All Publications
2024
One Health (OH) is an emerging innovative approach that aims to promote collaboration and coordination among health sectors to address health threats at the human–animal–environment interface including zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In view of this, Egypt has early embraced the OH approach for effective mitigation of emerging zoonotic diseases, especially following the avian influenza crisis, through promoting the 4-way linking and further establishment of the OH technical advisory group (OH-TAG) as well as disease-specific technical working groups (TWGs). The training manual will be used as a national reference document for sensitizing health professionals on the concept and application of the OH approach for tackling zoonotic diseases and AMR in a coordinated manner, by providing specific examples of joint actions for implementation by the ministries in charge of human health, animal health and environmental health.
Modernization of irrigation techniques
To improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Upper EgyptThe flyer provides information about the project on modernization of irrigation techniques to improve the livelihoods of smallholders in Upper Egypt. It describes the project's objectives, outputs, geographic coverage, partners and highlights some updates. The project works towards achieving increased crop yields per unit of irrigation water used over time and improved income generation and employment in Assiut, Sohag and Qena Governorates through the promotion of: (i) tested and validated land use consolidation (LUC) approaches, modern irrigation technologies and climate-smart water management (CSWM) practices to men and women smallholder farmers affected by increasing water shortages, soil infertility and plant pests and diseases; and (ii) micro and small agrifood enterprises (MSEs) adding value to and marketing surplus irrigated food production.
Water productivity in agriculture
Purpose of the brochure is to raise awareness of project beneficiaries, partners, media representatives and different donors about the objectives and activities of the project on "Enhancement of water productivity in agriculture".
his success stories booklet showcases the importance of Farmer Field Schools (FFS) in changing the livelihooods of farmers (women, youth and men), and illustrates how it saved water and positively changed farmers’ attitudes towards modern irrigation methods, aligning with the Egyptian Government's plans to increase water use efficiency in agriculture. It also shows how FFS increased farmer solidarity, supported community resilience, and fostered cooperation, dialogue, and conflict management among farmers, leading to consensus decisions. They also empowered women through participation in dialogue and decision-making.
Transformation to low carbon agrifood value chains in Egypt
Lessons from the Sustainable Agriculture Investments and Livelihoods project
This study presents opportunities for transformation to low carbon agrifood value chains through scaling up successful climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices. The study draws upon data from 173 Farmer Field Schools (FFS) conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as part of the IFAD-funded ‘Sustainable Agriculture Investments and Livelihoods’ (SAIL) Project, implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MoALR) in Egypt. The study assesses the potential for increasing farmers’ incomes, decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and improving water-use efficiency (WUE) following the implementation of CSA interventions. It also analyses sustainable value chain production models for selected crops, with the goal of establishing climate-smart value chains that are economically feasible and present financial investment opportunities for small investors.
Egypt: Project Highlights - OSRO/EGY/102/CAN
The Government of Canada contributed USD 2 174 100 to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to improve the food security and nutrition
2023
Finding happiness in helping people
The document showcases the impact of the project on one of the ladies who benefited from the capacity building programme and the support that enabled her to become a micro-entrepreneur that can contribute to her family's financial responsibilities.
The document highlights the success that one of the women beneficiaries under the project on "Imporoved livelihoods, nutrition and empowerment of women and their families in El-Menya Governorate" has experienced due to her engagement in the project's interventions.
A new opportunity: The spark of a dream project
The flyer tells us a success story of one lady beneficiary of the project on improved livelihoods, nutrition and empowerment of rural women and their families in El-Menya Governorate. This story ihighlights the success factors and how livelihoods improved through empowerment.
Climate-smart policies to enhance Egypt's agrifood system performance and sustainability I Annexes
Highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, heat waves in Egypt are increasingly severe and frequent, raising the already high evaporation rate, accelerating crop transpiration, increasing soil aridity and elevating water requirements for both human and agricultural consumption in a country where water is imported. The forecasted spike in rainfall variability will affect flow of the Nile River, increasing both drought and high-flow years. While Egypt must produce more food for its rapidly growing population and confront high levels of child malnutrition, agricultural performance is slowing due to inefficient use of land, labour, water and energy along with environmental degradation and limited access to new technology, all of which favour increased incidence of pests and disease. Having tested climate smart agriculture (CSA) in four of Egypt’s most significant value chains – dairy, dates, maize and wheat – the authors demonstrate that CSA practices, technologies and policies will increase agricultural productivity and incomes, strengthen resilience to climate change and improve mitigation of its effects. These important, evidence-based findings have bearing well beyond Egypt’s borders. This publication is part of the Country Investment Highlights series under the FAO Investment Centre's Knowledge for Investment (K4I) programme.
