TABLES

TABLES : EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Table 1: Orders of Magnitude for Africa's Contribution to Investment

	Investment (US$ billion) (rounded off)
Objective of investment	Immediate: 2002-2005		Short term: 2006-2010		Medium term: 2010-2015		Total: 2002-2015 **
	Total	Africa	Total	Africa	Total	Africa	Total	Africa
Investment:
Land and water investment	10	4	20	10	7	4	37	18
Rural infrastructure	22	9	35	17	32	18	89	44
Trade-related capacities for improved market access	1	0	1	0	1	0	3	1
National Food Security	1	0	3	1	3	2	7	3
Regional food security	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1
Research & Technology	1	0	1	0	3	2	5	2
*Sub-total*	35	13	60	29	46	26	*141*	68
Operations & Maintenance:
Land and water	2	1	12	6	18	10	32	17
Rural infrastructure	7	3	13	6	17	9	37	18
*Sub-total*	9	4	25	12	35	19	69	35
Humanitarian, etc.:
*Safety nets and emergencies*	12	5	15	6	15	6	35	17

Rounding off error adjustment	-	-	-	-	-	-	- 1	-
Total	56	22	100	50	96	53	251	125
Annual total	13.9	5.5	20.0	10.0	19.2	10.6	18.0	8.9

Note: In this table, the ratio of Africa's contribution has been kept the same for all objectives of investment. In reality, Africa's capacity to invest varies according to whether heavy infrastructure or emergencies etc. is involved. Such detail, however, can be taken up at planning stage. The function of this table is to provide indicative magnitude of the investment envelope Africa could plan towards.

** Because of rounding off, the numbers do not necessarily add up to the exact totals for each column or row to the reference numbers in Appendix Table 1.

TABLES : CHAPTER 1

Table 2: Estimates of Overall Investment

	Estimated investment US$ billions (rounded)
Objective of investment	Immediate (to 2005)	Short term (2005-2010)	Medium term (2010-2015)	Total
Land and water	10	20	7	37
Land and water systems: operations and maintenance	2	12	18	32
Other rural infrastructure	23	37	33	94
Other rural infrastructure: operations and maintenance	7	13	17	37
Trade-related capacities for improved market access	0.8	1.5	0.5	2.8
Safety nets and emergencies	12	15	15	42
National programmes for food security	1	2	3	6
Regional programmes for food security	0	1	0	1
All investment	56	100	95	251

Table 3: A Possible Scenario Regarding Financing Sources for Agriculture under NEPAD

Source of investment	Share of total investment (%)
Source of investment	Now (base estimate)	Immediate future (2002-2005)	Short term (2006-2010)	Medium term (2011-2015)
Africa
Public domestic sources	35	35	40	40
Private domestic	n.a.	5	10	15
*Sub-total*	35	40	50	55
External
Concessional assistance (i.e. ODA)	52	45	35	30
Non-concessional loans	13	10	10	5
Foreign direct Investment (private)	n.a.	5	5	10
*Sub-total*	65	60	50	45
Total	100	100	100	100

Table 4: Gross Estimates of Investment by Source

Source of investment	Share of total investment (US$ billion)
Source of investment	Immediate future (2002-2005)	Short term (2006-2010)	Medium term (2011-2015)	Total (2002-2015)
Africa
Public domestic sources	19.6	40.0	37.8	97.4
Private domestic	2.8	10.0	14.2	27.0
*Sub-total*	*22.4*	*50.0*	*52.0*	*104.4*
External
Concessional assistance (i.e. ODA)	25.2	35.0	28.3	88.5
Non-concessional loans	5.6	10.0	4.7	20.3
Foreign direct Investment (private)	2.8	5.0	9.5	17.3
*Sub-total*	*33.6*	*50.0*	*42.5*	*126.1*
Rounding off error adjustment	-	-	-	0.8
Total	56.0	100.0	94.5	251.3
Annual	14.0	20.1	18.9	17.9

