Nine out of every ten of the world's 30 million people who make a living directly from fishing live in Asia and some 80 percent of them are small-scale fisherfolk. However, the food and livelihood needs of a growing population are running up against limited fishery resources, which are fast depleting in most coastal regions of Asia. This publication contains the results of a study of small-scale fishery along Thailand's Andaman Sea coast, which accounts for up to 14 percent of the country's total fish catch. It uses data from the national marine fishery census together with a field study of socio-economic conditions and fishery practices in six representative coastal villages around the bay of Phan-nga, which spreads across 3000 sq km, including 1900 sq km of mangrove. The study also examines the use and incomes from three types of small-scale fishing gear and uses this information along with socio-geographic data to assess sustainable small-scale fishery management options.