Pulses are a cornerstone of global nutrition, offering high-quality protein, essential amino acids, and vital micronutrients. Despite their importance, yields have remained stagnant over the past six decades, largely due to their cultivation in rainfed, resource-limited environments and a lack of targeted policy support. Today, pulses contribute only about 1% of total global food supply, yet they hold immense potential to address malnutrition, enhance food security, and reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers that drive greenhouse gas emissions.

Beyond their nutritional benefits, pulses play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture. Their ability to fix nitrogen naturally reduces the need for chemical inputs, improving soil fertility and lowering environmental impact. In rainfed agroecosystems, where over 60% of global food is produced, pulses offer a resilient solution, requiring minimal water, nutrients, and energy while maintaining productivity under harsh conditions. Their cultivation helps counteract soil degradation, improve carbon sequestration, and support biodiversity, making them essential for climate adaptation.

This study underscores the urgent need for research, policy interventions, and investment to unlock the full potential of pulses in rainfed agriculture. By integrating pulses into sustainable farming strategies, stakeholders can strengthen food security, improve livelihoods, and contribute to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Recognizing their ecological and economic benefits, pulses must be prioritized in global efforts toward a more resilient and nutrition-secure future.