All answers can be found in the text.
1.a. Land tenure is defined as a bundle of rights to resources. Name three entities in whom tenure to a given area of land may be vested.
i) __________
ii) __________
iii) __________
b. List three principal forms of grazing tenures.
i) __________
ii) __________
iii) __________
c. Write one most important difference between freehold tenure and customary tenure. __________
2. Define briefly the terms: carrying capacity, overgrazing and land degradation.
Carrying capacity__________
Overgrazing__________
Land degradation__________
3. Circle T for True and F for False.
i) Rainfall and soil fertility determine the rates of regeneration of grazing irrespective of intensity of use.
|
T |
F |
ii) Livestock output under open-access tenure will be higher but economic efficiency will be lower than under individual tenure.
|
T |
F |
iii) Where rainfall is highly variable in space, mobile herds provide less stability of income than do static ones.
|
T |
F |
iv) The problem of equity is more serious under open-access tenure than under communal tenure.
|
T |
F |
4.a. Which of the following constitute the major causes of failure in implementing the Tribal Grazing Land Programme Botswana? Tick (Ö) your answer(s).
i) The rationale for the programme was derived from the tragedy of commons which is not a valid concept.ii) Provisions that ranch holders graze their stock only on their allotted ranches were not enforced.
iii) In many cases, the ranches proved too big to be properly managed by their owners.
iv) Government did not take into account the lag time between policy formulation and implementation.
v) Levels of rent collection on leases were very low and could not suffice for the originally planned development programme in communal areas.
b. List three major objectives of the group ranches programme in the Maasai areas of Kenya.
i) __________
ii) __________
iii) __________
c. Explain the terms: opportunistic strategy and conservative strategy for controlling livestock numbers.
5.a. List two major hurdles each for implementing grazing tax and stock control policy by national governments to control overstocking.
Taxation
i) __________
ii) __________
Stock control
i) __________
ii) __________
b. Describe briefly the concept of "spontaneous" tenure charges. __________
c. Name two major criticisms of the customary tenure system. __________
i) __________
ii) __________
