Appendix I - Programme and Project Areas

ILRI'S Research Programmes: Objectives, Projects and Activities

Programme	Projects	Activities, Sites, Staffing, Budget
Biosciences Research Objectives Reduce poverty through research partnerships to develop products that improve livestock health, nutrition and genetics in developing countries.	- Characterisation, conservation and use of animal genetic resources (project 1) - Development of disease-resistant livestock (project 2) - Molecular basis of pathogenesis and disease resistance (project 3) - Immunology and vaccine development (project 4) - Improving livestock productivity through development of sub-unit vaccines (project 5) - Development and application of diagnostic tools in disease control and surveillance (project 6) - Epidemiology and disease control (project 7) - Feed improvement for improving livestock productivity (project 8) - Rumen microbiology for feed utilisation enhancement (project 9) - Characterisation and conservation of forage genetic resources (project 10)	- Development of vaccines and diagnostics for improved disease control - Identification and exploitation of disease-resistant breeds of indigenous livestock - Identification and utilisation of improved forages for improved ruminant nutrition - Development of improved technologies for determining constraints and delivery of control strategies Sites Nairobi (Kenya), Addis Ababa and Debre Zeit (Ethiopia), Pantacheru (India) and Los Banjos (Philippines). Staffing 46 internationally recruited staff. Budget $12,907 million in 1999.
Sustainable Production Systems Research Objectives The overall objectives are to improve the livelihood of people in the tropics and sub-tropics through research and research partnerships on technologies that improve the productivity and sustainability of smallholder systems. The specific objectives are to: - Increase production, household income and human welfare through increasing crop and livestock productivity - Conserve and arrest degradation of natural resources - Assess combined impacts of technologies and policies on ecological changes and human welfare at varying spatial and temporal scales - Contribute to regional and global agricultural development agenda aimed at food security, poverty alleviation and environmental protection	- Increasing returns to livestock research through systems analysis and impact assessment (project 11) - Policy analysis for improving productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems (project 12) - Improving productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems in: - the highlands of SSA and Asia, sub-humid and highlands of LAC and arid zones of WANA (project 13) - subhumid SSA and Asia (project 14) - semi-arid zones of SSA and Asia (project 15) - fragile environments in LAC (project 16) - WANA (project 17) - Improving livestock productivity under disease risk (project 18) - Improving productivity and sustainability of market-oriented smallholder dairy systems (project 19) - System-wide Livestock Programme (SLP)	- Development of livestock-related technologies and policies, based on agroecological knowledge and stakeholders' participation, to overcome constraints to crop-livestock systems improvements - Development of integrated NRM strategies to arrest degradation of natural resources - Assessment of the impact of technologies, policies and NRM strategies on food security, poverty eradication, human health and nutrition and environmental protection - Development of decision support systems for improvement of crop-livestock systems and NRM at different scales: farm, watershed, ecoregional - Transregional analysis of livestock based systems. Sites Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), Nairobi (Kenya), Niamey (Niger), Ibadan (Nigeria), Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso), Patencheru (India), Los Banos (Philippines), Lima (Peru) and Cali (Colombia). Staffing 36 internationally recruited staff. Budget US$ 11,378 million in 1999.
Strengthening Partnerships with NARS Objective To strengthen the capacity of NARS to develop and implement research leading to sustainable increases in the productivity of animal agricultural systems; and to enter into effective partnerships with ILRI.	Capacity development for strengthening NARS (project 20)	- Strengthening the capacity of staff within the national institutions to conduct and manage livestock research through the delivery of training, and through the provision of training resources to strengthen the capacity of NARS to design and deliver their own training - Providing access to the re-packaged information and knowledge generated by ILRI - Providing access to information resources (ILRI's and external resources), and strengthening the capacity of NARS to use information to support their scientists - Using networking as a mechanism to promote collaborative research Sites All ILRI sites and with key NARS. Staffing 10 internationally recruited staff. Budget $3,776 million in 1999.