The project on Improved livelihoods, nutrition and empowerment of rural women and their families in El-Menya Governorate is a project funded by the Government of Canada and lasted for 1.5 years. The project was able to achieve its targets as described in the project document. Now that the project is ending by 31 July 2023, achievements are documented in a summarized way in this flyer.
The report highlights in-country consultations that were conducted to take stock of existing data availability, institutional and technical expertise, national and sector development and climate change strategies and plans, to determine country priorities and needs. The inception report also defines the theory of transformative change that describes a process by which implementation of the identified priority actions will contribute to transformative change in Egypt’s fruits and horticulture subsector and in the agriculture and land use sectors in general.
Assessing the nexus in Egypt
The economic contribution of women to agricultural and irrigation activities and to the livelihoods, well-being and food security of families and communities is often unrecognized, invisible and mostly undervalued. Moreover, the role of women in fetching, preserving and managing productive and non-productive water often goes unrecognized and understudied. This assessment aims to shed light on the different contributions and benefits of women and men in relation to agricultural roles, responsibilities and resources, focusing mainly on productive agricultural resources, including water, to inform more efficient, equitable and gender-responsive programmes in the future in the context of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) project.
Improving broiler business and biosecurity – A win–win?
Insights from producers in Menoufia and Qualiubia governorates in Egypt
The poultry sector is changing rapidly and especially commercial small and medium-scale broiler production in and around cities has increased greatly over the past decades. This trend has public health implications as transforming livestock systems in densely populated areas can drive the emergence of infectious diseases. Sanitation, hygiene and related biosecurity practices provide the foundation upon which a sustainable transformation of the poultry sector can take place. However, the compliance with certain standards by stakeholders is not only a matter of laws and regulations but also of their incentives to comply with them. Producers, for example, are more likely to adopt biosecurity practices when they are convinced of their economic viability and positive impact on their business. This brief presents an approach from the poultry sector in Egypt that explored biosecurity related win-win solutions for both public and private stakeholders.
Aquaculture, or the farming of fish, crustaceans and molluscs is one of the fastest expanding food sectors Despite this, the sector faces biosecurity issues posed by the spread of exotic, endemic or emerging diseases, and aggravated by significant commercial exchanges of animal products, a lack of pathogen knowledge and effective aquatic animal health management, and rapid ecosystem changes If not addressed properly, these challenges will have a severe impact on yields, as well as on earnings and investment in the sector Every three to five years, a transboundary aquatic animal disease ( emerges and quickly spreads, resulting in considerable production losses However, detecting and identifying an outbreak often takes time, delaying the implementation of monitoring systems and interventions.
2022
Towards climate-smart agriculture in Egypt
Scaling up sustainable practices for enhancing agrifood system resilience and adaptive capacity
This publication examines a number of interventions and practices implemented in Egypt by small-scale farmers, private sector stakeholders, and the state, and analyses the extent to which they contribute to the three-climate smart agriculture (CSA) pillars for building a more sustainable and resilient agrifood system. Such practices were identified and documented through field visits to different agroecological areas, representing the major farming systems in Egypt.
Sugar beet farmer field schools for women
In Egypt, the sugar beet crop is planted in August and September and harvested in March and April. Most sugar beets are grown by independent farmers who contract sales directly with factories. Some sugar beets are also cultivated on leased land operated by privately owned factories. Cultivation is normally done by men in the large lands but in some areas with smaller lands, women support the household in cultivation. Farmer Field Schools (FFS) is an interactive and participatory learning by doing approach. FFS aim to improve farmers’ livelihoods and recognize their role as innovators and guardians of natural environments. This document shows the results of a sugar beet farmer field school for women in El-Minya.
