COFO/2003/8-Add.1

Table of Contents

MAJOR PROGRAMME 2.4: FORESTRY

Programme 2.4.1: Forest Resources
Programme 2.4.2: Forest Products and Economics
Programme 2.4.3: Forestry Policy and Institutions
Programme 2.4.4: Forestry Information and Liaison

1. This document contains the pertinent section from Part II of the Medium Term Plan 2004-09 (MTP). It is recalled that the Medium Term Plan is of a "rolling" nature, to be updated every two years to reflect evolving contexts.

2. While the Medium Term Plan 2004-09 has already been considered by the FAO Council in October-November 2002, it is the expectation of the Council that the Committee on Forestry (COFO) review and make recommendations on forestry programme priorities, which would be taken into account in the formulation of the PWB 2004-2005.

3. It may be noted that the tables at the beginning of each programme establish the links of the MTP proposals with the corporate strategies and strategic objectives in the FAO Strategic Framework 2000-2015.

4. It is also recalled that, in accordance with the new programming model endorsed by the FAO Conference, each programme consists of a number of "entities". These entities are of three types: time-bound technical projects, continuing programme activities and technical services. Within each technical project and continuing programme activity, the rationale, objective(s) and indicators of achievements are provided, followed by the identified "major outputs" over the lifetime of the entity.

5. In effect, a companion document is also before the Committee, providing preliminary information on Programme of Work Proposals for 2004-05 regarding Major Programme 2.4: Forestry.

6. The entire MTP document, is available by consulting FAO's Internet Website at the following address http://www.fao.org/mtp/

Suggested Action by the Committee

7. Based on the contents of both documents, the Committee is invited to review and make recommendations on the forestry programme priorities which would be taken into account in the finalisation of proposals for the Programme of Work and Budget 2004-05.

MAJOR PROGRAMME 2.4: FORESTRY

580. In this context, it is important that due attention is given to the three main dimensions of sustainable forest management: the environmental, economic and social dimensions. Hence, the programme structure under Major Programme 2.4 has been modified, and titles adjusted, to ensure that the emphasis on these three dimensions is roughly in balance. In effect, there is broad correspondence between the first three component programmes and these dimensions as, follows:

1. Programme 2.4.1, Forest Resources, addressing the environmental dimension;
2. Programme 2.4.2, Forest Products and Economics, dealing with the economic dimension; and
3. Programme 2.4.3, Forestry Policy and Institutions, primarily concerned with the social dimension;
4. the above three programmes are supported by a fourth cross-cutting Programme 2.4.4, Forestry Information and Liaison.

581. In order to respond to evolving challenges and emerging issues, new technical project entities will be implemented in 2004-09 through inter-disciplinary, intra-departmental task forces:

1. 241A7, Forests and Water;
2. 241A8, Forests and Climate Change;
3. 242A3, Forest Sector Outlook Studies (refined version of previous 243A1);
4. 242A4, Economic Aspects of Forests (work transferred from 243P2);
5. 243A4, Forest Policies and Governance; and
6. 243A5, Forests, Poverty Alleviation and Food Security.

582. The rationale for these entities, as well as the major highlights of the four component programmes are illustrated below.

583. It is also worth stressing that the resource estimates under additional voluntary contributions reflect firm commitments (already in the current biennium 2002-03, and expected to continue over the 2004-09 period) from various donors to support forestry work, within the context of enhanced strategic partnerships with the Organization. The inclusion of such resources as "Other Income" has contributed to the growth in the Programme of Work for this major programme.

Programme 2.4.1: Forest Resources

584. This programme addresses the environmental and resources management dimension of forests, providing the technical basis for enhancing countries' capabilities to implement effective forest management and conservation strategies. It provides information about forest resources, including wildlife resources and trees outside forests. During the 2004-09 period, the programme will be strengthened by the addition of two new technical project entities:

1. 241A7, Forests and Water, reflecting the importance of trees and forests to the supply of clean water); and
2. 41A8, Forests and Climate Change, reflecting the key role of forests in mitigating climate change; conversely, the impact that climate change may have on forests; and the support needed by developing countries to implement forest-related activities within the Kyoto Protocol.

