FOREST RESOURCES, POLICY, LEGISLATION AND INSTITUTIONS IN BULGARIA (contd.)

Table 7: Main land-use categories - 1990

			Total area ' 000 ha)	% of total land	Coniferous (' 000 ha)	Broadleaved (' 000 ha)

Total land (excluding water¹) of which:			11,063	100

Forest and other wooded land			3,871	35	1,330	2,541
	- closed forest		3,348	30	1,213	2,135
		- exploitable²	3,327	30	1,192	2,135
		- unexploitable³	21	-	21	-
	- other wood land		523	5	117	406
Non-forest land			7,192	65
	- agricultural land		6,168	56
	- other		1,024	9

Source: Statistical Yearbook, Forest Committee, Bulgaria

NOTES:
¹ The total area of outland water in Bulgaria is 11,099,360 ha.

² In Bulgaria, practically all forests are exploitable. Although final cuttings in nature conservation forests and some other types of forest are limited to some extent by legal prescriptions or by the profitability motive, in the correct sense of the word no forest can be regarded as non-exploitable.

³ Area of dwarf mountain pine stands.

Table 8: Age-class distribution in stocked exploitable closed forest - 1990 (in ' 000 ha)

			Total	10 or less	11–20	21–40	41–60	61–80	81–100	101 or more	Uneven-aged stands	Average rotation (years)

High forest
	-	Coniferous	1,107	120	470	199	78	108	77	55	..
		- Pine and larch	566	61	239	104	53	65	34	10	..	100–120
		- Spruce and other	541	61	239	104	53	65	34	10	..	80–120

	-	Broadleaved	1,319	60	230	376	172	134	127	220	..
		- Beech	423	11	43	41	36	67	76	149	..	100–140
		- Oak	399	18	66	128	62	42	34	49	..	120–160
		- Other	497	31	121	207	74	25	17	22	..

Coppice			901	65	71	486	247	32	-	-	..
High forest			%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
	-	Coniferous	100	11	42	18	7	10	7	5	..
		- Pine and larch	100	11	42	19	9	11	6	2	..	100–120
		- Spruce and other	100	11	42	18	5	8	8	8	..	80–120

	-	Broadleaved	100	5	17	28	13	10	10	17	..
		- Beech	100	2	10	10	9	16	18	35	..	100–140
		- Oak	100	5	17	32	15	11	8	12	..	120–160
		- Other	100	6	24	42	15	5	3	5	..

Coppice			100	7	8	54	27	4	-	-	..

Source: Statistical Yearbook, Forest Committee, Bulgaria

Note:
Low forest 117,000 ha: average rotation = 15 years
Coppice with longer rotation 388,400 ha: average rotation = 60–80 years
Coppice with shorter rotation 395,600 ha: average rotation = 40–60 years

Table 9: Area and standing volume distribution - 1990

Area in ha
Species	1–20	21–40	41–60	61–80	81–100	101–120	121–140	141–160	Total

Pinus silvestris	298711	103100	52203	64126	33722	7986	1388	499	561735
Pinus nigra	207968	77536	11206	7785	5289	2254	914	687	313639
Picca spp.	55980	10777	9311	27147	27442	15873	5061	2284	153875
Abies spp.	4532	2663	1886	4197	6932	6055	2593	1676	30534
Other conifers	20042	3974	2916	3453	3402	1895	984	2632	39298
Fagus silvatica	50842	33881	25448	56381	62775	49004	43394	33213	354938
Quercus spp. (except cerris)	58146	22847	8032	11924	14086	14917	13667	4124	147743
Quercus cerris	10327	8173	2055	1417	2293	2703	2810	971	30749
Other broadlleaves	91740	45207	14135	5802	3737	2724	2094	1448	166887
Poplar	20727	1553	36	4					33320
Reconstruction forests	73089	251719	116605	54780	40863	24136	12869	5098	579159
Conversion forests with high yield	23285	209961	129805	15394					378445
Conversion forests with low yield	24155	224181	108618	14917					371871
Low coppice forests (Rubinia)	71376	32666	3324	519					107885
Total area	1010920	1028238	485580	267846	200541	127547	85774	52632	3259078

Standing volume (in ' 000 m³ sob)
Species	1–20	21–40	41–60	61–80	81–100	101–120	121–140	141–160	Total

Pinus silvestris	19240	19495	12326	19339	11067	2577	359	105	84508
Pinus nigra	5776	9786	2187	1787	1478	561	236	126	21937
Picca spp.	1060	1392	2625	10560	10678	5643	1817	809	34584
Abies spp.	98	295	574	1903	2975	2296	1099	742	9982
Other conifers	964	559	389	982	1141	608	289	717	5649
Fagus silvatica	1161	3956	5253	14134	17632	13672	12173	10353	78334
Quercus spp. (except cerris)	1271	2131	1058	1619	2119	2700	2290	736	13924
Quercus cerris	257	780	285	189	300	477	461	160	2909
Other broadlleaves	3422	7069	3052	1300	893	694	506	338	17274
Poplar	1359	407	6	0.3					1772.3
Reconstruction forests	1597	8391	5280	3546	3145	2052	1223	508	25742
Conversion forests with high yield	1521	26704	21824	3030					53079
Conversion forests with low yield	1075	23225	14611	2503					41414
Low coppice forests (Rubinia)	2919	3035	316	21					6291
Total area	41720	107225	69786	60913.3	51428	31280	20453	14594	397399.3

Standing volume (in m³ sob/ha)
Species	1–20	21–40	41–60	61–80	81–100	101–120	121–140	141–160	Average

Pinus silvestris	64.4	189.1	236.1	301.6	328.2	322.7	258.6	210.4	150.4
Pinus nigra	27.8	126.2	195.2	229.5	279.4	248.9	258.2	183.4	69.9
Picca spp.	18.9	129.2	281.9	389.0	389.1	355.5	359.0	354.2	224.8
Abies spp.	21.6	110.8	304.3	453.4	429.2	379.2	423.8	442.7	326.9
Other conifers	48.1	140.7	133.4	284.4	335.4	320.8	293.7	272.4	143.7
Fagus silvatica	22.8	116.8	206.4	250.7	280.9	279.0	280.5	311.7	220.7
Quercus spp. (except cerris)	21.9	93.3	131.7	135.8	150.4	181.0	167.6	178.5	94.2
Quercus cerris	24.9	95.4	138.7	133.4	130.8	176.5	164.1	164.8	94.6
Other broadlleaves	37.3	156.4	215.9	224.1	239.0	254.8	241.6	233.4	103.5
Poplar	65.6	262.1	166.7	75.0					79.4
Reconstruction forests	21.9	33.3	45.3	64.7	77.0	85.0	95.0	99.6	44.4
Conversion forests with high yield	65.3	127.2	168.1	196.8					140.3
Conversion forests with low yield	44.5	103.6	134.5	167.8					111.4
Low coppice forests (Rubinia)	40.9	92.9	95.1	40.5					58.3
						Average for all forest areas			121.9