ILRI PROJECTS: Objectives, Activities, Staff and Budget

ILRI Projects	Objectives	Activities	Scientist Years* (incl. VS)	Budget in 1999 (US$'000)1
1. Characterisation, conservation and use of animal genetic resources	To characterise indigenous livestock breeds, estimate the extent and rate of loss of diversity, contribute to their use and conservation and make them available for research and animal improvement programmes	Molecular genetic characterization Identification of unique traits and populations and data collection Develop strategies for conservation	1.5	612
2. Development of disease-resistant livestock	To develop and test genetic markers of trypanosomosis resistance in cattle and helminthosis resistance in sheep and to design breeding strategies that incorporate their use	Advanced genomics research for genetic markers of trypanosomosis and helminthosis resistance Design breeding strategies Characterisation of indigenous sheep and goat breeds in Africa and Southeast Asia	7.5 (incl. 2 VS)	1,977
3. Molecular basis of pathogenesis and disease resistance	To identify haemoparasitic components that will constitute anti-parasite and anti-disease vaccines for implementation in integrated control systems	Identification of haemoparasitic components for anti-parasite and anti-disease vaccines Research on mechanisms of host-parasite and host-vector interactions Identification and exploitation of molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in African wildlife	2.5	1,259
4. Immunology and vaccine development	To identify protective immune mechanisms and the antigens that provoke them, and definition of the inductive requirements of appropriate immune responses	Identification of protective antigens of haemoparasites and antigen delivery Characterize host immune responses to haemoparasite antigens Identify reagents and assays for evaluating the efficacy of vaccines	9.0 (incl. 2 VS)	1,933
5. Improving livestock productivity through development of sub-unit vaccines	To identify and evaluate protective antigens as candidate vaccines that can sustainably and cost-effectively be deployed in the Held within different production systems	Identify and evaluate protective antigens as candidate vaccines	6.0 (incl. 1 VS)	1,678
6. Development and application of diagnostic tools in disease control and surveillance	To develop serological and molecular diagnostic tools for identifying and characterising vector-home diseases	Development of standardised and validated diagnostic and characterisation tools for detecting vector-home pathogens	9.0 (incl. 3 VS)	1,921
7. Epidemiology and disease control	To identify issues that constrain use of disease control technologies and develop strategies for integrated use of technologies	Identify major issues constraining use of disease control technologies Development of strategies for integrated use of technologies and decision support systems	6.0	1,172
8. Feed utilization improvement for enhancing livestock productivity	To develop better methods for assessing the nutritive value of tropical feeds and the nutrient status of ruminants, to increase animal productivity through improved feed utilisation and to determine the relationships between feeds and productivity	Identification of feed quality traits for selection and genetic enhancement of crops with better-quality residues Improving feed efficiency through modified rumen ecosystems and kinetics of fibre digestion Information on effect of defaunation on ruminant productivity	3.0	1,162
9. Rumen microbiology for feed utilisation enhancement	To characterize rumen microorganisms for their effects on rumen fermentation and detoxification of anti-nutritional compounds and to promote the use of better-adapted strains for increasing the nutritional status of tropical livestock.	Characterization of rumen micro-organisms for improved ability to utilize fibrous feeds and detoxify anti-nutritional factors Identification of indigenous plants with anti-protozoal activity Identification of the anti-protozoal agent in Sesbania sesban and Enterelobium cyclocarpum	1.0	317
10. Conservation and characterisation of forage genetic resources	To conserve and characterise forage biodiversity and to ensure its use in (he development of livestock feeds	Conservation of forage germplasm Characterization of morphological, molecular and phytochemical traits of key species Distribution of disease-free germplasm for forage research and development	3.0	875
11. Increasing returns to livestock research through systems analysis and impact assessment	Through the use of ex-ante impact assessment, to contribute to ILRI's ability to identify researchable issues that will, if resolved, enhance livestock productivity and increase overall agricultural productivity, reduce poverty and maintain the natural resource base	Development of methods and models for ex-ante and ex-post socio-economic, environmental and biophysical impact assessment Compilation of standardised livestock and natural resource management databases Characterisation of global livestock production systems and the identification of criteria by which to evaluate research Development of decision support systems for technology delivery and use	7.0 (inc. 1 VS)	1,406
12. Policy analysis for improving productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems	To quantify the impact of livestock policy and institutional reform options on technology uptake for livestock.	Collection of information on how policies, institutions and farm-level factors interact to influence the adoption of new technologies, the production, marketing, consumption and trade of livestock and livestock products, the sustainable delivery of livestock services and the sustainable use of the natural resource base Quantification of the impact of livestock policy and institutional reform options on technology uptake for livestock. Development of strategies to support smallholder participation in dairy development	7.5	1,532
