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MALAYSIA COASTAL AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT
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| FI:DP/MAL/77/008 Field Document 2 October 1984 |
Selected papers prepared during the activities
of the Coastal Aquaculture Demonstration and
Training Project
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Food and Agriculture Organization is greatly indebted to all those who
assisted in the implementation of the project by providing information, advice
and facilities.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1984
Hyperlinks to non-FAO Internet sites do not imply any official endorsement of or responsibility for the opinions, ideas, data or products presented at these locations, or guarantee the validity of the information provided. The sole purpose of links to non-FAO sites is to indicate further information available on related topics.
This electronic document has been scanned using optical character recognition (OCR) software. FAO declines all responsibility for any discrepancies that may exist between the present document and its original printed version.
Chapter
1 Diet Development for Sea Bass, Grouper and Penaeid
Shrimp Culture in Malaysia
by Kai W. Chow
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE CONSULTANCY
3. COUNTERPART
4. SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS AND WORK COMPLETED
4.1 Survey of Feed Raw Materials
4.2 Survey of the Feed Milling Industry
4.3 Fish Diet Development at Gelang Patah
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIXES
2 Geochemistry and Microbiology of Coastal Aquaculture
Demonstration and Training Project, Gelang Patah, Johore
Bahru, Malaysia
by Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia
University
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3. FIELD GEOCHEMICAL DATA
4. AIR BUBBLING EXPERIMENTS
5. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF POTENTIAL ACIDITY
6. COMPOSITION OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
7. FIELD LEACHING EXPERIMENTS AND OTHER DATA
8. POSSIBLE BIOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO PYRITE OXIDATION AND WATER
QUALITY DETERIORATION
8.1 Methods and Experimental Design
8.2 Water without Sediment
8.3 Water over Pond Sediment
8.4 Microscopic Examinations
9. ACID BUDGET CALCULATIONS
3 Feed Formulation for Penaeid Shrimp, Sea Bass, Grouper
and Rabbitfish Culture in Malaysia
by Akio Kanazawa
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SUGGESTION ON FEED FORMULATION FOR PENAEID SHRIMP, SEA BASS,
GROUPER AND RABBITFISH
APPENDIXES
4 Report to the Food and Agriculture Organization on a
Consultancy Mission to the Fisheries Research Institute,
Glugor, Penang, Malaysia
by C.M. James
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WORK SCHEDULE
3. PHYTOPLANKTON (UNICELLULAR ALGAE)
4. MARINE YEAST
5. ROTIFERS
6. ARTEMIA
7. COPEPODS
8. RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS
9. REPORTING THE DATA
10. NUTRITIONAL STUDIES
REFERENCES AND FUTURE READING
APPENDIX I: PROCEDURE FOR MARINE YEAST CULTURE
APPENDIX II: LIST OF SUPPLIERS OF CHEMICALS AND EQUIPMENT
APPENDIX III: DATA SHEETS
5 Comparative Study of Tidal and Pumped Water Supply for
Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds in Malaysia
by R.H. Gedrey, Yuang C. Shang and H.L. Cook
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Procedure
1.4 Study Team
2. ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS
2.1 Scope
2.2 Tidal Parameters
2.3 Sites Selected
2.4 Basic Parameters
3. TIDAL PLAN
3.1 Description
3.2 Excavation and Embankments
3.3 Structures
3.4 Pond Costs
3.5 Effectiveness and Unit Hectare Costs
4. PUMPING PLAN
4.1 Description
4.2 Pumped Water Supply
4.3 Fuel Requirements
4.4 Pumping Plant
4.5 Ponds
4.6 Dikes
4.7 Pond Effectiveness
4.8 Water Supply Canal Drop Structures
4.9 Inlets
4.10 Outlets
4.11 Pumping Station Cost Estimate
4.12 Summary Cost Estimate
5. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
5.1 Scope
5.2 Comparison of Average Annual Operating Costs
5.3 Differences in break-even production level
5.4 Summary
6. STUDY FINDINGS
7. REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
6 The Contribution of Primary Production and Meiofauna to
Food Chains Based on Bacteria in Penaeid Prawn Aquaculture
Ponds
by D.J.W. Moriarty, H.L. Cook, Rosly bin Hassan and
M. Thanabal
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Pond Treatments
2.2 Water Column Measurements
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
4.1 Primary and Bacterial Production
4.2 Meiofauna as Food for the Prawns
4.3 Relationships between Bacteria and Meiofauna
7 Use of Screens and Boards in Water Management for
Tidal Ponds
by H.L. Cook, Azmi b. Abd. Rahman, L.D. Rajamanickam
and Md. Nafiah b. Md. Yasin
1. INTRODUCTION
2. TYPES OF SCREENS
2.1 Screens for the Main Gate
2.2 Screens for the Main Canal
2.3 Screens for the Pond Gate
3. MANAGEMENT
3.1 General Guidelines
3.2 Use of Wood Boards
8 Survey of Wild Fish Fry and Their Suitability for
Aquaculture in Tanjong Adang, Johor, Malaysia
by Umpol Pongsuwana, Azmi bin Abdul Rahman and
Ramli bin Khamis
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT AND METHOD OF STUDY
2.1 Boat
2.2 Seine Net
2.3 Temporary Cage
2.4 Water Quality
2.5 Transportation of Fish Seed
2.6 Transport in Plastic Bags
2.7 Transport in Tanks
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SITE
3.1 Coastline
3.2 Climatic Conditions
3.3 Water Quality
4. SPECIES CAPTURED
4.1 Lutjanus johni, Jenahak
4.2 L. russelli, Ikan Tanda
4.3 Epinephelus tauvina, Kerapu
4.4 E. sexfasciatus, Kerapu
4.5 Siganus canaliculatus, Dengkis
4.6 Siganus guttatus, Debam
4.7 Siganus javus, Dengkis
4.8 Gnathodon speciosus, Gerong-gerong
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9 Experiences in Establishing Vegetation on Acid Sulphate
Pond Dikes
by H.L. Cook, Umpol Pongsuwana, L.D. Rajamanickam and
Ramli bin Khamis
1. INTRODUCTION
2. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH OF VEGETATION ON THE DIKES
3. EXPERIMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS
4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PLANTING
4.1 Planting at Water Level
4.2 Planting High on the Dike
10 Cleaning Interior Canals of Brackishwater Ponds
by Somnuk Wechasitt
11 Aeration and Water Circulation in Brackishwater
Aquaculture Ponds
by Harry L. Cook, Somnuk Wechasitt, Chuah Toh Thye
and E. Selvam
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WATER CIRCULATION IN PONDS
3. AERATION AND CIRCULATION IN MODIFIED RACEWAY PONDS
12 Recommendations for Construction and Management of
Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds in Areas with Acid
Sulphate Soil
by H.L. Cook, Umpol Pongsuwana and Somnuk Wechasitt
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2. DESIGN CONCEPTS
2.1 Use of Soil with the Least Acidity
2.2 The Dikes should be as Small as Possible
2.3 Increasing the Volume of Water in a Pond
2.4 Eliminating Fluctuations in Water Level
2.5 Increasing pH and Decreasing Iron of Run-in Water
3. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
3.1 Organic Matter
3.2 Iron
3.3 Water Depth
3.4 Water Stratification
3.5 Water Exchange
4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
13 Fabrication of Feed Suitable for Smallholder Aquaculture
by Ismail Abu Hassan, Safiah Sayuthi, Chu Siu Chiam
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PREPARATION OF FEED
2.1 Criteria for Selection of Feed Ingredient
2.2 Principle Feed Ingredient
2.3 Procedure for Preparing the Ingredients
3. PROCESSING
3.1 Dry Pellets
3.1.1 Grinding
3.1.2 Mixing
3.1.3 Pelleting
3.1.4 Drying
3.1.5 Packing and Storage
3.2 Moist Pellet
3.3 Powdered Starter
3.4 Equipment
4. FORMULATION
5. EVLUATION OF FEED
5.1 Growth and Survival
5.2 Shrimp
5.3 Fish (Siganus guttatus, Siganus canaliculatus,
Lates calcarifer
5.4 Palatability
5.5 Water Stability