Crop wild relatives of Kharga Oasis atlas
Sustainable management of Kharga Oasis agro-ecosystems project
Crop wild relative (CWR) is defined as a wild plant species that is more or less closely related to a particular crop and to which it may contribute genetic material, but that, unlike the crop species, has not been domesticated. CWR are considered enormous reservoirs of genetic variation, useful for plant-breeding initiatives and critical to meeting the challenge of global food security through enhanced agricultural production.
Crop mapping using remote sensing in Malawi site, Egypt
Crop mapping is key for estimating crop water productivity and the crop production per water consumed. It enables to characterize at a given time the spatial distribution of the main crop. The use of remote sensing applications combined with calibration with field data enable to create time relevant inventories and produce maps for the various cropping seasons to inform strategic planning, production monitoring for decision-making. The availability of accurate crop map is precious information for estimating crop yields, land and water productivity, estimating water consumption needed for water balance, calculation of actual evapotranspiration and it is a key input in water accounting calculation. It also indicates opportunities and risks for food security when looking at staples crops such as cereals.
Advancing rural advisory services to promote market orientation in Egypt
Making rural services work for small-scale farmers
Rural advisory services play a crucial role in improving smallholders’ livelihoods and reducing rural poverty by equipping farmers with the information, knowledge, and skills needed to increase their productivity and profitability, to manage risks, and to engage effectively with markets. This entails diverse services that empower farmers to make informed decisions, manage their farms as sustainable businesses, and act collectively to improve economic operations. This wide range of rural advisory services that address agricultural productivity, as well as producers’ organizational, management and marketing capacities, are recognized as market-oriented services. Such diverse services are often provided by multiple service providers from public, private, and civil society organizations who engage in the delivery of services in different forms and capacities. Recognizing and leveraging this plurality of service providers has the potential to enhance the quality of services and inclusivity of the service system, ensuring that effective services are accessible to small-scale farmers and responsive to their diverse needs.
Native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, the Fall Armyworm ( is a transboundary pest that travels great distances very quickly and feeds on a variety of crops, including maize, rice, sorghum and sugar cane The FAW was detected in West Africa for the first time in 2016 and within a few years, it had spread to almost all the countries in sub Saharan Africa Its presence was first reported in maize fields in Egypt in May 2019 Owing to the speed with which it spreads and the fact that it can feed on so many different plants, the FAW has the potential to devastate yields and damage crops in Egypt, thereby dramatically affecting food security and threatening the livelihoods of smallholder farmers This project was designed to build the capacities of a variety of stakeholders, including staff of the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation ( and smallholder farmers, to identify, monitor and control the spread of FAW in Egypt through awareness raising, training programmes the implementation of Integrated Pest Management ( strategies and the provision of equipment.
Livestock development from a business perspective
A case study of poultry producers in Egypt, Kenya and Uganda
The growing population, urbanization and increasing incomes will result in an increased demand for animal source food products. To ensure the development of a healthy and productive livestock sector, investments are needed from the public and private sectors. We assess whether poultry producers are in a position to play a role in the development of healthy poultry systems by investing in biosecurity through examples of enterprise budgets of producers from Egypt, Kenya and Uganda. In all three countries, the most important revenue item is sale of broilers (>98 percent of total revenues). The two largest cost items are the purchase of day-old chicks (DOCs) and feed, covering 75 to 92 percent of total costs. Feed is the largest cost item at bigger farms (~5 000 birds per cycle) while purchase of DOCs is the largest cost item at smaller farms (~500 birds per cycle). The observed poultry businesses are profitable, profit margins range from 7 to 56 percent, and annual profits equal 2.3 (Kenya large farm) to 3.5 (Egypt) times the GDP per capita in the countries. Investment in biosecurity can potentially increase profits, however, the impact on profit is very context specific, depending on the different features of the businesses, their exposure to disease risk and market characteristics. We illustrate an example of a small farm in Uganda where profits increased by 10.8 percent after adopting three biosecurity practices.
Policy brief
This policy brief has been developed to offer specific key recommendations and lessons learned that the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in Egypt could consider for strengthening its support to the country’s NARS. Ultimately, the recommendations are intended to ensure efficient adoption of the proposed methodologies for enhancing the impact of Egypt‘s NARS efforts on AR4D.
