Key measures of eco-agricultural practices include landscape design at landscape level, circulation system design at ecosystem level and biological relationship design at community or sub-community level. Landscape design includes biological conservation design, resources utilization framework design, ecological safety design, and aesthetic landscape design. Circulation system design includes field circulation system, crop and animal circulation system, agriculture and processing industry circulation system, village and field circulation system, urban and rural circulation system and bio-geochemical circulation system. In order to remodel the simplified and separated processes of biological relationships in modern agriculture, biological relationships design is proposed. In crop production, for example, it can improve nutrient supply, pest control and resource utilization efficiency by optimizing relationships such as crop-insect, crop-microorganism, crop-animal, crop-shrub, crop-grass, crop-tree and crop-other crops. China’s eco-agriculture, which is supported by these three measures, is different from the development path of western industrialized countries. China can well pass on this elegant tradition of traditional Chinese agriculture and promote the application of modern science and technology, such as modern information technology, biotechnology, material science and advance mechanical manufacture, in agriculture. It can also promote the establishment of modern agricultural enterprises, legislation processes and the set-up of modern management system. These key measures of eco-agricultural practices can provide scientific basis for the evaluation of eco-agricultural practices.