reference material |
available |
(re-)development |
aflatoxin M1 in milk powder |
x |
|
aflatoxin M1 calibrant |
x |
|
total aflatoxins in peanut butter |
x |
(x) |
aflatoxin B1 in peanut meal |
x |
|
aflatoxin B1 in feedstuff |
x |
|
ochratoxin A in wheat |
x |
|
DON in maize and wheat |
x |
|
zearalenone in maize |
x |
|
zearalenone calibrant |
x |
|
trichothecene calibrants |
|
x |
Note: Materials developed by the Bureau Communautaire de Reférénce (BCR) as of December 2003
Mycotoxin regulations for food and feedingstuffs for countries surveyed (as of December 2003)
Myc Reg INFO |
Country |
aC |
POP |
Myc Reg INFO |
Country |
aC |
POP |
Myc Reg INFO |
Country |
aC |
POP |
Myc Reg INFO |
Country |
aC |
POP |
TOTALs Population in millions |
TOTALs Population % |
|
|||||||||||||||||
+ - + |
Algeria |
DZ |
33.578 |
+ - - |
Dominican Republic 1991 |
DO |
9.220 |
+ + + |
Luxembourg [EU] |
LU |
0.452 |
+ + + |
Serbia and Montenegro |
YU |
10.494 |
|
|
- - - |
Antigua and Barbuda 1991 |
AG |
0.070 |
- - - |
Ecuador 1991 |
EC |
12.472 |
+ - - |
Macedonia, FYR of 1981 |
MK |
2.115 |
+ + - |
Singapore |
SG |
4.225 |
|
|
+ + - |
Argentina |
AR |
36.993 |
+ - + |
Egypt |
EG |
69.296 |
+ - - |
Malawi 1987 |
MW |
11.266 |
+ + - |
Slovakia [EU cms] |
SK |
5.381 |
|
|
+ + - |
Armenia |
AM |
3.913 |
+ + + |
Estonia [EU cms] |
EE |
1.268 |
+ - - |
Malaysia |
MY |
24.014 |
+ + + |
Slovenia [EU cms] |
SI |
1.952 |
|
|
+ - - |
Australia |
AU |
19.978 |
- - - |
Ethiopia |
ET |
69.982 |
+ + - |
Malta [EU cms] |
MT |
0.383 |
+ + - |
South Africa |
ZA |
45.919 |
|
|
+ + + |
Austria [EU] |
AT |
8.037 |
+ + + |
EUROPEAN UNION |
EU |
|
+ - - |
Mauritius 1987 |
MU |
1.243 |
+ + + |
Spain [EU] |
ES |
41.547 |
|
|
- - - |
Bahamas |
BS |
0.320 |
+ + + |
Finland [EU] |
FI |
5.215 |
+ + - |
MERCOSUR |
|
|
+ - - |
Sri Lanka |
LK |
19.615 |
|
|
- - - |
Bahrain 1995 |
BH |
0.731 |
+ + + |
France [EU] |
FR |
59.304 |
+ - + |
Mexico |
MX |
101.457 |
+ - - |
Sudan |
SD |
37.986 |
|
|
- - + |
Bangladesh |
BD |
138.901 |
+ + + |
Germany [EU] |
DE |
81.904 |
+ + - |
Moldova, Republic of |
MD |
4.230 |
+ - + |
Suriname |
SR |
0.457 |
|
|
+ + + |
Barbados 1991 |
BB |
0.264 |
- - - |
Ghana |
GH |
19.851 |
+ + + |
Morocco |
MA |
30.457 |
+ + + |
Sweden [EU] |
SE |
8.873 |
|
|
+ + + |
Belgium [EU] |
BE |
10.339 |
+ + + |
Greece [EU] |
GR |
11.100 |
+ + + |
Mozambique |
MZ |
18.151 |
+ + + |
Switzerland |
CH |
7.376 |
|
|
+ - - |
Belize 1991 |
BZ |
0.257 |
+ - + |
Guatemala 1991 |
GT |
14.223 |
- - - |
Myanmar |
MM |
51.853 |
+ + + |
Syrian Arab Rep. |
SY |
18.444 |
|
|
+ + - |
Belarus |