Analysis and guidelines - Egypt case study
This case study was conducted to provide a good understanding of the challenges and opportunities related to Egypt’s agricultural research and organizational development to draw lessons and develop supporting guidelines. This study aimed to enhance efforts exerted by Egypt’s NARS in the field of developmental research by formulating an integrated and coherent approach for research and dissemination of proven technologies and practices. Such approaches are expected to address key bottlenecks and provide the needed direction and means for sustainable improved implementation of AR4D. This can ultimately lead to enhancing and empowering the capacity of Egypt’s NARS to better inform and influence policies and facilitate institutional changes required in the agricultural sector. As part of the efforts of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to support and strengthen NARS’ research impact and their links to extension service systems, the present assessment was carried out to establish a deeper insight into challenges and opportunities that are facing NARS in Egypt.
Country Gender Assessment of the Agriculture and Rural Sector: Egypt
Brief
The purpose of the Country Gender Assessment of Agriculture and the Rural Sector (CGA-ARS) is to expand the evidence base on gender, agriculture, rural development, food security and nutrition, and inform the programming of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and national institutions. This brief is a summary of the full-fledged CGA for Egypt, published in 2021.
Business models along the poultry value chain in Egypt
Evidence from the Menoufia and Qalyubia Governorates
This policy brief has been developed to offer specific key recommendations and lessons learned that the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in Egypt could consider for strengthening its support to the country’s NARS. Ultimately, the recommendations are intended to ensure efficient adoption of the proposed methodologies for enhancing the impact of Egypt‘s NARS efforts on AR4D.The specific objectives of this study are to document the business models at the different nodes of the poultry value chain, to assess the profitability of the different segments of the poultry industry, and to preliminarily assess the current biosecurity measures adopted by the different businesses. The study covered 4 districts in 2 governorates (Menoufia & Qalyubia). The surveyed poultry businesses are profitable yet face limited growth prospects due to internal weaknesses and external challenges. The internal weaknesses are related to the maturity of the business operations and limited adoption of biosecurity practices, which often result in reduced profitability and public health threats; the external challenges are related to the volatile market conditions, which have been exacerbated by the COVID 19 pandemic.
2021
Good nutrition requires reliable access to safe soil and water for both food production and preparation as well as optimal sanitation and hygiene practices. Yet about one-third of the world’s population currently lives in water-stressed environments. Further, land degradation, water scarcity, flooding and less predictable rainfall patterns due to climate change are expected to undermine the productivity of smallholder farmers and exacerbate growing rates of malnutrition. Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2 (end hunger and all forms of malnutrition), 3 (good health and well-being), 6 (clean water and sanitation) and 15 (life on land) will therefore require interdisciplinary strategies that recognize the interconnections among these goals. FAO and IFAD aim to further these goals by implementing a three-year project, “Increasing water productivity for nutrition-sensitive agriculture and improved food security and nutrition”, in six pilot countries: Mozambique, Rwanda, Niger, Benin, Egypt and Jordan. As outlined in the project flyer, the overall objective of the project is to improve dietary quality and diversity through the agricultural production pathway by strengthening the capacity of smallholder farmers in these settings to adopt sustainable water, soil, and agronomic management practices. That is, the project aims to move beyond the traditional approach of “more nutrition per drop” to a more holistic framework of “more diverse nutrients and better economic prospects per drop”. In the proposed theory of change, implementation of these agricultural practices are anticipated to lead to greater dietary diversity and quality, improvements in health, and expanded livelihoods.
This policy brief has been developed to offer specific key recommendations and lessons learned that the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in Egypt could consider for strengthening its support to the country’s NARS. Ultimately, the recommendations are intended to ensure efficient adoption of the proposed methodologies for enhancing the impact of Egypt‘s NARS efforts on AR4D.
Country gender assessment of the agriculture and rural sector – Egypt
This country gender assessment responds to the requirements of the FAO Policy on Gender Equality 2020–2030. By providing information and analysis on the gender dimensions of the agriculture and rural sector, it aims to support the formulation and implementation of gender-responsive policies, strategies, and projects at country level, in line with national development priorities and FAO’s mandate.
Deterioration of New Lands in Egypt is to a great extent due to lack of farmers' knowledge about agricultural practices that improve water management, soil fertility, plant production, crop diversification, animal health, increasing crop yields, livestock production and post-harvest added value. Hence, this brochure briefly introduces the project on "Enhancing crop and livestock production and productivity in New Lands" by describing the project's objectives, activities, expected outputs and outcomes.
