byJ. M. Suttie
byFAO Plant Production and Protection Series No. 29
Food and
Agriculture
Organization
of the
United
Nations
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2000
|
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations "developed" and "developing" economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country, country territory or area in the development process. |
ISBN: 92-5-104458-9
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© FAO 2000
Types of hay
Principles
The main operations in haymaking
Losses in haymaking
Haymaking
Practice and equipment
Manual haymaking
Haymaking using draught animal power
Simple mechanization
Modern systems
Storage
CHAPTER III HAY CROPS - CULTIVATION METHODS
CHAPTER IV ESTABLISHMENT AND CULTIVATION OF SPECIALIZED CROPS FOR HAY
Establishing pasture grasses
Legume establishment and seed treatment
CHAPTER V HAY CROPS - CEREALS AND GRASSES
CHAPTER VI HAY CROPS - LEGUMES AND PULSES
CHAPTER VII HAY FROM NATURAL PASTURE
Choice of land for haymaking
Communally managed hay-lands
The quality problem of tropical grasses
Types of natural hay
Natural hay in temperate areas
Hay from shrubs
Management of natural hay lands
Haymaking
CHAPTER VIII CHOICE OF HAY CROPS
Crops, cultivars and climate
Factors affecting crop choice
Lean season feeding strategies
Hay crops for different climates
Humid and sub-humid tropical and subtropical zones
Distinct wet-and-dry season zones
Mediterranean lands
Arid and semi-arid zones
Winter-cold zones
Straw
Stover
Traditional storage and utilization systems
Better harvesting and storing
Straw treatment
Other field crops
CHAPTER X USING HAY AND DRY RESIDUES
Seasonal planning
Feeding values of some dried forages
Treatment of crop residues (and poor hay)
Case Study 1. Haymaking in Ethiopia
Case Study 2. La production de foin au Sahel et en Savane en Afrique de l'Ouest [Hay in the Sahel and Savannah zones of West Africa]Case Study 3. Hay in Erzerum Province - Eastern Turkey
Case Study 4. Hay development in China - 1. Irrigated hay in Altai Khazak Prefecture, Xinjiang (A fully transhumant system adopting irrigated hay for winter use)
Case Study 5. Hay development in China - 2. Legume hay in Liaoning (A farming community fattening livestock)
Case Study 6. Hay development in China - 3. Fodder for environmental improvement on the Loess Plateau (Erosion control and development through forestry and pasture in Xiji County, Ningxia Autonomous Region)
Case Study 7. Hay and straw in Afghanistan (Fodder conservation for long winters)
Case Study 8. Hay from natural pasture in Mongolia (The change from cooperative to private stock-rearing in a purely pastoral economy)
Case Study 9. Hay and crop residues in Pakistan - 1. Hay and fodder in mixed systems and for sale
Case Study 10. Hay and crop residues in Pakistan - 2. Hay in the northern areas (A settled community with some transhumant stock)
Case Study 11. Hay and crop residues in India and NepalCase Study 12. Alfalfa hay production by small-scale farmers in the Chaco - A semi-arid region in Santiago del Estero Province, NW Argentina
Case Study 13. Dry-season feeding: A case study from Nicaragua
CHAPTER XII SMALL-SCALE FARM HAY IN THE FUTURE