The countries of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam are part of the Mekong region. The Philippines on the other hand is an archipelago but joins the said countries as a member of the ASEAN. In all the six countries, livestock plays an important role for the livelihoods of poor farmers both as a food and income source. It is an important source of income for a large share of farmers in the Mekong region and its development has important repercussions for poverty reduction and income distribution, directly for the single household and through multiplier effects on local communities.