by
Philip S. Cruz
Cruz Aquaculture Corporation
Bacolod City, the Philippines
FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER
366
|
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations |
Rome, 1997
|
The designations employed and the presentation of material in
this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the
part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
M-44
ISBN 92-5-104044-3
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
© FAO 1997
2.1 Geography and Demography
2.2 Climate
2.3 Administrative Regions and Provinces
2.4 General Economy
2.5 Land and Water Resources
2.6 Per caput Food Supply and Consumption
2.7 Agriculture, Fishery, and Aquaculture Production
2.8 Medium-Term Agricultural Development Plan of the Philippines
3.1 Status of the Feed Industry
3.1.1 Aquaculture feed production
3.1.2 Poultry and livestock feed production3.2.1 Hatchery feeds
3.2.2 Growout feeds
3.2.3 Unprocessed feeds3.3.1 Major feedstuffs
3.3.2 Other feedstuffs
3.3.3 Non-conventional feedstuffs
3.3.4 Fats and oils
3.3.5 Vitamins and minerals
3.3.6 Feed additives3.4 Marketing and Distribution
3.5 Nutrient Analysis of Feedstuffs
3.6 Directories of Manufacturers and Suppliers of Feeds, Feed Ingredients, Feed Additives, and Feed Manufacturing Equipment
4.1 Status of the Fertilizer Industry
4.1.1 Fertilizer sales
4.1.2 Imports, production, and exports
4.1.3 Fertilizers used in aquaculture4.2 Inorganic Fertilizer Resources
4.3 Organic Fertilizer Resources
4.3.1 Animal manures
4.3.2 Processed organic fertilizers
4.3.3 Agricultural by-products and processing residues4.4 Marketing and Distribution
4.5 Directories of Importers, Manufacturers, and Distributors of Fertilizers
5. CULTURE SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES
6.1 Outlook for Feed Resources
6.2 Outlook for Fertilizer Resources
6.3 Considerations and Limitations on Fertilization and Feeding Strategies6.3.1 Manure loading in fishponds
6.3.2 Development of specific fertilization strategies
6.3.3 Maximization of pond carrying capacity
6.3.4 Use of low digestibility feedstuffs
6.3.5 Initiation of supplementary feeding
6.3.6 Production of farm-made feeds
6.3.7 Development of feeds for semi-intensive culture
Table 1. Human resources
Table 2. Population and population density by region
Table 3. National accounts of the Philippines in 1994
Table 4. Foreign trade of the Philippines in 1985-1994 (US$ million)
Table 5. Gross domestic product by industry group in the Philippines in 1994 (US$ million)
Table 6. Gross value added in agriculture, fishery and forestry by industry group in the Philippines in 1994 (US$ million)
Table 7. Gross domestic product and gross value added in agriculture, fishery and forestry by region in the Philippines in 1994 (US$ million)
Table 8. Major agricultural exports of the Philippines in 1994 (volume in ‘000 metric tons and value US$ FOB million)
Table 9. Major Philippine fishery imports by kind, origin, quantity and value in 1994
Table 10. Major Philippine fishery exports by commodity, destination, quantity and value in 1994
Table 11. Fishery production and supply for food use in the Philippines in 1994
Table 12. Land area and agricultural area by region in the Philippines
Table 13. Fishery resources of the Philippines in 1994
Table 14. Ten major lakes of the Philippines
Table 15. Per caput food supply in the Philippines in 1992
Table 16a. Retail prices of selected fish and meat products in the Philippines in 1995 (US$)
Table 16b. Retail prices of selected fish and meat products in the Philippines in 1990 (US$)
Table 17. Per caput consumption of fish and other meat products in the Philippines in 1987
Table 18. Philippine agricultural crops by area, production and value in 1994
Table 19. Major agricultural crop production in the Philippines by region in 1994 (volume given in thousand metric tons)
Table 20. Philippine livestock and poultry inventory by region in 1994 (in thousand heads)
Table 21. Philippine aquaculture production of major species by region in 1994 (volume given in metric tons)
Table 22. Area of aquaculture production by province in the Philippines in 1994 (ha)
Table 23. Registered commercial and non-commercial mixed feed production in the Philippines from 1990-1994 (mt)
Table 24. Registered production capacity of commercial mixed feed manufacturers in the Philippines in 1995
Table 25. Size distribution of commercial mixed-feed manufacturers in the Philippines in 1995
Table 26. Top ten commercial feedmills in the Philippines and their rated capacity in 1995
Table 27. Estimated commercial aquaculture feed use in the Philippines by major island groups in 1995
Table 28. Commercial hatchery and nursery feed suppliers in the Philippines
Table 29. Commercial and non-commercial aquaculture feed manufacturers in the Philippines