BY |
10.045 |
+ + - |
Honduras 1991 |
HN |
6.606 |
+ - + |
Nepal |
NP |
25.836 |
+ + + |
Taiwan Province of China |
TW |
23.614 |
|
|
- - - |
Benin |
BJ |
6.739 |
+ - - |
Hong Kong SAR (China) |
HK |
6.827 |
+ + + |
Netherlands, The [EU] |
NL |
16.258 |
+ - + |
Tanzania, United Rep. of |
TZ |
34.828 |
|
|
- - - |
Bolivia 1991 |
BO |
8.676 |
+ + - |
Hungary [EU cms] |
HU |
10.164 |
+ - - |
New Zealand |
NZ |
3.786 |
+ - - |
Thailand |
TH |
63.394 |
|
|
+ - - |
Bosnia & Herzegovina 1981 |
BA |
4.207 |
+ + + |
Iceland |
IS |
0.294 |
- - - |
Nicaragua 1991 |
NI |
5.778 |
- - - |
Trinidad and Tobago 1991 |
TT |
1.362 |
|
|
+ + + |
Brazil |
BR |
179.713 |
+ - + |
India |
IN |
1067.421 |
+ - - |
Nigeria |
NG |
150.540 |
+ + - |
Tunisia |
TN |
9.880 |
|
|
+ + - |
Bulgaria [EU cms] |
BG |
7.918 |
+ + - |
Indonesia |
ID |
217.825 |
+ + + |
Norway |
NO |
4.551 |
+ + + |
Turkey [EU cms] |
TR |
73.197 |
|
|
- - - |
Burkina Faso |
BF |
11.863 |
+ + + |
Iran, Islamic Rep. of |
IR |
66.469 |
+ - + |
Oman 1995 |
OM |
3.100 |
- - - |
Uganda |
UG |
25.475 |
|
|
- - - |
Cameroon |
CM |
16.341 |
- - - |
Iraq 1995 |
IQ |
26.299 |
- - - |
Pakistan |
PK |
153.125 |
+ + + |
Ukraine |
UA |
47.637 |
|
|
+ - + |
Canada |
CA |
31.720 |
+ + + |
Ireland [EU] |
IE |
3.968 |
- - - |
Panama 1991 |
PA |
2.991 |
- - - |
United Arab Emirates 1995 |
AE |
3.219 |
|
|
+ + + |
Chile |
CL |
15.266 |
+ + + |
Israel |
IL |
6.556 |
+ + - |
Paraguay |
PY |
6.029 |
+ + + |
United Kingdom [EU] |
GB |
59.040 |
|
|
+ + - |
China |
CN |
1311.864 |
+ + + |
Italy [EU] |
IT |
56.210 |
+ + - |
Peru |
PE |
27.083 |
+ + + |
United States of America |
US |
291.640 |
|
|
info |
CODEX |
|
|
+ - - |
Jamaica 1991 |
JM |
2.773 |
+ - + |
Philippines, The |
PH |
81.636 |
+ + + |
Uruguay |
UY |
3.453 |
|
|
+ - + |
Colombia |
CO |
44.533 |
+ - + |
Japan |
JP |
127.708 |
+ + + |
Poland [EU cms] |
PL |
38.577 |
+ + - |
Venezuela |
VZ |
23.866 |
|
|
+ - + |
Costa Rica 1991 |
CR |
4.149 |
+ - + |
Jordan 1981 |
JO |
5.612 |
+ + + |
Portugal [EU] |
PT |
10.367 |
+ + - |
Viet Nam |
VN |
81.660 |
|
|
- - + |
Côte d'Ivoire 1987 |
CI |
18.301 |
+ - - |
Kenya 1981 |
KE |
32.499 |
- - - |
Qatar 1995 |
QA |
0.630 |
+ + - |
Yemen |
YE |
22.605 |
|
|
+ + - |
Croatia |
HR |
4.3974 |
+ + + |
Korea, Rep. of |
KR |
46.852 |
+ + + |
Romania [EU cms] |
RO |
21.590 |
- - - |
Zambia |
ZM |
11.194 |
|
|
+ - + |
Cuba |
CU |
11.823 |
+ + - |
Kuwait 1995 |
KW |
1.984 |
+ + - |
Russian Federation |
RU |
141.364 |
+ - + |
Zimbabwe 1995 |
ZW |
14.301 |
|
|
+ + + |
Cyprus [EU cms] |
CY |
0.935 |
+ + + |
Latvia [EU cms] |
LV |
2.290 |
+ - + |