TABLES : CHAPTER 2

Table 5: Soil Constraints

	Total area (`000 km²)	Hydromorphy (`000 km²)	%	Low Nutrient Reserve (`000 km²)	%	Aluminium Toxicity (`000 km²)	%	High P-fixation (`000 km²)	%
Sub-Saharan Africa	23 621	1 904	8	3 714	16	4 366	19	982	4
North Africa and Near East	12 379	79	1	292	2	1	0	0	0
Asia and Pacific	28 989	3 083	11	1 105	4	3 906	14	1 395	5
North Asia, East of Urals	21 033	4 735	23	11	0	732	4	0	0
South and Central America	20 498	2 086	10	982	5	8 019	39	3 016	15
North America	21 410	3 388	16	0	0	2 219	10	1	0
Europe	6 557	1 059	16	44	1	545	8	0	0
World	134 487	16 262	12	6 148	5	19 788	15	5 393	4

Table 6: Unit Investment Costs, US$

Regional Economic Organisation	Large irrigation schemes	Rehab. of large irrigation schemes	Small irrigation schemes	Inland valley bottoms	Soil and water conservation	Land improvement
UMA	6 000	2 000	2 000	600	300	100
UEMOA	15 000	5 000	4 000	600	300	100
ECOWAS	10 000	3 000	3 000	600	300	100
COMESA	10 000	3 000	3 000	600	300	100
IGAD	10 000	3 000	3 000	600	300	100
CEMAC	10 000	3 000	3 000	600	300	100
CEN-SAD	10 000	3 000	3 000	600	300	100
CEEAC	10 000	3 000	3 000	600	300	100
SADC	9 000	3 000	2 500	600	300	100

Table 7: Estimated Investments in Irrigation in Main Regions, US$ million

Region	1960's	1970's	1980's	1990's	1960-2000³⁸
Asia (Developing)	17 005	27 308	46 315	114 168	204 797
Africa	3 177	4 270	10 544	18 815	36 806
Latin America & The Caribbean	3 152	7 124	11 259	19 855	41 390
Total	23 334	38 702	68 119	152 838	282 992

Table 8: Projections for Water Management and Land Improvements 2015

	Area to be developed/rehabilitated (1 000 ha)				Estimated Investment Cost (US$ million)
Regional Economic Grouping	On-farm and small scale irrigation development including land improvement	Rehab. of large scale irrigation schemes	Large scale irrigation schemes	Total	On-farm and small scale irrigation development including land improvement	Rehab. of large scale irrigation schemes	Large scale irrigation schemes	Total
UMA	3 925	481	333	4 739	1 708	980	2 060	4 748
UEMOA	3 718	86	71	3 875	1 564	385	1 023	2 972
ECOWAS	11 244	181	138	11 563	4 073	683	1 733	6 489
COMESA	12 274	2 509	1 242	16 025	5 534	5 944	7 676	19 154
IGAD	7 610	1 202	221	9 033	3 683	3 101	2 352	9 136
CEMAC	1 647	24	33	1 670	814	85	378	1 277
CEN-SAD	16 162	2 604	1 435	18 766	6 719	6 124	9 158	22 001
CEEAC	2 838	157	68	2 996	1 370	486	722	2 578
SADC	7 742	589	248	8 579	3 298	1 764	2 269	7 331

Table 9: Annual Investment and Maintenance Requirements to 2015 (US$ million)

	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
	Immediate				Short term					Medium term
Investments
Large scale irrigation	0	0	0	0	1 359	2 718	2 718	2 718	1 359	1 359	679	679	0	0
Rehabilitation of large scale irrigation	1 780	1 780	1 780	1 780	1 780	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Small scale irrigation	0	394	788	788	788	788	788	788	788	394	394	394	394	394
Wetland and Inland valley bottoms	0	0	0	0	218	435	435	435	218	218	109	109	0	0
Water harvesting, soil & water conservation	46	69	115	115	115	115	172	172	230	230	230	287	287	115
Land improvement	0	102	203	203	203	203	203	203	203	102	102	102	102	102
*Total investment*	*1 826*	*2 345*	*2 886*	*2 886*	*4 463*	*4 259*	*4 317*	*4 317*	*2 797*	*2 302*	*1 513*	*1 571*	*783*	*610*
*Sub-Total*	*9 943*				*20 153*					*6 779*
*Total Investments*	*36 875*
Operation and maintenance (O&M)
Large scale irrigation schemes	0	0	0	0	136	408	679	951	1 087	1 223	1 291	1 359	1 359	1 359
Rehabilitation of large scale irrigation schemes	134	267	401	534	668	668	668	668	668	668	668	668	668	668
Small scale irrigation schemes	0	79	236	394	552	709	867	1 025	1 182	1 261	1 340	1 419	1 498	1 576
Wetland and Inland valley bottoms	0	0	0	0	7	20	33	46	52	59	62	65	65	65
Water harvesting, soil and water conservation	2	5	9	14	18	23	30	37	46	55	64	76	87	92
Land improvement	0	2	6	10	14	18	22	26	30	33	35	37	39	41
*Total O&M*	*135*	*352*	*652*	*952*	*1 394*	*1 845*	*2 299*	*2 752*	*3 066*	*3 298*	*3 459*	*3 623*	*3 715*	*3 801*
*Sub-Total*	*2 091*				*11 356*					*17 896*
*Total Maintenance*	*31 343*