Table 30. Specifications and indicative price of commercial fish feeds available in the Philippines
Table 31. Specifications and indicative price of commercial shrimp feeds available in the Philippines
Table 32. Description of major feedstuffs available in the Philippines
Table 33. Philippine imports and exports of feedstuffs in 1994
Table 34. Utilization of major feedstuffs in pig, chicken, fish and shrimp foods in the Philippines
Table 35. Manufacturers and suppliers of aquaculture feedstuffs in the Philippines
Table 36. Philippine corn production by region in 1994
Table 37. Selected non-conventional feedstuffs of potential value to aquaculture available in the Philippines
Table 38. Philippine imports and exports of selected fats and oils in 1994
Table 39. Manufacturers and suppliers of fats and oils in the Philippines
Table 40. Vitamins and minerals commonly used in aquaculture feeds in the Philippines
Table 41. Feed additives used in aquaculture feeds in the Philippines
Table 42. On-farm therapeutants used in aquaculture feeds in the Philippines
Table 43. On-farm feed additives which have been used in aquaculture feeds in the Philippines
Table 44. Indicative price of selected feed ingredients in the Philippines
Table 45a. Proximate composition of commonly used feed ingredients: Protein supplements
Table 45b Proximate composition of commonly used feed ingredients: Energy
Table 45c. Proximate composition of commonly used natural foods
Table 46. Amino acid composition of feedstuffs available in the Philippines
Table 47. Fatty acid composition of selected fats and lipids available in the Philippines
Table 48a. Directory of registered poultry and livestock feed manufacturers in the Philippines: Commercial
Table 48b. Directory of poultry and livestock feed manufacturers in the Philippines: Non-commercia
Table 49. Directory of hatchery feed suppliers in the Philippines
Table 50. Directory of commercial and non-commercial aquaculture feed manufacturers in the Philippines
Table 51. Directory of manufacturers and suppliers of feed ingredients and additives in the Philippines
Table 52. Directory of accredited abattoirs in the Philippines
Table 53. Directory of meat processors in the Philippines
Table 54. Directory of poultry dressing plants in the Philippines
Table 55. Directory of fish landing centres in the Philippines
Table 56. Philippine fertilizer sales by grade in 1994 (volume given in metric tons)
Table 57. Philippine fertilizer production, imports and exports in 1994 (volume given in metric tons)
Table 58. Organic fertilizers for fishpond use in the Philippines
Table 59. Physical facilities and capacities of inorganic fertilizer manufacturers in the Philippines
Table 60. Nutrient composition of selected manures
Table 61. Estimated manure production within the major broiler and layer chicken growing provinces in the Philippines
Table 62. Major agricultural crops wastes and processing residues with potential organic fertilizer use available in the Philippines
Table 63. Number of registered fertilizer importers, distributors and dealers by region in the Philippines
Table 64. Average import and retail price of chemical fertilizers in the Philipines (values given in US$/ton)
Table 65. Cost structure of urea from various ports in the Philippines in 1991
Table 66. Directory of licensed fertilizer importers in the Philippines
Table 67. Directory of inorganic fertilizer manufacturers in the Philippines
Table 68. Directory of registered organic fertilizer manufacturers in the Philippines
Table 69. Directory of licensed fertilizer distributors in the Philippines
Table 70. Pond culture and management of milkfish, tilapia, and shrimp farming in the Philippines
Table 71. Cage and pen culture and management of milkfish and tilapia farming in the Philippines
Table 72. Natural food types in ponds and their characteristics
Table 73. Feeding methods and equipments for fish culture
Table 74. Suppliers and manufacturers of feeding equipment in the Philippines
Table 75. Estimated demand of selected feedstuffs at 6 million mt of total compounded feed volume
Table 76. Supply and demand of chicken manure in selected provinces of the Philippines
Appendix 1. Feedmilling equipment manufacturers and suppliers
Appendix 2. Example of commercial vitamin and mineral premix for use in aquaculture feeds
Appendix 3. Nutrient standards for aquaculture, poultry and livestock feeds
Appendix 4. Guidelines and regulations laid down by the Bureau of Animal Industry regarding feeds and feedstuffs
Appendix 5. Average exchange rate for the Philippine peso against the US$: 1980-1994
Appendix 6. List of some government and commercial private laboratories for feed, soil and water analysis
Appendix 7. Major government organizations involved in the feed and fertilizer industries