TABLES

Table 1. Biological information on species of krill that are commercially harvested or which have been proposed as harvested species

Species	Common names	Maximum weight (g)	Maximum length (mm)	Estimated life span	Depth distribution	Where commercially fished
Euphausia superba	Antarctic krill	2	65	5-7 years	Surface to 500m	Antarctic
Euphausia pacifica	North Pacific krill Isada	0.1	20	1-2 years	Surface to 300m	Japan, British Columbia
Euphausia nana	Ami-ebi	0.01	10	<1year	Surface to 300m	Japan
Thysanoessa inermis	smaa krill	0.15	32	2 years	Surface to 300m	Japan Gulf of St. Lawrence
Thysanoessa raschii	smaa krill	0.13	30	2 years	Surface to 300m	Gulf of St. Lawrence
Meganyctiphanes norvegica	North Atlantic krill stor krill suil dhu	0.5	40	2+ years	Surface to 300m	Gulf of St. Lawrence, Mediterranean, Scotian Shelf (proposed)
Nyctiphanes australis	Brit	0.02	17	1 year	surface to 150m.	Tasmania, Australia (proposed)

Table 2. Nations involved in experimental or commercial krill fishing in the Antarctic

Nation	Years when fishing took place
USSR	1974-91
Russia	1992-1993
Ukraine*	1992-96
Japan	1973-96
Poland	1977, 1978, 1980, 1983, 1986-96
Chile	1976, 1977, 1983-95
S. Korea	1979, 1982-1984, 1987-92
Bulgaria*	1978,1979, 1993
Spain	1987
France	1980
GDR	1978,1979, 1985, 1990
Taiwan*	1975, 1977
Panama*	1995, 1996

*Non-signatory to the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.

Table 3. Catch of Antarctic krill by nations fishing in the CCAMLR area 1984-1996

Year	Japan	Panama	Latvia	Chile	Poland	Korea	USSR	Russia	Ukraine
1995/96	60546	495	0	0	20610	0	-	0	13388
1994/95	60203	141	0	0	9384	0	-	0	48886
1993/94	62322	0	71	3843	7915	0	-	965	8708
1992/93	59272	0	0	3261	15911	0	-	4249	6083
1991/92	74325	0	0	6066	8607	519	-	151725	61719
1990/91	67582	0	0	3679	9571	1211	275495	-	-
1989/90	62187	0	0	4501	1275	4040	302376	-	-
1988/89	78928	0	0	5329	6997	1779	301498	-	-
1987/88	73112	0	0	5938	5215	1525	284873	-	-
1986/87	78389	0	0	4186	1726	1527	290401	-	-
1985/86	61074	0	0	3264	2065	0	379270	-	-
1984/85	38274	0	0	2598	0	0	150538	-	-

Table 4. Estimated current consumption of Antarctic krill by major predators (from Miller and Hampton, 1989)

Predator	Consumption (range) (millions of tonnes)
Whales	34 - 43
Seals	63 - 130
Birds	15 - 20
Squid	30 - 100
Fish	10 - 20
Total	152 -313

Table 5. Contents of license and self-regulation on Euphausia pacifica fishery in 1993 (from Kuroda and Kotani 1994a)

Prefecture	Contents of License		Self-regulation
Iwate	No. boat seine Fishing period Landing time Fishing ground Boat size	363 1 Feb. - 30 Apr. (self-regulation) until 15:30 sea area off Iwate Prefecture <20 tons	Total catch 25,000 tons Max. number of containers per day 400 for boat > 9 tons 300 for boat < 9 tons
Miyagi	No. boat seine No. bow mounted trawl Fishing period	162 273 20 Feb. - 30 Apr. for boat seine 1 Feb. - 30 Apr. for bow mounted trawl dawn - 15:00 sea area off Miyagi Prefecture < 20 tons	Total catch 25,000 tons 21,000 tons for boat seine 4,000 tons for bow mounted trawl Max. number of containers per day 350 for boat > 15 tons 320 for boat 10-15 tons 300 for boat < 10 tons
Fukushima	No. boat seine Fishing period Operation time Fishing ground Boat size	482 1 Feb. - 31 July dawn - dusk sea area off Fukushima Prefecture <15 tons	Max. catch 6 tons per boat per day
Ibaraki	No. boat seine Fishing period Operation time Fishing ground Boat size	514 11 Feb. - 31 Julyu dawn - dusk sea area off Ibaraki Prefecture 4.9 tons	Max. catch 6 tons per boat per day

Table 6. Estimates of E. pacifica consumed annually by the three demersal fish species in the vicinity of Kinkasan Island (Adapted from Kodama and Izumi 1994)

Fish species	Body length (cm)	Annual Catch (t)	Biomass (t)	1-E1)	Daily ration (%)	Krill ratio2)	Annual Krill consumption (t)
Walleye pollack	10-25	12,265	40,883	0.904	2.3	0.74	231,594
	25-35	18,215	60,717	0.935	1.7	0.69	237,339
	> 40	10,346	34,487	0.891	1.5	0.44	75,503
	total	40,826	136,087				544,437
Pacific cod	15-25	496	1,653	0.946	2.6	0.31	4,542
	30-40	1,814	6,047	0.951	1.9	0.09	3,746
	> 50	1,067	3,557	0.901	1.9	0.01	213
	total	3,377	11,257				8,501
Pacific herring		180	600	0.641	1.5	0.61	1,295

1) E denotes proportion of individuals with empty stomach.

2) Occurrence of Euphausia pacifica in the fish stomach relative to the occurrence of total food items.

Table 7. Euphausiid landings (tonnes) and effort for British Columbia, 1983 to 1993, as reported on sales slips and harvest logs

Year	Number of Licences Issued	Number of Vessels with Landings	Fishing Days'	Quota (t)	Landings2 (t)	Landed Value1 ($10-3)	Whole Landed Value1 ($ t-1)	Effort2 (hours)	CPUE (kg hr-1)
1983	7	2	50	500	47	--	--	333	142
1984	8	4	67	500	103	38	400	563	183
1985	5	2	65	500	131	28	230	486	270
1986	11	2	67	525	166	98	590	475	345
1987	18	3	36	525	130	102	780	354	331
1988	24	4	11	525	247	191	780	1,427	255
1989	45	15	225	785	360	215	600	1,070	306
1990	56	17	255	500	530	415	785	1,358	368
1991	45	14	152	500	450	391	867	1,120	508
1992	25	10	87	500	381	318	835	398	1,153
1993	18	3	29	500	53	41	774	88	565
1994*	18	6	122	500	333	259	777	--	--
1995*	18	7	163	500	563	357	634	--	--

¹ from sales slip data
² from harvest log da
* preliminary data

Table 8. Biochemical composition of Euphausia superba

Substance	Concentration	Uses	Reference
Protein % dry weight	37.5	Nutritional	(Nicol et al., 1992b)
Lipid % dry weight	22.46	Nutritional	(Nicol et al., 1992b)
Chitin % dry weight	2.04	Pharmaceutical/industrial	(Nicol et al., 1992b)
Proteolytic enzymes	trace	Medical/Pharmaceuticals	(Karlstam et al., 1991)
Carotenoids ug g-1	31	Pigment	(Kolakowska, 1988)
Vitamin A	trace	Nutritional	(Suzuki and Shibata, 1990)