Salvador, El 1991 |
SV |
6.179 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ + + |
Czech Republic [EU cms] |
CZ |
10.290 |
+ + + |
Liechtenstein |
LI |
0.035 |
+ + - |
Saudi Arabia [1995] |
SA |
22.736 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
+ + + |
Denmark [EU] |
DK |
5.387 |
+ + + |
Lithuania [EU cms] |
LT |
3.492 |
- - + |
Senegal 1987 |
SN |
11.327 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Population of countries surveyed about mycotoxin regulations |
5975.002 |
94.0 |
|||||||||||||||
Population of remaining countries without information about mycotoxin regulations |
380.541 |
6.0 |
|||||||||||||||
World population for all countries and regions |
6355.544 |
100.0 |
|||||||||||||||
Explanation of symbols under Myc(otoxin) Reg(ulation) INFO:
|
|||||||||||||||||
Data on population estimates for 2003 was obtained from Internet-World-Stats (available at www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm) |
|||||||||||||||||
|
Mycotoxins |
Abbreviations used here |
CAS Registry Number |
aflatoxin B1 |
afla B1 |
1162-65-8 |
aflatoxin B2 |
|
7220-81-7 |
aflatoxin G1 |
|
1165-39-5 |
aflatoxin G2 |
|
7241-98-7 |
aflatoxins B1B2G1G2 |
afla B1B2G1G2 |
|
aflatoxin M1 |
afla M1 |
6795-23-9 |
aflatoxin M2 |
afla M2 |
6885-57-0 |
agaric acid |
|
666-99-9 |
deoxynivalenol |
DON |
51481-10-8 |
diacetoxyscirpenol |
DAS |
2270-40-8 |
fumonisin B1 |
|
116355-83-0 |
fumonisin B2 |
|
116355-84-1 |
fumonisin B3 |
|
136379-59-4 |
HT-2 toxin |
|
26934-87-2 |
ochratoxin A |
|
303-47-9 |
patulin |
|
149-29-1 |
phomopsin A |
|
64925-80-0 |
sterigmatocystin |
|
10048-13-2 |
T-2 toxin |
|
21259-20-1 |
zearalenone |
|
17924-92-4 |
Note: Specific references have been entered in Table 3 as letter/number combinations in square brackets, where the letters conform to the relevant country code (see also Table 2) and the numbers with the chronological order of referencing the regulatory details of the specific countries. Abbreviations used in the column "Responsible authority" are further clarified, together with the references, in the List of Abbreviations and References for Table 3.
Commodity |
(Sum of) Mycotoxin(s) |
Limit (µg/kg) |
Legal basis |
Responsible authority |
Sampling method |
Analytical method |
Remarks |
||
status |
ref. |
status |
ref. |
||||||
|
|||||||||
Food |
|||||||||
peanuts, nuts, cereals |
afla B1 |
10 |
|
MT |
non-official |
|
official |
DZ1 |
|
afla B1B2G1G2 |
20 |
|
|
|
|
||||
Feed |
|||||||||
cattle feed |
afla B1 |
20 |
|
MT |
non-official |
|
official |
DZ2 |
|
2003: situation 1991: no regulations [FAO 1997]