585. In cooperation with other Forestry Department (FO) divisions and other departments, support will be given to countries in implementing major UN Conventions (Biological Diversity; Climate Change; Desertification Control). Emphasis will also be given to institutional capacity building in countries to monitor, assess and sustainably manage forests and tree resources.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241A1 | Sustainable Management of Natural Forests and Woodlands
Timeframe: 2002 - 2007	2004-09 Resources US$ 4,260,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1800		1830		1930		0
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	250		250		250		0
Total Programme of Work	2050		2080		2180		0

(1) RATIONALE

586. Development problem to be addressed: deforestation, forest degradation and desertification due to lack of sustainable management of forests and woodlands. Lack of forest-based livelihood opportunities for local communities.

587. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: greater capacity of policy makers, forest managers and local communities to identify practices and implement policies that conserve, enhance and sustainably utilise natural forests and woodlands should lead to more sustainable forest management and improved livelihoods of adjacent communities.

588. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: the maintenance and enhancement of the environmental, social and economic values of forests for both the local communities and the wider public, and increased food security and better livelihoods for local communities.

(2) OBJECTIVE(S)

589. Improved local, national and regional forest management capacity leading to practices and policies that conserve, enhance and sustainably utilise natural forests and woodlands for a wide variety of goods and services.

(3) INDICATOR(S)

1. Success stories and examples of practices at various levels that support sustainable forest management.
2. Increase in area of forests and woodlands under sustainable management.

(4) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Best practices and methodologies in silviculture and management of natural forests.
2. Best practices and methodologies in silviculture and management of woodlands and trees in arid lands and in low forest cover countries.
3. Support to use of integrated pest management practices in forestry.
4. Improved knowledge and best practices for the management of forest genetic resources.
5. Improved methodologies and cooperation in forest fire management.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241A4 | Conservation in Forests and Fragile Ecosystems
Timeframe: 2002 - 2007	2004-09 Resources US$ 4,442,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1524		1566		1676		0
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	600		600		600		0
Total Programme of Work	2124		2166		2276		0

(5) RATIONALE

590. Development problem to be addressed: continuing degradation of lands in fragile ecosystems, particularly in mountainous areas and in arid zones. Lack of effective environmental conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

591. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: raising international awareness, increasing knowledge and improving policy, methods and best practices in forests and fragile ecosystems will lead to more effective environmental conservation, protection and sustainable use.

592. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: intended benefits include enhanced protection and improved environmental conditions in fragile ecosystems, better livelihoods and quality of life for inhabitants in mountains and arid zones and protection of and sustainable use of biological diversity.

(6) OBJECTIVE(S)

593. Improved national policies and practices, supported by international awareness and collaboration, for the sustainable use of forest and wildland resources and environmental conservation; support of biodiversity, the protective role of trees, shrubs and other vegetation in fragile ecosystems and sustainable arid land management.

1. (7) INDICATOR(S)

2. Examples of policies and practices reflecting improved approaches to fragile ecosystem management and use of biological diversity.
3. Effective and well functioning networks and partnerships that have developed and implemented concrete activities in sustainable mountain development.

(8) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Technologies, technical information and best practices on critical issues in fragile ecosystems with special reference to mountains.
2. Best practices and approaches to promote effective conservation and sustainable management of biological diversity, including wildlife, in forests and wildlands.
3. Implementation support to: Chapter 13 of Agenda 21, Sustainable Mountain Development, including action resulting from the observance of the International Year of Mountains; the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); and the Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD).
4. Partnerships with institutions involved in sustainable mountain development and enhanced collaboration with national committees established for the observance of and follow-up to the International Year of Mountains.
5. Technical information and best practices on critical issues in fragile ecosystems with special reference to arid zones and drylands.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241A5 | Forest Plantations and Trees Outside Forests
Timeframe: 2002 - 2007	2004-09 Resources US$ 3,150,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	935		1010		1090		0
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	500		500		550		0
Total Programme of Work	1435		1510		1640		0

(9) RATIONALE

594. Development problem to be addressed: the ability of natural forests to meet future demands of growing populations is being compromised. Forest plantations and trees outside forest systems will take on an increasingly important role as a source of wood and non-wood products, as will environmental and social services in sustaining livelihoods and ensuring food security.

595. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: through support of national programmes in forest plantations and trees outside of forests and participatory land-use policy and planning, a renewable supply of wood and non-wood forest products with attendant environmental and social services, can be developed as an alternative to natural forest resources.

596. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: tree establishment and management plantations can complement natural forests and contribute to meeting a wide range of needs, including future demand for wood and non-wood goods, contribution to food security, and the provision of environmental services. Local communities and forest owners, as well as the private sector and the general public are expected beneficiaries.

(10) OBJECTIVE(S)

597. Awareness of the role and contribution of forest plantations and trees outside of forests, including agroforestry systems and urban and peri-urban environments; improved national policy formulation and investment.

(11) INDICATOR(S)

1. Examples of national policies and programmes that support forest plantations and trees outside forests.
2. Extent of increased production and distribution of seedlings.

(12) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Support to availability of, and access to information on appropriate tree planting materials and technologies.
2. Improved practices in tree planting and plantation establishment and management.
3. Policy and methodologies on land use planning and agroforestry systems.
4. Best practices and information on the integration of trees in urban and peri-urban environments.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241A7 | Forests and Water
Timeframe: 2004 - 2009	2004-09 Resources US$ 2,710,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	0		460		550		650
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		300		350		400
Total Programme of Work	0		760		900		1050

(13) RATIONALE

598. Development problem to be addressed: supplies of fresh water are increasingly scarce and, therefore, the importance of mountain forests and upland areas with regard to the conservation of water resources requires special attention.

599. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: this new entity will focus on improved national awareness and policy environment in support of the sustainable management of mountain forests and upland areas with regard to water resources.

600. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: the improved management of the world's limited supplies of freshwater in upland areas and understanding of the role of forests and trees in the conservation and use of water resources will benefit vulnerable groups as well as populations at large.

(14) OBJECTIVE(S)

601. Enhanced national awareness and dialogue on, and enabling policy environment for the role of forests and trees, and related practices such as watershed management, in the conservation of water resources.

(15) INDICATOR(S)

1. Extent of enhanced exchange of best practices on watershed management.
2. Examples of national policy promoting the role of forests and integrated watershed management in water resources use.

(16) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Approaches and strategies on effective watershed management, forest hydrology application and other forest related practices for the sustainable use of water resources.
2. Innovative approaches for the conservation and sustainable development of critical mountain watersheds and upland resources relevant to water conservation and use.
3. Development of best forestry practices for the enhancement and conservation of water resources in lowland landscapes.
4. Institutional capacity building for the implementation of sustainable management strategies and programmes for mountain watersheds and upland resources.
5. Policies and action programmes for effective watershed management, including field-level approaches, as a follow up to the International Year of Mountains and the International Year of Fresh Water.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241A8 | Forests and Climate Change
Timeframe: 2004 - 2009	2004-09 Resources US$ 3,800,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	0		750		850		1000
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		400		400		400
Total Programme of Work	0		1150		1250		1400

(17) RATIONALE

602. Development problem to be addressed: as more scientific information about global warming accumulates, climate change emerges as one of the major environmental issues facing the international community. Environmental degradation, including forests, is intricately intertwined with climate change and must be addressed.

603. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: ensuring that the importance of the role of forests and sustainable forest management has a high profile in international and national climate change agenda and mechanisms; support to international agreements and Members in more fully taking into account and address this critical aspect.

604. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: addressing the critical role of forests in mitigating the impact of climate change will benefit all Members, particularly developing countries, whom FAO can help with implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCC), e.g. in the context of national forest programmes, thus promoting the well-being of their populations, particularly the most vulnerable segments.

(18) OBJECTIVE(S)

605. International climate change-related instruments, national programmes, implementation plans and mechanisms adequately address and safeguard the sustainable development of forests, forestry and forest products.

(19) INDICATOR(S)

1. Climate change regime in land use adequately addresses forest issues.
2. Successful national implementation of the pertinent aspects of the Kyoto Protocol.

