Pollinators are essential for fruit, vegetable, oilseed, and forage production, as well as for the production of seed for many root and fibre crops. In addition to being essential to food security and quality, pollinators contribute to the production of medicines, biofuels (e.g. canola and palm oil), fibres (e.g. cotton and linen), and construction materials such as timber. Livelihoods based on beekeeping and honey hunting are embedded in many rural economies. The large importance of pollinators, for both wild and cultivated plants, means they are fundamental to maintaining ecosystem services and upholding global biodiversity.