13. Improving crop-livestock systems and sustainability in the highlands of SSA and Asia	To develop biophysical, social and economic interventions that strengthen the contributions of livestock to increased farm productivity while protecting the environment	Development of conceptual frameworks, methodologies and tools for natural resource management and nutrient cycling Development of models of the impact of livestock on the environment	5.25 (incl. 1 VS)	1,127
14. Improving productivity and sustainability in crop-livestock systems of sub-humid Asia and SSA	To develop technical and socio-economic interventions that increase the contributions of livestock to productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems in the subhumid ecozone	Development of conceptual frameworks, methodologies and tools for nutrient cycling and natural resource management Development of models and technological options for increasing feed from crop-based systems Identification and description of farming systems in rainfed areas in Southeast Asia Ex-ante impact assessments of technologies for improving livestock productivity and natural resources management	4.5	1,107
15. Improving productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems in semi-arid SSA and Asia	To develop livestock-related technologies and determine policy options that would improve the productivity of integrated crop-livestock systems in semi-arid SSA and Asia	Development of technological options to increase output through improved feeding systems and better use of manure and other soil amendments Development of technological options to increase production and prevent degradation of range and fallow lands Policy options and institutional arrangements to promote technology adoption and improved management of grazing resources	3.0	1,011
16. Improving productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems in fragile environments in LAC	To strengthen livestock-related research by regional consortia addressing biotechnical and policy constraints limiting smallholder agricultural productivity and the sustainable management of natural resources in fragile ecosystems	Systems analyses and ex ante impact assessment of interventions on production, farm income and the resource base in bench mark sites Validation of technologies in a participatory manner on-farm by a consortia of research and development institutions	1.0	362
17. Improving productivity and sustainability of crop-livestock systems in WANA	To identify and research biotechnical constraints affecting the provision of ruminant feed, nutrient cycling and natural resource management, characterise local breeds of small ruminants, identify disease constraints and contribute to the development of regional research capacity on livestock policy analysis	Identification of biotechnical constraints affecting the provision of ruminant feed, nutrient cycling and natural resource management Characterisation of local breeds of small ruminants Identification of disease constraints Development of regional research capacity on livestock policy analysis	<0.5	197
18. Improving livestock productivity under disease risk	To promote wider and better use of disease resistant livestock; assess feasibility, adoption, impact and sustainability of alternative control strategies; develop strategies for using or selecting livestock with enhanced resistance to tropical diseases; and develop decision-support tools for targeting trypanosomosis control interventions	Assessing feasibility, adoption, impact and sustainability of alternative control strategies Developing strategies for using or selecting livestock with enhanced resistance to tropical diseases Developing decision-support tools for targeting trypanosomosis control interventions	2.25	1,467
19. Improving productivity and sustainability of smallholder dairy systems	Through a production-to-consumption systems approach, to understand the evolution of dairy systems and identify constraints to, and opportunities for, improving smallholder dairy systems by developing policies that foster conducive operational environments and developing and testing technologies, tools and methods that can be applied widely	Identification of biological and policy constraints to, and opportunities for, improving smallholder dairy systems Developing and testing technologies, tools and methods	5.0	2,116
20. Capacity development for strengthening NARS	To strengthen the research capacity of those components of national agricultural research systems that seek to improve the productivity of livestock and crop-livestock systems. To provide mechanisms and systems to allow ILRI to function as a knowledge broker for livestock research and development.	To co-ordinate and back-stop NARS-ILRI collaborative research networks, and to synthesise the results coming from network research. To provide targeted training for NARS scientists and to support ILRl's research partnerships in NARS To use ILRI information and knowledge to develop training resources in key research areas to strengthen the capacity of NARS to train and educate their own staff. To establish Internet-based information systems to repackage and widely distribute ILRI knowledge and information services.	10.0	3,778
System-wide Livestock Programme	To strengthen the capacity of national partners for livestock research through training, information services and collaborative research networks	Developing technologies for improving supply, quality and quantity of livestock feeds Matching livestock nutritional requirements and local feed resources through improved feeding strategies Identification of technological options and policies for sustainable management of natural resources in crop-livestock systems.	1.0	1.053
Total			95.52	28,061.3

1 The budget includes programme support and all the indirect costs allocated pro-rata.
² Scientist Years include 10 Visiting Scientists (VS) Years.