TABLES : CHAPTER 3

Table 10: Road Infrastructure in Africa, by Sub-region

	North Africa	Dry Sahelian Belt	Gulf of Guinea	Central Africa	East Africa	Southern Africa	Islands	Sub-Saharan Africa	Africa
Roads - total (1 000 Km)	273	134	320	312	234	765	52	1 817	2 090
Roads - paved (1 000 Km)	177	19	82	41	21	113	8	284	461
Roads - unpaved (1 000 Km)	97	115	239	271	213	651	44	1 533	1 630
Share paved roads (%)	65	14	26	13	1	15	15	15.6	22
Km Roads/ 1 000 pop.	2.0	1.40	1.97	3.69	10	7.68	3.10	2.8	2.7

Table 11: Road Infrastructure in Africa compared to other developing regions

Region	Total Roads	Paved Roads	Unpaved Roads	% Paved
	000' kms
Africa	2 750	572	2 178	27
North Africa	274	177	97	65
Sub Saharan Africa	1 817	284	1 533	16
Developing Countries	14 256	4 806	9 450	34
Latin America and the Caribbean	3 235	534	2 701	17
East Asia	2 118	703	1 414	33
South Asia	3 858	1 700	2 158	44

Table 12: Infrastructure - Africa in World Perspective

Aspect of infrastructure 1996/98	Africa			Asia		Latin America/ Caribbean	World
Aspect of infrastructure 1996/98	Sub-Sahara	North Africa	All Africa	South	East & Pacific	Latin America/ Caribbean	World
Landlocked population %	28	na	20	2	0	3	n.a.
Population at 100km or less from the sea (%)	19	na	27	23	43	42	n.a.
Roads (km/1 000 inhabitant)	2.8	2.0	2.7	3	1	6	5
Rail line/1 000 inhabitant	92	101	94	0,06	0,12	0,21	0,20
Rail freight /million inhabitant	210	na	260	431	2 642	192	8 992
Air freight (million ton-km)	912	na	1 226	1 299	13 305	4 301	98 431
Maritime freight capacity	55 680	na	58 588	30 343	60 964	163 490	505 378
Airports with paved runways	504	219	723	325	547	1 384	10 821
Electricity generation capacity (kw/inhabitant)	0.11	na	0.14	0.28	0.28	0.29	0.51

Table 13: Rural Road Networking in Selecting African Countries in the Humid and Semi-Humid Tropics (HST)

Country	Total (Km)	Density (Km/1 000 km²)
Country	Total (Km)	Existing	India 1950
Benin	4 066	36	291
Cameroon	18 000	38	168
Central African Republic	14 400	23	33
Congo	200	1	47
Congo (Republic Democratic)	84 100	36	110
Côte d'Ivoire	30 224	94	258
Equatorial Guinea	450	16	103
Gabon	2 400	9	30
Ghana	4 000	17	429
Guinea	11 500	47	161
Guinea-Bissau	1 404	39	186
Liberia	3 615	33	159
Madagascar (1/2)	19 750	67	137
Mozambique (1/2)	6 725	17	135
Nigeria (3/4)	67 425	97	718
Sierra Leone	5 767	80	391
Tanzania (1/3)	20 760	66	181
Togo	4 181	73	447
All Countries Above	298 967	63	388

Table 14: Existing Stock of Roads to Rehabilitate and New Roads to 2015 ('000 km)

	Existing Roads ('000 km)			Roads to Rehabilitate^a ('000 km)			New Roads to 2015 ('000 km)
	Paved	Unpaved	Total	Paved	Unpaved	Total	Paved	Unpaved	Total
North Africa	58	580	638	40	406	446	0	0	0
Dry Sahelian Belt	4	104	108	3	73	76	34	403	437
Gulf of Guinea	16	215	231	11	150	161	44	602	646
Central Africa	8	244	252	6	171	177	26	222	248
East Africa	4	192	196	3	134	137	55	612	667
Southern Africa	23	586	609	16	410	426	10	146	156
Islands	2	40	42	1	28	29	5	46	51
Total	115	1 961	2 076	80	1 372	1 452	174	2 031	2 204

Note: (^a) Based on estimated 70 percent of existing roads.

