FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 317
Fish production in irrigation canals A review
|
FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 317 Fish production in irrigation canals A review |
by
Theresa A. Redding
and
Alex B. Midlen
Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling
Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
Reprinted 1990
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
M-43
ISBN 92-5-103017-0
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1991
© FAO
This document has been prepared in response to the recommendation of the Fourth Session of the Indo-Pacific Fishery Commission Working Party of Experts on Inland Fisheries, Kathmandu, Nepal, 8–14 September 1988, which, recognizing the potential importance of irrigation and other canals for fisheries development in the region, recommended that FAO coordinate information retrieval on this subject.
The references are presented as prepared by the authors.
Distribution:
FAO Fisheries Department
FAO Regional Fisheries Officers
Directors of Fisheries
FAO Representatives
Members of the IPFC Working Party
Members of the EIFAC Working Party
Inland Waters - General
Authors
| Redding, T.A.; Midlen, A.B. Fish production in irrigation canals. A review. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 317. Rome, FAO. 1990. 111 p. |
| ABSTRACT |
| This publication reviews the potential for fisheries production from irrigation canals. It deals with the subject under the following major headings: engineering aspects of irrigation systems; factors limiting fish production in canals; weed growth and associated problems in irrigation canals. Cage culture in irrigation canals is presented in case studies for Indonesia, Egypt and Thailand, and pen culture in China. Both cage and pen culture are considered to be the most suitable forms of aquaculture in irrigation canals. Fish can be profitably and successfully reared in irrigation canals to control unwanted aquatic weed growth, and there is some potential for the use of fish to control vectors and hosts of waterborne diseases. Amongst the constraints, levels of pesticides in fish tissues cultured in irrigation systems could be a problem in the development of foodfish production in irrigation canals. The major constraint to aquaculture development in such systems is that a continuous, preferably constant, flow of water is required throughout the culture period and this is not available in many irrigation systems. |
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1.1 Fish production from freshwaters
1.2 Fish production and irrigation systems
2. ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
2.1.3 Tubewell irrigation systems
2.2.1 Underground pipeline irrigation
2.3 Generalised surface irrigation scheme
3. FACTORS LIMITING FISH PRODUCTION IN CANALS
3.1.3 Implications for fish production
3.2 Overwatering and salinization
3.2.4 Implications for fish production
3.3 Silt loading and sedimentation
3.3.1 Problems resulting from increased silt loading
3.3.2 Problems resulting from decreased silt loading
3.3.3 Implications for fish production
3.4.2 Water abstraction - effects on the natural environment
3.4.3 Implications for fish production
3.5 Water quality and pollution
3.5.3 Implications of the use of pesticides for fish production
3.5.5 Implications of nutrient enrichment for fish production
3.5.6 Water quality and the potential for fish production in canals fed by the hypolimnetic or epilimnetic waters
4. AQUATIC WEEDS AND ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
4.2 Factors affecting aquatic weed growth
4.3 Effects of aquatic weed growth on the canal systems and their fish stocks
4.4 Impact of aquatic weed growth on the human population
4.5 Aquatic weed control using fish
4.6 Other fish species used for weed control
4.7 Alternative uses of aquatic weeds
5. DISEASE CONTROL IN IRRIGATION CANALS
6. THE POTENTIAL OF IRRIGATION CANALS FOR FISH PRODUCTION
6.1 Nature of water supply and energy sources
6.2 Reduced niche space in irrigation canals
7. METHODS OF FISH PRODUCTION IN IRRIGATION CANALS
7.1 Capture fisheries in irrigation canals and associated risks
7.1.2 Management of fisheries in canals
7.2 Fish culture in irrigation canals and associated risks
7.2.3 Case studies - cage culture in irrigation canals
7.2.5 Case studies - pen culture in irrigation canals
8. LEGAL AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS TO FISH PRODUCTION IN IRRIGATION CANALS
8.1 Legal constraints to capture fisheries