Managing diseases in animals to prevent health crisis in humans
FAO supports Egypt to fight zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance threats
FAO in partnership with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has implemented 17 projects worth a total of USD 24 million since 2007 in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MOALR). These projects have provided enormous support to the General Organization for Veterinary Services (GOVS) and the Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI) to prevent, detect and respond to HPAI outbreaks as well as enhance the capacity of the animal health system in surveillance, diagnostics, biosecurity, workforce development and institutional capacity development to address infectious zoonotic diseases such as MERS-CoV. This book sheds light on these efforts in the period from 2007 to 2020
There is broad consensus in Egypt that, despite its achievements, the Sustainable Agricultural Development Strategy ( 2030 needs to be reviewed in a number of areas As an agricultural and rural development strategy aiming to address existing and future challenges, there is a need for the SADS to go beyond a sectoral scope, as interlinkages between agriculture, water, land use, climate change, agro industry, input supply, food security and nutrition are key to determining the outcomes of the overall development process The environment, in particular water, land and climate change, is a sector closely considered within the SADS 2030 The recently developed National Water Resource Plan for Egypt provides an opportunity to endow the SADS 2030 with a well rounded vision and to assesses agricultural development needs with water management provisions In addition, it was agreed that linking agricultural and value chain development might provide a framework for developing more resilient agriculture and rural non farm sectors able to generate better jobs, reduce rural poverty and vulnerability and enhance food security At the outset of the project, specific focus was needed upon the favouring the participation of smallholders in modern value chains, ensuring a smooth exit out of the agricultural sector and employment opportunities in other sectors primarily agrifood processing and distribution for those unable to continue working in agriculture.
Food loss analysis for tomato value chains in Egypt
This report analyzes the value chain and presents a food loss assessment of tomato crop in Nubaria District and Sharqia Governorate, as part of the project “Food Loss and Waste Reduction and Value Chain Development for Food Security in Egypt and Tunisia” implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) with funding from the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. It aims to deepen understanding of the tomatoes value chain and the particular problem of food loss, in order to promote sustainable, market-based solutions that respond to the needs of small-scale holders.
Food loss analysis for grapes value chains in Egypt
This report analyzes the value chain and presents a food loss assessment for grapes in Nubaria District, as part of the project “Food Loss and Waste Reduction and Value Chain Development for Food Security in Egypt and Tunisia” implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR) with funding from the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. It aims to deepen understanding of the grapes value chain and the particular problem of food loss, in order to promote sustainable, market-based solutions that respond to the needs of small-scale holders.
Rapid water accounting for Malawi site in Al Minya, Egypt
Water accounting (WA) is the systematic study of the current status and trends in water supply, demand, accessibility and use in domains that have been specified (FAO 2012). It is one of the tools to to quantify the 'benefits' and the 'costs' of alternative policy options to address food insecurity while sustaining water resources. This flyer provides information about water accounting concept and methodology to increase the knowledge of technical experts from the Ministry of Irrigation and Ministry of Agriculture when working in the field. This publication comes under the activities of the regional project on “Implementing the 2030 Agenda for water efficiency/productivity and water sustainability in NENA countries”. However, this publication is specifically targeting technical experts working in Egypt.
Sustainable management of Kharga oasis agro-ecosystems
A rapid population growth, with its exponential urbanization and extended and intensified unsustainable agricultural sector development (with over-pumping, overgrazing, monoculture, and heavy reliance on synthetic fertilizers) have been the main drivers of land degradation processes including progressive and accelerated salinization, soil and water pollution, soil fertility depletion, and erosion of genetic plant resources. These have further led to increased wind and water erosion and sand encroachment.
Improving Productivity, Quality and Competitiveness of Horticultural Production in Fayoum
In Egypt, the smallholder horticulture sector, which represents 90 percent of the horticulture production sector, has not been able to keep up with recent technological developments in terms of on-farm water use efficiency, and the application of integrated production and protection management, as the backbone of Good Agriculture Practices (GAPs). Overall, the sector is at risk of losing its competitiveness with a consequent loss in jobs and income for a large number of rural families. In Fayoum Governorate, there were constraints regarding the availability of water per capita and for agricultural use, and the application of agricultural technology, management and inputs, post-harvest technology and facilities, as well as access to market information and linkages. The overall goal of the project was to improve the living conditions of small-scale horticulture farmers in five target villages in Fayoum, by increasing the production, quality and competitiveness of horticultural production through the development and adoption of GAPs.
