CATALOGUE OF SMALL-SCALE FISHING GEAR OF GHANA TABLE OF CONTENTS

by

B. Anum Doyi
Senior Technical Officer
Research and Utilization Branch
Fisheries Department
Tema, Ghana

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FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Rome, 1984
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GLOSSARY

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

LIST OF FISH NAMES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CANOES

2.1 Types of Canoes

2.1.1 Small size one man canoe

2.1.2 Medium size lines and nets canoes

2.1.3 Large ali poli canoes

2.1.4 Large beach seine canoes

3. FISHING GEAR

3.1 List of Fishing Gear

3.2 Description of Fishing Gear

3.2.1 Castnets

3.2.2 Gillnets and entangling nets

3.2.3 Seine nets

3.2.4 Hooks and lines

3.2.5 Traps

4. REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES

1.  EQUIVALENT VALUES OF R TEX, m/kg, DENIER AND DIAMETER OF TWISTED MULTIFILAMENT YARNS

2.  EQUIVALENT VALUES OF SINGLE POLYAMIDE MONOFILAMENT

3.  SIZE OF FLATTENED, TINNED KEY BRAND HOOKS

LIST OF FIGURES

1.  Coastal map of Ghana, showing the 200 m contour line and the most important lagoons and rivers

2.  Dugout canoe

3.  One man canoe (donkua)

4.  Medium size canoe - for gillnets or driftnets

5.  Large ali poli canoe for gillnets or small purse seine

6.  Large canoe for beach seining

7.  Outboard engine mounting brackets

8.  The canoe and its accessories

9.  Faan-yaa castnet

10.  Dzenge castnet

11.  Set gillnet toga

12.  Set gillnet ashoo

13.  Set gillnet tengirafo

14.  Set gillnet solu-yaa

15.  Set gillnet ngaa-ya

16.  Set gillnet tsile-yaa

17.  Obue ali driftnet

18.  Man ali driftnet

19.  Combination man ali/obue ali driftnet

20.  Flikilo-yaa driftnet

21a.  Anifa-anifa driftnet

21b.  Anifa-anifa driftnet

22.  Encircling gillnet

23.  Small beach seine

24.  Medium size beach seine

25a.  Large beach seine

25b.  Large beach seine with detachable sections

26.  Beach seine without bag

27.  Watsa purse seine

28.  Poli-sieve purse seine

29.  Achiki na oye purse seine

30.  Handline for pink dentex and seabream

31.  Handline for grouper and snapper

32.  Handline for dusky grouper

33.  Handline for blue spot seabream and golden snapper

34.  Handline for southern seabream

35.  Handline for Angola dentex

36.  Handline for chub mackerel

37.  Handline for false shad

38.  Handline for red pandora

39.  Handline for Congo dentex

40.  Handline for yellowfin tuna, sailfish and shark

41.  Trolling line

42.  Bottom-set longline

43.  Vee shaped shrimp trap

44.  Crab trap

45.  Crab pot

46.  Trap for fish, crab and shrimp

47.  Bottle trap

List of CECAF/ECAF Reports

List of CECAF Technical Reports

GLOSSARY

Yarns	Multifilament twisted yarns (mostly nylon) used for fishing nets in Ghana. The size of netting yarn is designated according to the tex system and R tex is adopted to describe various fishing nets. The equivalent values of other numbering systems are given in Table 1.
Size of netting	The size of netting is indicated by number of meshes in both the T and N directions.
Mesh size	The length of mesh for knotted netting is the inside distance between two opposite knots in the same mesh when fully extended in the N direction.
Length of nets	The length of the framing line or rope between the extreme points of mounting of the netting.
Hanging ratio	The relation between the length of the rope and the length of the netting fully extended in one or other of the directions prior to being hung
Depth of net	This is denoted in number of meshes in the direction perpendi- cular to the length or in length of the rope in metres.
Mesh opening	The inside distance between two opposite knots in the same mesh when the net is fishing. It is determined by the hanging ratio and tension on the nets.
Framing lines, ropes	Rope of suitable material (PA - PE) and convenient size on which the netting is fixed (hung).
Floats	Buoyant objects of various shapes and sizes attached to the headline to prevent the net from sinking. They are made of plastic, wood, cork or gourd.
Sinkers	Weights of multiple shapes and sizes used for sinking the footrope. They are made of lead, stone, porcelain, iron or other heavy material.
Purse line	The rope used to close the bottom of a purse seine.
Leader	A short length of wire connecting a hook to a line to prevent the hooked fish from biting through the line.
Monofilament	A synthetic yarn (polyamide) made of single filament. The equivalent values are given in Table 2.
Snood	A branch line by which a hook is attached to the main line of a longline.
String	The main line on a longline to which the snoods are attached.
Hooks	The hook is a bent steel rod flattened or ringed at the straight end of the shank and with a barb point at the inner side of the extremity of the bend. Table 3 gives the size of the hooks used.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

LIST OF FISH NAMES

Local names of fish may vary from region to region and this can result in misidentification of some species. Not all of the fish referred to in the text are identified with precision. The fish names are therefore given as a guide and not as a definitive list. In any case, the gear described takes many more fish than the species referred to.