(20) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Technical support to international climate change-related processes and negotiations from the perspective of forests.
2. Technical assistance to Members and comprehensive information for implementing the Kyoto Protocol and/or for climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.
3. Integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation into pertinent FAO's substantive activities.
4. Information regarding promotion of wood fuels as substitutes for fossil fuels.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241P1 | Assessment and Monitoring of Forests and Woodland Resources
Timeframe: continuing programme activity	2004-09 Resources US$ 11,840,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1490		1840		2500		2700
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	2000		1600		1600		1600
Total Programme of Work	3490		3440		4100		4300

(21) RATIONALE

606. Development problem to be addressed: the quality and quantity of information on forest resources appears to be declining in many developing countries. Further, there is no common set of assessment and monitoring methodologies to facilitate exchange among the various partners at the international level.

607. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: this entity will seek to ensure that international and national initiatives, policies and programmes more fully reflecting common understanding of forestry resources and uses which should contribute to better management of these resources. This would ultimately lead to more sustainable forest management and fair trade.

608. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: both current and future generations would ultimately derive environmental and economic benefits, as well as indigenous peoples who depend on forest resources for their livelihoods.

(22) OBJECTIVE(S)

609. international and national initiatives, policies and programmes reflect and are facilitated by a common and enhanced information base.

(23) INDICATOR(S)

1. Extent to which national forestry policies and programmes and international initiatives and conventions take into account FAO's information.

(24) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Improved methodologies for assessing and monitoring changes in all types of forests and woodlands.
2. Reports and updates on the extent and quality of global forest resources.
3. Support to national and international monitoring and reporting on progress towards sustainable forest management.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

241S1 | Technical Support and Advisory Services
Timeframe: technical services on demand	2004-09 Resources US$ 6,550,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1936		2130		2210		2210
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		0		0		0
Total Programme of Work	1936		2130		2210		2210

610. This entity covers the usual range of technical services as regards forest resource issues (including field projects).

Programme 2.4.2: Forest Products and Economics

611. In order to better address the economic dimension of sustainable forest management, the scope of the former "Forest Products" programme is being expanded to include forest sector outlook studies and economic analysis, formerly under programme 2.4.3. Hence, the title of Programme 2.4.2 is changed to Forest Products and Economics, encompassing the full spectrum of economic aspects of forestry. The programme, therefore, now includes entities:

1. 242A3, Forestry Sector Outlook Studies (formerly in Programme 2.4.3); and
2. 242A4, Economic Aspects of Forests (combining trade analysis, formerly in Programme 2.4.2, and economic analysis formerly in Programme 2.4.3).

612. Strengthening national capabilities to collect and analyse information about the economic dimensions of forests and forest products, is to be given due attention.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

242A3 | Forestry Sector Outlook Studies
Timeframe: 2004 - 2009	2004-09 Resources US$ 5,950,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	0		1500		1600		1650
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		400		400		400
Total Programme of Work	0		1900		2000		2050

(25) RATIONALE

613. Development problem to be addressed: forestry policy makers do not always have a complete understanding of the long-term outlook for the sector and future economic, environmental, technological and social trends affecting it. This can lead to policies that do not, or incompletely support the sustainable use of resources.

614. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: a policy environment based on more complete understanding of long-term forestry issues should lead to more sustainable forest management practices which, in turn, contribute to addressing future economic, environmental, technological and social trends affecting the sector.

615. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: policies which take into account long-term trends should benefit all stakeholders with interest in forestry policy, including investors, owners and managers, as well as indigenous and vulnerable groups.

(26) OBJECTIVE(S)

616. Policy formulation in countries and donor assistance and investment programmes that take into account long-term opportunities and challenges of the forestry sector, stimulated by enhanced strategic planning capacity.

(27) INDICATOR(S)

1. Examples of forestry policy reforms that explicitly reflect the long-term outlook for the sector.
2. Examples of investment planning reflecting a long-term perspective.

(28) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. State of the World's Forests (SOFO).
2. Support to improved capacity for strategic planning at the national, sub-regional and regional levels.
3. Forestry sector outlook study for Latin America and the Caribbean (LAFSOS).
4. European forestry sector outlook study (EFSOS).
5. Forestry sector outlook study for the Near East and Central Asia.
6. Asia-Pacific Forestry Towards 2020 (APFSOS).

