Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a highly contagious transboundary disease with zoonotic potential affecting both animal and human health. It causes variable clinical signs and high mortality rates in both wild and domestic bird populations. Current H5 AI outbreaks have severely impacted countries globally, causing losses of rare and important wild bird species, as well as significant social and economic costs, including livelihood losses and egg shortages.

The spread of HPAI also strains poultry-related businesses, as measures such as culling and movement restrictions are necessary to contain the virus, which can disrupt the trade of poultry products. The ongoing devastation highlights the urgent need for improved control measures to prevent spillover and viral changes that could lead to a global pandemic. HPAI also infects mammals and humans, posing serious public health risks. Infected mammals include domestic cats, cattle, and wild animals such as foxes and seals, with human cases, although rare, occurring in those with close contact with infected poultry or environments.

Addressing these challenges requires a robust One Health approach. The FAO’s One Health Programme Priority Area (OHPPA), specifically the Better Production 3 (BP3) program, focuses on enhancing productivity and mitigating zoonotic infections risks like HPAI. It aims to strengthen early warning systems, improve biosecurity measures, and enhance preparedness and response to food chain emergencies. By promoting sustainable and inclusive food and agriculture supply chains, BP3 helps ensure resilient agrifood systems, while mitigating the impacts of HPAI.

FAO's role

Since 2004, FAO has worked globally to combat avian influenza (AI) by promoting biosecurity, improving disease control, and enhancing laboratory diagnostic capabilities through the One Health approach. In partnership with FAO/WOAH Reference Laboratories and other organizations, FAO monitors and assesses AI risks, providing laboratory protocols and sharing vital epidemiological and virological findings. FAO regularly issues updates on transboundary and emerging diseases, including AI, offering technical guidance and response recommendations.

Through the WOAH/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza (OFFLU), FAO coordinates efforts to prevent, detect, and control animal influenzas and collaborates with WHO on pandemic preparedness and risk assessment.

Q&A

Q&A on avian influenza with FAO’s global surveillance coordinator on a perennial threat to human and animal health.