The use of medicinal treatments to rid salmon of parasitic sea lice was once standard practice in Norway’s aquaculture sector, but they now account for less than 20 percent of treatments, following the development of a range of alternatives, including biological and mechanical options. Funds are being channelled into the development of vaccines against sea lice. The development of novel medicinal treatments is also ongoing. The key benefits of sea lice prevention, monitoring and treatment programmes in Norway are improved salmon health and welfare, with far fewer secondary infections. This means fewer rejections and downgrades of the fish and therefore improved profits. In Asia, significant economic losses are caused by parasites in pond and cage culture. Lessons can be learned from the salmon sector’s sea lice prevention, monitoring and treatment systems, although poor water clarity in Asia may pose difficulties for the direct transfer of some technologies.