Planning and Management for Sustainable Coastal Aquaculture Development

IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP
Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects
of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP)

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2001

ISBN 92-5-104634-4
ISSN 1020-4873
© UN, UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, WHO, WMO, IMO, IAEA 2001

Table of Contents

Cover photo: Shrimp aquaculture ponds in Mexico.

Courtesy of Mr José Aguilar-Manjarrez, Fisheries Department, FAO, Rome.

ISBN 92-5-104634-4
ISSN 1020-4873
© UN, UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, WHO, WMO, IMO, IAEA 2001

For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as:

GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection), 2001. Planning and management for sustainable coastal aquaculture development. Rep.Stud.GESAMP, (68): 90 p.

Table of Contents

NOTES

PREPARATION OF THIS STUDY

ABSTRACT

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

PART ONE: GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT

1. GUIDELINES

1.1 BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE

1.1.1 The status of aquaculture development
1.1.2 Sustainable Development
1.1.3 The costs and benefits of coastal aquaculture development
1.1.4 The need for planning and management of the aquaculture sector

1.2 AQUACULTURE AND COASTAL MANAGEMENT - A BRIEF REVIEW OF THEORY AND PRACTICE

1.2.1 The scope of coastal management
1.2.2 Enhanced sectoral management (ESM)
1.2.3 Coastal zone and integrated coastal management
1.2.4 Lessons learned
1.2.5 Conclusions and recommendations

1.3 GUIDING PRINCIPLES

1.3.1 Adherence to Rio Principles
1.3.2 Integration and co-ordination
1.3.3 Public involvement
1.3.4 Assessment of costs and benefits
1.3.5 Estimation of environmental capacity
1.3.6 Emphasis on incentives rather than constraints
1.3.7 Control of effects rather than scale of activity
1.3.8 Evaluation, iteration and adaptation
1.3.9 Effective institutions and representative organizations

1.4 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS

1.4.1 Ideal frameworks

1.5 THE PLANNING PROCESS

1.5.1 Main stages
1.5.2 Operational components
1.5.3 Identifying the mechanism and level of planning
1.5.4 Gaining the trust, involvement and commitment of key stakeholders
1.5.5 Understanding the development context
1.5.6 Understanding the development options
1.5.7 Definition of goals and objectives
1.5.8 Identifying development priorities and preferred options
1.5.9 Conflict identification and resolution
1.5.10 Defining broad management strategy
1.5.11 Planning instruments: incentives and constraints
1.5.12 Monitoring, reporting, evaluation and response/adaptation procedures
1.5.13 Institutional arrangements and implementing structures
1.5.14 Formal adoption of the plan
1.5.15 Implementation and adaptation
1.5.16 Criteria for evaluation of integrating aquaculture into coastal management

1.6 REFERENCES

PART TWO: TOOLS AND METHODS

2. TOOLS AND METHODS

2.1 INSTITUTIONAL AND STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS

2.1.1 Institutional analysis
2.1.2 Stakeholder analysis

2.2 PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT

2.2.1 Rapid rural appraisal and participatory rural appraisal
2.2.2 Socio-economic survey

2.3 REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
2.4 ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY AND LIMITS TO CHANGE

2.4.1 General approach to estimating environmental capacity
2.4.2 Models of phytoplankton dynamics and environmental capacity
2.4.3 Models of the input of organic matter to the seabed
2.4.4 Tropical versus temperate systems
2.4.5 Relation to other components
2.4.6 Conclusions and recommendations

2.5 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT

2.5.1 Screening
2.5.2 Location and siting requirements
2.5.3 Market assessment
2.5.4 Financial analysis
2.5.5 Risk assessment
2.5.6 Resource utilization and the generation of goods and services
2.5.7 Socio-economic characteristics
2.5.8 Sustainability profile
2.5.9 Technology assessment of aquaculture in practice

2.6 TARGETS AND STANDARDS

2.6.1 Environmental targets

2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
2.8 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS (CBA)

2.8.1 Experience review
2.8.2 Strengths and weaknesses
2.8.3 Conclusions and recommendations

2.9 CONSULTATIVE AND PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES TO ALLOCATION DECISIONS
2.10 CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION AND RESOLUTION

2.10.1 Arbitration
2.10.2 Mediation
2.10.3 Negotiation
2.10.4 Techniques
2.10.5 Pre-conditions

2.11 ZONING

2.11.1 Main applications
2.11.2 Main approaches
2.11.3 Main attributes
2.11.4 Experience
2.11.5 Strengths and weaknesses
2.11.6 Recommendations

2.12 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS: INCENTIVES AND CONSTRAINTS

2.12.1 Administrative instruments
2.12.2 Economic instruments
2.12.3 Markets and labelling

2.13 MONITORING AND FEEDBACK

2.13.1 Ecological monitoring
2.13.2 Social and economic monitoring
2.13.3 Conclusions and recommendations

2.14 REFERENCES
2.15 GLOSSARY

REPORTS AND STUDIES GESAMP

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