60 |
56.40 |
|
1975 |
46.35 |
47.45 |
45.12 |
42.90 |
62.10 |
|
1976 |
51.95 |
51.27 |
55.07 |
43.60 |
68.90 |
|
1977 |
66.18 |
64.10 |
66.88 |
51.00 |
76.00 |
|
1978 |
74.79 |
85.40 |
81.40 |
60.80 |
80.30 |
|
1979 |
87.21 |
81.90 |
90.93 |
79.80 |
94.90 |
|
1980 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
100.00 |
|
1981 |
108.83 |
112.20 |
120.81 |
124.60 |
113.20 |
|
1982 |
116.81 |
114.80 |
130.11 |
156.60 |
125.20 |
|
1983 |
123.68 |
126.10 |
160.31 |
204.50 |
154.10 |
|
1984 |
128.99 |
142.00 |
223.77 |
274.30 |
185.20 |
|
1985 |
131.37 |
153.40 |
236.13 |
398.80 |
200.90 |
|
1986 |
140.11 |
146.60 |
238.65 |
492.00 |
229.70 |
1980 = 100.
a Food price index in the case of Mali.
Sources: ILO (1981; 1988); IMF (1987).