Table 15: Investments for Rural Infrastructure and Trade-related capacities for improved market access

	Unit Cost		Total Cost (million USD)	Share (%)
Rural infrastructure
Storage
Dry storage	155		2 727
Cool storage	3 210		5 116
*Total Storage*			*7 842*	*8.4*
Marketing
Rural marketing facilities			436
Markets for fruits/vegetables	360		5 737
*Total marketing*			*6 173*	*6.6*
Processing
Cereals milling	180	5 066
Fruits/vegetables	1 190	7 586
*Total processing*		*12 652*		*13.5*
Livestock Infrastructure		1 373		1.5
Fisheries Infrastructure		645		0.7
Rural Roads
Rehabilitation - paved			4 005
Rehabilitation - unpaved			10 292
Construction - paved			17 417
Construction - unpaved			30 447
*Total rural roads*			*62 162*	*66.4*
*Sub-Total Rural Infrastructure*			*90 848*	97
Trade-related capacities for improved market access			2 786	3
Total Costs			93 634	100

Table 16: Maintenance Requirements for All Categories of Rural Infrastructure

Maintenance	Maximum annual (US$ M)	Cumulative total (US$ M)
Storage	196	1 470
Marketing	154	1 157
Processing	316	2 373
Rural roads	3 054	31 865
Total	3 720	36 865

Table 17: Projections of Total Investment Requirements for Rural Infrastructure
and Trade-related capacities for improved market access by 2015

	Total investment (million US$)
	Storage	Marketing	Processing	Livestock	Fisheries	Roads	Market Access	Total
North Africa	1 638	1 252	2 657	144	30	5 065	174	10 960
Dry Sahelian Belt	1 725	1 358	2 783	452	25	10 086	580	17 009
Gulf of Guinea	1 413	1 129	2 273	178	255	15 137	580	20 965
Central Africa	294	233	474	73	42	7 479	290	8 885
East Africa	1 210	965	1 948	322	150	15 872	406	20 873
Southern Africa	1 271	1 005	2 049	172	113	7 087	406	12 103
Islands	291	231	469	33	30	1 435	348	2 837
Total	7 842	6 173	12 652	1 373	645	62 162	2 786	93 634

Table 18: Annual Investment and Maintenance Requirements to 2015 (US$ million)

Investments	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015
- Crop Storage	183	500	645	645	704	580	752	752	693	548	519	519	489	317
- Crop Marketing	104	361	418	418	442	392	592	592	569	511	499	499	488	288
- Crop Processing	316	818	1 068	1 068	1 170	956	1 209	1 209	1 107	858	807	807	756	503
*Sub-Total*	*602*	*1 679*	*2 131*	*2 131*	*2 315*	*1 928*	*2 553*	*2 553*	*2 369*	*1 917*	*1 825*	*1 825*	*1 733*	*1 108*
- Livestock	20	50	100	120	140	150	150	150	150	150	120	75	0	0
- Fisheries	0	50	50	100	120	150	150	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
- Rural Roads	1 672	2 866	5253	5 253	5 253	5 253	4 305	3 590	4 786	4 786	4 786	5 983	5 983	2 393
- Market Access	114	195	237	234	332	317	322	322	208	171	113	117	58	45
Total invest.	2 409	4 840	7 771	7 838	8 160	7 798	7 479	6 640	7 513	7 024	6 844	8 000	7 774	3 546
Grand Total	*93 636*
Maintenance
- Agric. Infra.	48	95	143	190	238	286	333	381	429	476	524	571	619	667
- Rural Roads	1 498	1 618	1 738	1 857	1 977	2 097	2 216	2 336	2 456	2 575	2 695	2 815	2 934	3 054
Total maint.	1 546	1 713	1 880	2 048	2 215	2 382	2 550	2 717	2 884	3 051	3 219	3 386	3 553	3 721
Grand Total	36 865

Table 19: Projections by Source of Financing (Excluding trade-related capacities for improved market access )

