The 2030 Agenda and Paris Agreement tied the knot between sustainable economic development and a climate-resilient, low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions future. Moving forward, accounting for potential changes in GHG emissions will be a vital...

EX-ACT Value Chain (EX-ACT VC) is derived from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT). The tool is based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology...

EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) is an Excel-based model from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). It is based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology (including the 2013 wetland...

This report is prepared to provide an ex-ante appraisal of the carbon-balance of the “Environmental Services Project” (ESP) of the World Bank, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and the Swedish International Deveopment Cooperation Agency (SIDA)...

This report is a case study of a multi-impact appraisal of a paddy value chain in India. The value chain is analysed from production to the distribution of rice into inner markets, comparing the performance...

This report is a case study of a multi-impact appraisal of a cacao value chain in Haiti. The value chain is analysed from production to the distribution of rice to retailers, comparing the performance of...

The Model Agreement for Responsible Contract Farming is a simple and practical legal tool to support the implementation of global principles and guidelines and make responsible investment a reality. It is designed to address some...

In contract farming schemes, the process of developing the contract is very important for building long-lasting trust between farmers and buyers. As a common best practice, the whole contract formation process should be carried out...