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

242A4 | Economic Aspects of Forests
Timeframe: 2004 - 2009	2004-09 Resources US$ 5,150,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	0		1600		1750		1800
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		0		0		0
Total Programme of Work	0		1600		1750		1800

(29) RATIONALE

617. Development problem to be addressed: in the context of achieving sustainable management, the intergovernmental dialogue on forestry must be enlightened by sufficient analysis of key issues such as financing, trade, methods of valuation and internalisation of forest-based goods and services, and forestry's role in employment generation, particularly in rural areas.

618. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: forestry policies and management practices that are economically sustainable over the long-term should stimulate investment in the sector, optimise goods and services provided and improve employment and income generation capacity for both large and small forest enterprises.

619. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: better fiscal and land tenure arrangements, incorporation of social costs into forest management and policy decisions and a higher level of financing for sustainable forest management should benefit forest owners, sectoral employees and other groups deriving their livelihood from the sector.

(30) OBJECTIVE(S)

620. Forest policy makers, owners, managers and investors design policies and pursue practices that are economically sustainable over the long-term and lead to increased investment and employment in the sector, including in small-scale enterprises.

(31) INDICATOR(S)

1. Number of countries changing fiscal policies and adopting innovative mechanisms to finance sustainable forest management.
2. Examples of improvements in policies and strategies that support increased sector income generation and employment.

(32) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Mechanisms to enhance resource mobilisation and financing in support of sustainable forest management.
2. Tools and techniques for the valuation, internalisation and optimisation of the provision of forest based goods and environmental services.
3. Assessment of employment and income generation opportunities from forestry.
4. Study of economic, social and technological aspects of small-scale forestry enterprises.
5. Assessment of emerging issues and opportunities in the trade of forest products and services.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

242P1 | Forest Products Information
Timeframe: continuing programme activity	2004-09 Resources US$ 6,080,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1788		1920		2070		2090
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		0		0		0
Total Programme of Work	1788		1920		2070		2090

(33) RATIONALE

621. Development problem to be addressed: current national policies relating to forest products and operations practices do not always promote sustainable use of these resources.

622. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: a policy environment which supports the sustainable use of forest products and efficient forest operations practices, as well as awareness at national, regional and global level of the contribution of wood and non-wood forest products to national economies, should result in a more balanced and sustainable use of these resources.

623. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: more sustainable use of forest products and sound forest operations practices would ultimately benefit forest owners and managers, as well as civil society, in particular vulnerable groups whose livelihoods depend on forest resources.

(34) OBJECTIVE(S)

624. National forestry strategies and policies are based on an improved awareness and understanding of forestry product trends and support their sustainable use, and forest management better reflects sustainable harvesting practices.

(35) INDICATOR(S)

1. National policies and strategies that support the sustainable use of forest products.

(36) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Information on the social and economic contribution of harvested forest products.
2. Forest Products yearbook and other data on forest products, recovered paper and pulp and paper capacities.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

242P2 | Appropriate Utilisation of Forest Products
Timeframe: continuing programme activity	2004-09 Resources US$ 6,848,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1732		2056		2236		2256
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	100		100		100		100
Total Programme of Work	1832		2156		2336		2356

(37) RATIONALE

625. Development problem to be addressed: in many countries, current practices regarding forest products and services focus on employment and income generation at the expense of national resource conservation and environmental protection goals.

626. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: national forest product utilisation policies and practices based on a solid understanding of environmentally sound harvesting, engineering and processing methods, and a better balance between economic and social concerns, should lead to sustainability in the provision of these products.

627. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: environmentally sound, economically feasible and socially acceptable provision and utilisation of forest products and services contributes to food security and poverty alleviation of vulnerable groups, and supports overall social and economic development.

(38) OBJECTIVE(S)

628. National forest wood and non-wood product utilisation practices are based on a solid information foundation and reflect balanced economic and social concerns.

(39) INDICATOR(S)

1. Number of countries with forest products' utilisation policies and practices supporting sustainable use of these resources.
2. Extent to which technologies and practices advocated by FAO are integrated into national forest products' management practices.

(40) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Best practices for forest harvesting and engineering.
2. Best practices and case studies on forest products as environmentally sound alternatives.
3. Best practices and methodologies for the sustainable use of non-wood forest products.
4. Guidelines and methodologies for environmental impact assessments of forest operations.
5. Information on sustainable wood energy methodologies and technology.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

242S1 | Support to Field Projects and Advisory Services
Timeframe: technical services on demand	2004-09 Resources US$ 4,482,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1414		1494		1494		1494
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		0		0		0
Total Programme of Work	1414		1494		1494		1494

629. This entity covers technical services related to various aspects of forest products' utilisation, as addressed by Programme 2.4.2.