	Total investments (US$million)	Public Investments		Private Investments
	Total investments (US$million)	(%)	Amount	(%)	Amount
Crop Storage	7 842	17	1 363	83	6 479
Crop Markets	6 173	54	3 304	46	2 869
Crop Processing	12 652	0	0	100	12 652
Livestock Infrastructure	1 373	80	1 099	20	275
Fisheries Infrastructure	645	80	516	20	129
Road Rehabilitation	14 298	93	13 269	7	1 029
New Roads	47 864	85	40 904	15	6 960
Sub-total roads	62 162	86	54 173	13	7 989
Total	90 848	67	60 455	33	30 393

Table 20: Projections by Source of Financing (Excluding Trade-related capacities for improved market access )

	Total investments (US$million)	International ODA		Domestic Resources
		International ODA		Private Sources		Governments
		(%)	Amount	(%)	Amount	(%)	Amount
Crop Storage	7 842	10	818	83	6 479	7	545
Crop Markets	6 173	32	1 983	46	2 869	21	1 322
Crop Processing	12 652	0	0	100	12 652	0	0
Livestock Infrastructure	1 373	50	687	20	275	30	412
Fisheries Infrastructure	645	50	323	20	129	30	194
Road Rehabilitation	14 298	66	9 494	7	1 029	26	3 775
New Roads	47 864	55	26 544	15	6 960	30	14 359
Sub-total roads	62 162	58	36 038	13	7 989	29	18 134
Total	90 848	44	39 848	33	30 393	23	20 607

TABLES : CHAPTER 4

Table 21: Population, Per Capita Dietary Energy Supply and Prevalence of Under-Nourishment

Regional Groupings	Total population		Per capita dietary energy supply		Number of people undernourished		Proportion of undernourished in total population
	1990-92 (millions)	1997-99 (millions)	1990-92 (millions)	1997-99 (millions)	1990-92 (millions)	1997-99 (millions)	1990-92 (millions)	1997-99 (millions)
Africa	595.1	710.3	2 322	2 382	173.1	200.1	29	28
Sub-Saharan Africa	474.5	572.4	2 120	2 190	167.7	194.0	35	34
AMU	65.2	74.9	3 031	3 036	3.1	3.8	5	5
CEN-SAD	260.1	310.9	2 635	2 769	43.9	42.2	17	14
CEMAC	24.2	29.2	2 061	2 196	9.2	8.6	38	29
COMESA	229.4	335	1 988	1 971	68.8	124.1	30	37
ECCAS	84.7	102.6	2 038	1 885	33.9	52.6	40	51
ECOWAS	174.8	211.1	2 377	2 589	37.5	32.1	21	15
IGAD	74.7	152.6	2 023	1 981	28.4	63.5	38	42
SADC	124.2	151.9	2 014	1 902	52.7	77.2	42	51
UEMOA	55.1	66.4	2 268	2 336	14.3	15.9	26	24

Note: Because some countries are members of more than one regional grouping, totals for regional groupings exceed the continental totals.

Table 22: SPFS Funding Requirement Based on Regional Groupings

Regional Groupings	Total population	Number of people undernourished	No. of People Targeted for National Community led Food Security	Cost*
Regional Groupings	1997-99 (millions)	1997-99 (millions)	2015 (millions)	2015 (000 US$)
AFRICA	710.3	200.1	100	6 500
AMU	74.9	3.8	1.9	123
CEN-SAD	310.9	41.1	20.5	1 336
CEMAC	29.2	8.7	4.4	283
COMESA	335.0	120.3	60.2	3 910
ECCAS	102.6	51.1	25.5	1 659
ECOWAS	211.1	31.7	15.9	1 030
IGAD	152.6	60.7	30.3	1 972
SADC	151.9	80.0	40.0	2 601
UEMOA	66.4	16.0	8.0	520

Note: Some countries are members of more than one Regional Economic Organisation (REO). As a result of this duplication, the sum of the individual REO figures exceeds the figures for Africa as a whole.

*Cost estimates are based on SPFS experience to-date, amounting to US$65 per person (approximately US$435 per family, excluding investments made at regional level, equivalent to US$65 per family).

³⁸ Although the estimated value of investments in Africa is similar to that in Latin America and the Caribbean during the period, the irrigated area in Latin America more than doubled and increased in Africa by 50 percent. The estimated investment cost per hectare in Latin America and the Caribbean, however, is almost half of the cost in Africa.