CFS is characterized by its inclusiveness, involving Member States and Participants from UN agencies, civil society, research institutions, financial institutions, private sector organizations, and philanthropic foundations. The CFS Plenary is the main decision-making body, meeting annually. The Bureau, representing seven regions, and the Advisory Group, comprising five categories of Participants, support the Plenary. The High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE-FSN) provides scientific analysis and advice.

CFS membership includes Member States and Participants from various sectors such as UN agencies, civil society, research institutions, financial institutions, private sector organizations, and philanthropic foundations. This diverse membership ensures that all relevant stakeholders are involved in the policy debate and decision-making processes.