Programme 2.4.3: Forestry Policy and Institutions

630. FAO's support to countries to address the social dimension of sustainable forest management will consolidate work on both the social and institutional aspects of forests. Two new technical project entities are established:

1. 243A4, Forest Policies and Governance (addressing the increasingly critical governance issues in a multi-sectoral policy context); and
2. 243A5, Forests, Poverty Alleviation, and Food Security (placing emphasis on the essential role which forests play in alleviating poverty and promoting food security).

631. The programme will, therefore, assist with building institutions in the forest sector, including cross-sectoral linkages, with focus on improved governance. It will analyse further the manifold contributions of forests and trees to alleviating poverty and increasing food security. Shifts of entities to Programme 2.4.2 lead to the apparent reduction in resources under the Appropriation in 2004-05, if compared to the 2002-03 biennium.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

243A3 | Strengthening National Institutional Capacities
Timeframe: 2002 - 2007	2004-09 Resources US$ 14,190,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1460		1770		2020		0
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	4200		4200		6200		0
Total Programme of Work	5660		5970		8220		0

(41) RATIONALE

632. Development problem to be addressed: current institutional frameworks required for administering and enforcing forestry policies and programmes, particularly in developing countries, are insufficient and in need of improvement.

633. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: better managed and coordinated national forestry institutions and increased capacity to identify, advocate and enforce development policies based on objective analysis and information, will facilitate development of the forestry sector.

634. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: the general public will benefit, particularly in developing countries from increased output of goods and services from forests and rural communities depending on forest resources will benefit from enhanced governance approaches that incorporate economic incentives, participatory methods and equity considerations.

(42) OBJECTIVE(S)

635. National forestry institutions are more efficiently managed and better coordinated and the main stakeholders, including researchers, educators and policy makers are enabled to formulate and enforce policies which promote development of the forestry sector in a sustainable way.

(43) INDICATOR(S)

1. Number and examples of countries adopting formal processes of policy analysis, formulation and enforcement.
2. Examples of institutional reforms promoting more effective management and better coordination.

(44)  MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Support to capacity building for national planning and programming, policy analysis and performance reporting.
2. Reports and analyses on key forestry institutional issues.
3. Demonstration and documentation of extension partnership models.
4. Support to national and regional capacities in forestry education and development.
5. Support to strengthening of national and regional capacities in forestry research.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

243A4 | Forest Policies and Governance
Timeframe: 2004 - 2009	2004-09 Resources US$ 9,430,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	0		1930		2200		2300
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		1000		1000		1000
Total Programme of Work	0		2930		3200		3300

(45) RATIONALE

636. Development problem to be addressed: decision makers in governments and other actors in developing countries lack the expertise and capacity to guide the development of forestry sector policies and national programmes in a way that meets both economic and sustainable development goals.

637. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: the entity aims at supporting implementation and monitoring of forestry policies and programmes that promote conservation and sustainable use of forestry resources in developing countries, leading to major economic benefits from the sector, while ensuring long-term sustainability.

638. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: while the increased flow of goods and services from forestry in a sustainable and efficient way directly contributes to economic development, positive effects will be derived by rural communities dependent on forests for their livelihoods.

(46) OBJECTIVE(S)

639. Concerned stakeholders in countries will more objectively and rationally guide, implement and monitor forestry policies and programmes, promoting sustainable development as well as increased economic returns, products and services from the sector.

(47) INDICATOR(S)

1. Number of countries undertaking formal policy analysis leading to decision making, taking into account emerging trends in sector development.
2. Number of active national programmes supported by this entity.

