 |
 THE STATE |
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF
THE UNITED NATIONS |
|
THE STATE |
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF
THE UNITED NATIONS |
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Contents
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Glossary
Explanatory note
PART I
WORLD REVIEW
I. Current agricultural situation - facts and figures
1. TRENDS IN UNDERNOURISHMENT
2. CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
3. FOOD SHORTAGES AND EMERGENCIES
4. WORLD CEREAL SUPPLY SITUATION
5. EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE TO AGRICULTURE
6. FOOD AID FLOWS
7. COMMODITY PRICE TRENDS
8. FISHERIES: PRODUCTION,
DISPOSITION AND TRADE
9. PRODUCTION AND TRADE
OF FOREST PRODUCTS
II. The global economy and agriculture
WORLD ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
World trade and commodity
prices
Implications of the Fourth
World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference for agriculture
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
General economic performance
Agricultural performance
WOMEN FARMERS' PRODUCTIVITY
IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Introduction
The role and importance of
women farmers
Gender differentials in agricultural
productivity and constraints facing women farmers
Conclusion and policy implications
TSETSE AND TRYPANOSOMIASIS
CONTROL
Introduction
The direct impact of trypanosomiasis
The indirect impacts of the
disease
Cost-benefit ratios for tsetse
control
Conclusion
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
General economic performance
Agricultural performance
CHINA'S ACCESSION
TO THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINESE AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
The changing role
of agriculture in the Chinese economy
Agricultural policy in the
reform period
China's WTO accession commitments
and provisions related to agriculture
Recent policy shifts and
likely changes as a result of accession to the WTO
Conclusions
III. Latin America and the Caribbean
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
General economic performance
Recent agricultural performance
CHANGING PATTERNS
IN AGRICULTURAL TRADE
Growing importance
of agricultural trade relative to production
Declining role of agriculture
in total merchandise trade
Stable regional share in
world agricultural trade
Diversified product composition
of agricultural trade
Geographic diversification
of markets
Agricultural trade balances
and their economic significance
The price factor
Conclusions
IV. Near East and North Africa
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
General economic performance
Agricultural performance
CLIMATE VARIABILITY,
ARIDITY AND VULNERABILITY TO DROUGHT
Drought - a structurally
recurrent phenomenon in the region
Water and land resource issues
Impact of recent droughts
on crop and livestock production
Impact on population livelihood,
household income and rural poverty
Impact on the environment
Government measures for drought
prevention and relief of affected groups
From reactive crisis management
to proactive risk management in agriculture
V. Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
Macroeconomic trends
and agricultural performance
LAND AND FARMS IN
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND THE CIS IN THE PERIOD OF CENTRAL PLANNING
LAND AND FARM REFORM IN CENTRAL
AND EASTERN EUROPEAN AND CIS COUNTRIES
The establishment of clear
and secure rights of land tenure
The creation of farms with
an efficient ownership and management structure
The formation of a class
of mid-sized commercial farms
Conclusions
VI. Developed market economies
OVERVIEW
General economic performance
Agricultural performance
Agricultural policy changes
PART III
AGRICULTURE AND GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS TEN YEARS AFTER THE EARTH SUMMIT
I. The role of agriculture and land in the provision of global public goods
INTRODUCTION
ECONOMIC CONCEPT OF LOCAL
AND GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS
PUBLIC GOODS ASSOCIATED WITH
THE LAND-CLUSTER CHAPTERS OF AGENDA 21
PROGRESS IN THE PROVISION
OF GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS SINCE RIO-92
FINANCING GLOBAL PUBLIC
GOODS
THE NEED TO INCREASE INTERNATIONAL
FINANCIAL COOPERATION FOR PROMOTING GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS
CONCLUSIONS
II. Harvesting carbon sequestration through land-use change: a way out of rural poverty?
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE AND LAND USE:
CAUSES AND IMPACTS
Background on the issue of
climate change
The role of carbon sequestration
through land use in mitigating climate change
The Clean Development Mechanism
and the potential for carbon payment programmes to stimulate land-use change
POVERTY AND LAND
USE
Forestry and types of land
use affecting above-ground carbon sinks
Land uses that affect soil-based
carbon sinks
POOR LAND-USERS AS
CARBON CREDIT SUPPLIERS
Under what conditions would
the poor be willing participants in carbon sequestration schemes?
Under what conditions would
the poor be competitive carbon sequestration providers?
Carbon market design, transactions
costs and poor land-users
Conclusions
ANNEX TABLE
COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES USED FOR STATISTICAL PURPOSES IN THIS PUBLICATION
Editing, design and desktop publishing:
Editorial Group
FAO Information Division
ISBN 92-5-104762-6
The designations employed and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In some tables, the designations “developed countries” and “developing countries” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily reflect a judgement of the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected]
© FAO 2002