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ArticleGenome-Wide Association Scan Suggests Basis for Microtia in Awassi Sheep 2016
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No results found.Microtia, the underdevelopment of the pinna, the structural part of the outer ear, has been observed in many species,including humans, mice, dogs and various livestock. Microtia is relatively prevalent in sheep, observed in multiple breeds including some entire populations, but its genetic basis has not been described. The Awassi sheep, a breed native to Southwest Asia, carries this phenotype and was targeted for molecular characterization via a genome-wide association study . DNA samples wer e collected from sheep flocks in Jordan, within the native range of the Awassi. Samples from eight affected and twelve normal individuals were genotyped with the Illumina OvineSNP50 ® chip. Haplotype-based analyses failed to identify any major runs of homozygosity associated with the trait. In contrast, a single-locus genome-wide association analysis revealed a solitary statistically significant association (P= 0.012, genome wide) with a single-nucleotide polymorphism at base-pair 34,647,4 99 on OAR23. This marker is adjacent to the gene encoding transcription factor GATA-6, which has been shown to play a critical role in many developmental processes, including chondrogenesis. The lack of extended homozygosity in this region suggests a fairly ancient mutation, and the time of occurrence was estimated to be approximately 860 generations ago. This result suggests that many of the sheep breeds showing this phenotype may share the causative mutation, especially within the sub- group of fat-tailed, wool sheep. -
DocumentThe genomic selection of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora)
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The breeding of forest tree requires a much longer and more expensive effort than the breeding of other plants. Especially, one breeding cycle for Korean red pine takes 40-50 years in conventional breeding. To reduce the period of breeding cycle of Korean red pine, genomic selection (GS), where analysis is based on the all effects of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using molecular markers of high-density, was attempted using individual data of four half-sib populations. The genotypic and phenotypic data of an individual were obtained from 50K SNP chip and 3D LiDAR scanner, respectively. For genomic selection related to four growth traits, the predictive ability of seven genomic prediction models was evaluated within- and between-regional approach. At first, the number of markers (2K, 6K, 10K and 16K) was tested and it was found that predictive abilities of genomic prediction models showed similar patterns with 6K and more markers. In addition, the predictive abilities of genomic prediction with 6K markers and three-fold cross-validation within region were estimated as 0.07~0.38 in height, 0.06~0.29 in DBH, 0.02~0.27 in straightness, and 0.06~0.25 in volume. Most of the genomic prediction results were higher than the results of A-BLUP based on the pedigree. Subsequently, when genomic prediction between regions was performed by using five regions as training population and a region as validation population, the predictive abilities were lower than that of within-region predictions. These results indicated that it is possible to improve Korean red pine for growth trait through genomic selection within region, but more experiment will be needed for between-region prediction. This study was the first trial of genomic selection for Korean forest tree, and suggested the possibility of its application to Korean red pine breeding. Keywords: Research ID: 3619084 -
Book (stand-alone)Molecular genetic characterization of animal genetic resources 2011
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No results found.The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, adopted in 2007, is the first internationally agreed framework for the management of biodiversity in the livestock sector. It calls for the development of technical guidelines to support countries in their implementation efforts. Guidelines on the Preparation of national strategies and action plans for animal genetic resources were published by FAO in 2008 and are being complemented by a series of guideline publications addressing specific technical subjects. These guidelines on Molecular characterization of animal genetic resources address Strategic Priority Area 1 of the Global Plan of Action – “Characterization, Inventory and Monitoring of Trends and Associated Risks” and particularly complement the guidelines on Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources and Surveying and monitoring of animal genetic resources published in the same series. They have been endorsed by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Foo d and Agriculture. A short overview of progress in molecular characterization of animal genetic resources over the last two decades and prospects for the future is followed by a section that provides practical advice for researchers who wish to undertake a characterization study. Emphasis is given to the importance of obtaining high-quality and representative biological samples, yielding standardized data that may be integrated into analyses on an international scale. Appendices provide a g lossary of technical terms; examples of questionnaires; an example of a simple material transfer agreement; a summary of software that can be used to analyse molecular data; and the standard International Society for Animal Genetics–FAO Advisory Group panels of microsatellite markers for nine common livestock species.
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