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The International Coastal and Ocean Organization1 , on behalf of the Global Forum on Oceans, Coasts, and Islands2 , urges the UNFCCC to further emphasize the importance of marine and freshwater ecosystems and resources and their vulnerability to climate change and to fully incorporate integrated and ecosystem-based principles and approaches in the shared vision for long-term cooperative action and in the adaptation, mitigation, financing, and technology strategies and measures.
The International Labour Organization (ILO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) welcome the opportunity to express suggestions in the framework of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long Term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) related to development and social issues, in particular on employment and incomes, food and agriculture, gender equality, health and development. Collectively and individually our organizations are available to assist parties in their endeavour to make informed decisions.
Grasslands occupy about half of the emerged ice free world, make up approximately 70 percent of the worldís agricultural area (FAO, 2005) and represent a major terrestrial carbon carbon (C) stock which can be increased by appropriate management. The global technical mitigation potential by 2030 for grazing land management estimated by IPCC (2007) is high. Low cost mitigation options based on enhancing carbon sequestration in grasslands are available. These practices generate additional important co-benefits in the form of food security, biodiversity and water conservation, and improved resilience and thus adaptation to climate change. There are important methodological issues to be addressed (carbon monitoring, permanence, leakage) but increasing experience with LULUCF carbon monitoring and projections will provide valuable insight for resolving these. There are compelling reasons to consider grasslands as part of a holistic approach (all gases, all sources and sinks) to land use and land use change in the context of deliberations at COP15 in Copenhagen and beyond.