(48) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Technical support to countries on the implementation of national programmes and analysis of current policy issues.
2. Research and monitoring of trends and issues critical to forestry development in developing countries.
3. Methodologies, approaches and tools for implementation of policy and national programmes.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

243A5 | Forests, Poverty Alleviation and Food Security
Timeframe: 2004 - 2009	2004-09 Resources US$ 5,725,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	0		725		900		1100
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		800		1000		1200
Total Programme of Work	0		1525		1900		2300

(49) RATIONALE

640. Development problem to be addressed: while currently about 1.6 billion people rely more or less directly on forest resources for their livelihoods, development strategies insufficiently recognise that forests can make a decisive contribution to poverty reduction. At the same time, world's forests are declining, demands on forests and trees are increasing, and global climate changes are expected to have drastic future impacts on forests and agricultural systems.

641. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: by increasing awareness of the international community and better incorporating the role of forestry in addressing poverty alleviation and food security into national planning and policy setting, the entity will seek to heighten the influence of the forestry sector and assist with an increased contribution of forests to alleviating poverty.

642. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: an increased contribution of forests and trees to poverty alleviation and food security will particularly benefit vulnerable groups, including women, low-income households, and ethnic minorities living in and around forests.

(50) OBJECTIVE(S)

643. Increased national and international awareness of the forestry sector's contribution to poverty alleviation, food security and sustainable development and a strengthened role of forestry in national and international planning and policy setting.

(51) INDICATOR(S)

1. Examples of national poverty reduction strategies and other policy frameworks which promote the role of forestry in poverty alleviation and food security.

(52) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Studies on impact of forest policies and strategies on poverty alleviation and food security
2. Guidelines and workshops to support capacity building and raise awareness on role of forestry in poverty alleviation and food security
3. Research and studies on new approaches and opportunities to enhance the contribution of forest and trees to poverty alleviation.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

243P4 | Participatory Forestry and Sustainable Livelihoods
Timeframe: continuing programme activity	2004-09 Resources US$ 6,210,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	798		790		900		920
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	1000		1200		1200		1200
Total Programme of Work	1798		1990		2100		2120

(53) RATIONALE

644. Development problem to be addressed: Participation of the main stakeholders in decisions on the use and management of forest and tree resources has been recognised as a most effective means to enhance the contribution of forestry to rural livelihoods in a sustainable fashion. Yet, participatory forestry has had difficulties moving beyond isolated and short-lived initiatives.

645. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: improved participation of key stakeholders in forest management policy, planning, legislation and implementation practices and an enabling environment for livelihood-oriented forestry are the main areas of attention under this entity.

646. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: Increased opportunities and security regarding access to, and use of tree and forest resources, will benefit directly people whose livelihoods are heavily dependent on these resources. An improved and sustainable management context for forest resources will benefit the general public.

(54) OBJECTIVE(S)

647. Forest management policy, planning and legislation and implementation practices at local, national and regional levels reflect appropriate participation of key stakeholders, including local communities, and create an enabling environment for better access to forest resources and sustainable livelihoods.

(55) INDICATOR(S)

1. Examples of successful policy development processes that involved local communities and civil society organizations.
2. Evidence of improved community organisation and formation of local enterprises of forest dependent communities.

(56) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Approaches for the participatory formulation of forest policy and legislation and planning and management of forest resources.
2. Multi-stakeholder capacity building materials and training in participatory processes and approaches.
3. Methodologies, guidelines and tools for improving participatory natural resources management and sustainable livelihoods.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

243S1 | Interaction with Field Programmes and Advisory Services
Timeframe: technical services on demand	2004-09 Resources US$ 5,840,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1675		1880		1950		2010
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		0		0		0
Total Programme of Work	1675		1880		1950		2010

648. This entity provides for the usual range of technical services related to the disciplines covered by Programme 2.4.3, including policy formulation and participatory forestry.

Programme 2.4.4: Forestry Information and Liaison

649. This programme covers FAO's key role in providing country-based forestry information at the regional and global levels, which will be further strengthened through partnerships with the countries themselves and other international and regional organizations. Information provided will be made available in all languages of the Organization. The reporting burden of countries will be reduced through improved use of technology. Synergies with other key organizations will be increased through the Collaborative Partnership on Forests, under the retitled entity 244A1, International Forestry Processes.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

244A1 | International Forestry Processes
Timeframe: 2002 - 2007	2004-09 Resources US$ 1,572,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	556		572		600		0
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	200		200		200		0
Total Programme of Work	756		772		800		0

(57) RATIONALE

650. Development problem to be addressed: Members require substantial technical support in relation to their participation in international forest-related instruments and processes, including for the preparation of coordinated inputs. They also need support to decision making and consensus building towards actions to achieve and promote sustainable forest management worldwide.

651. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: increased consensus and action-oriented outcomes within international forest processes, as well as catalytic support from FAO for the implementation of the actions agreed in these processes should lead to better national, regional and global practices for the sustainable management of forest resources.

652. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: the UN Forum on Forests (UNFF) and member organizations of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF) in particular will benefit from more effective and consensus-based actions to achieve and promote sustainable forest management worldwide, ultimately benefiting all countries and populations.

(58) OBJECTIVE(S)

653. Increased consensus and action-oriented outcomes within various international forest-related instruments and processes coupled with facilitation of the implementation of actions agreed in these processes at national, regional and global levels.

(59) INDICATOR(S)

1. Examples and evidence of increased consensus and action-oriented outcomes arising out of international forestry related instruments and processes.
2. Examples of implementation of actions agreed in international forestry processes at the national, regional and global levels benefiting from support from this entity.

(60) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Coordinated technical, policy and legal inputs in support to the United Nations Forum on Forests.
2. Coordinated inputs and support to the Collaborative Partnership on Forests.
3. Coordinated reports to Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) on the implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcome of World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD).
4. Coordinated forestry reports and inputs to various processes and international conventions.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

244P1 | Forestry Information
Timeframe: continuing programme activity	2004-09 Resources US$ 8,176,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1846		2296		2600		2680
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	200		200		200		200
Total Programme of Work	2046		2496		2800		2880

(61) RATIONALE

654. Development problem to be addressed: a lack of transparency, clarity and comparability in forestry information, coupled with the extensive geographic spread of forests and their diverse characteristics, makes it quite challenging to have a clear picture of how resources are changing over time, constraining attempts to reform plans, policies and programmes to advance sustainable management of forests. As a result, well-intended policy reform cannot be monitored for effectiveness, while illegal activities and misuse of forest resources result in forest degradation or disappearance.

655. Proposed contribution to problem resolution: improved awareness of key forestry issues and advocacy of sustainable management of forest resources by policy makers and other important sectoral stakeholders, will facilitate reform and refinement of national forest policies and programmes.

656. Intended end beneficiaries and benefits: more successful reform efforts will advance sustainable management of forests, stem resource degradation and misuse, as well as illegal activities in the sector, benefiting national governments and both current and future generations.

(62) OBJECTIVE(S)

657. Improved awareness of key forestry issues, advocacy of sustainable management of forest resources (on the part of policy makers in formulating forest sector plans and of researchers and academic institutions in informing the public debate) based on wider access to a current and objective information base.

(63) INDICATOR(S)

1. Evidence of improved awareness and advocacy of key forestry issues impacting sustainable development.
2. Increased pursuit and achievement of sustainable development policies by government officials and other decision makers formulating forest sector plans.

(64) MAJOR OUTPUT(S)

1. Forestry Web site, providing access to databases and other information using dynamic search criteria.
2. Institution building services and methods for managing countries' forest-related data, information and knowledge.
3. Production of coordinated forestry information materials.
4. Documentation and search facilities and services, linked with specialised documentation centres.
5. Advocacy activities for non-technical audiences on selected forestry issues.

(All amounts in US$ 000s)

244S1 | Support to Statutory Bodies and Liaison with the Regional Offices
Timeframe: technical services on demand	2004-09 Resources US$ 5,640,000
	PWB	MTP
	2002-03		2004-05		2006-07		2008-09
Programme of Work (initial)	1713		1750		1920		1970
Estimated Additional Voluntary Contributions	0		0		0		0
Total Programme of Work	1713		1750		1920		1970

658. This entity covers servicing of COFO¹⁰⁸, other statutory bodies in forestry such as the Regional Forestry Commissions, the Advisory Committee on Paper and Wood Products, the International Poplar Commission, Silva Mediterranea, the Working Group of the African Forestry and Wildlife Commission, and the Panel of Experts on Forest Genetic Resources. It also provides a focal point for interaction with forestry officers in Regional and Sub-regional Offices, and seconded to other organizations.

________________________

¹⁰⁸ Committee on Forestry