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Supporting an enabling legal environment for women’s empowerment in food and agriculture










Rubin, D. and Sutz, P. 2021. Supporting an enabling legal environment for women’s empowerment in food and agriculture. Legal Brief 7. Rome, FAO. 



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    The FAO’s Social Protection and Rural Women’s Economic Empowerment research programme of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) falls under FAO’s Strategic Objective 3 of Reducing Rural Poverty and is delivered through two flagship initiatives: the Rural Women’s Economic Empowerment Initiative (RWEE) and the From Protection to Production (PtoP) programme. The research seeks to gain a better understanding of how social protection policies and programmes can be improved to enhance impacts on rural women’s empowerment. The programme also aims at identifying ways in which social protection schemes or systems can be strengthened with regard to reducing gender inequalities and improving rural women’s economic and social empowerment, actions which can lead to more sustainable pathways out of poverty. A number of case studies will analyse the impact of social protection programmes on rural women’s economic empowerment, particularly in two domains: economic advancem ent and power and agency. The case studies will also assess the impact of programme design on these two domains, as well as the degree to which gender equality and women’s empowerment are mainstreamed in programme design and implementation. Finally, to a lesser extent, the programme will assess the synergies that these programmes have with rural services and other livelihoods interventions. Based on previous experience from the PtoP, the case studies are conducted using a mixed- method approac h that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. To achieve comparability and enable cross-country analysis, the research methods are being implemented systematically across countries. This Qualitative Research Guide describes in detail the sequencing, timing and methodology of the research process to be implemented in each country of study: training, fieldwork preparation, a simple and clear fieldwork roadmap, the theory of change hypotheses for the studies, guiding questions and researc h tools. The Guide will be used for conducting qualitative research as part of this programme and will also serve as a basis for future FAO research on women’s empowerment and agriculture.
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    This paper reviews rural women’s access to financial services, a key factor of successful rural development strategies. Designing appropriate financial products for women to be able to save, borrow and insure is essential to strengthen women’s role as producers and widen the economic opportunities available to them. For this purpose it is essential to understand how context-specific legal rights, social norms, family responsibilities and women’s access to and control over other resources shape t heir need for capital and their ability to obtain it. The paper argues that it is important that development strategies that aim to boost rural women’s productive capacity must enhance women’s direct access to financial services, i.e. not mediated through their husbands. A second benefit of improving women’s direct access to and control over resources is that this leads to higher investments in human capital and have a stronger impact on children’s health, nutrition and education with important long-term implications for families and societies. The paper details the new products and service delivery models introduced to address some of the constraints faced by women. These include technical innovations that improve access to existing financial services, changes in product design to better tailor products to women’s preferences and constraints, and the development of new products such as microinsurance.
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