Improving Water Harvesting and Livestock Rearing in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt
In the northern part of Matrouh Governorate, Egypt, yields of rain-fed agriculture are very low, owing to the erratic and variable rainfall pattern in the area. Besides the effect on crop production and productivity, the water scarcity challenges of the area and the erratic highly fluctuating rainfall affect the area’s feed supply for livestock, which, in turn, affects the production and reproductive performances of animals. Given that livelihoods in the area depend largely on the rainfall, it was crucial to increase the efficiency of runoff water for human consumption and agricultural use, for both crops and livestock. Against this background, the project aimed to increase the sustainability and productivity of rain-fed agriculture in rural areas and improve the living conditions of the local population, by promoting water harvesting and good crop-related agricultural practices in 38 communities located in four districts in Matrouh Governorate, namely Ras El Hekma, Matrouh, Negila and Barrani.
2020
The overall objective of the On farm Irrigation Development in Old Lands (OFIDO) project is to contribute to the reduction of poverty and the empowerment of poor rural households through targeted interventions aiming to improve water use efficiency at farm levels and to increase the yields, productivity and income of smallholders and the poor. In order to draw lessons from the implementation of this project and to apply them to the national programme to modernize irrigation, FAO, upon request of the Government of Egypt, conducted an independent technical assessment to provide a comprehensive overview of the performance of improved irrigation systems in three governorates within the OFIDO project’s area of intervention, located in the north, centre and south of the country.
Empowering Women and Youth to Improve Household Food and Nutrition Security in Egypt
Economic stagnation, rising poverty, and a high unemployment rate have all contributed to a lack of household food and nutrition security in Egypt. This situation has negatively impacted the nutritional outcomes of vulnerable households, and especially children, whose health status has deteriorated in recent years. This project was designed to foster the creation of a food-secure environment that would improve access to food and increase local knowledge of nutrition in some of Upper Egypt’s poorest villages. The primary beneficiaries of the project interventions were women and children. Government staff from relevant ministries also benefited from training to increase their technical and managerial skills. The overall objectives of the project were to build capacities, to improve and increase food production and income generating activities, to raise awareness of health and nutrition, and to create a monitoring and evaluation system to track the results of project interventions.
Investment Forum and Capacity Building for the Promotion of Agricultural Investment in Egypt
The agriculture sector plays an important role in Egypt’s economy However, despite progress made over the past years in terms of yield increases, availability of agricultural land and productivity, the country’s food supply remains under pressure owing to key challenges, such as land and water scarcity and deterioration of their quality, low agricultural productivity and livelihood diversification, and rapid population growth Against this background, agricultural planning and attempts to develop realistic investment strategies and polices are greatly impeded by limited data availability and reliability The project aimed to assist the Government of Egypt in addressing the above mentioned challenges and sector needs by i fostering private sector participation in Egypt’s agriculture ii) strengthening public private policy dialogue iii) improving coordination among agricultural development stakeholders and iv) providing capacity development and assistance in technical and institutional aspects.
On-farm Irrigation Development Project in the Old Lands (OFIDO)
Technical assessment – Final report
The Government of Egypt is committed to enhancing food security and developing the country’s agricultural sector through the sustainable management of its natural resources and the active improvement of its institutional capacities. The national “Poverty Reduction and Agriculture and Rural Development Strategy” well align with this objective by calling for the promotion of a more efficient and market-oriented agriculture and optimal use of land and water resources.
A key challenge for the agriculture sector in Egypt is to feed its growing population in the context of increasing demand on the finite water resources and a trade deficit. Horizontal expansion into new land in the desert has long been strategic in meeting this challenge. Major land reclamation activities have been initiated under the National Reclamation Project, with the objective of increasing agricultural land area by two percent, making agricultural land nine percent of the total area of Egypt. These activities aim to sustainably use the groundwater resources of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer and other GW systems in different parts of Egypt to irrigate an area of up to 1.5 million feddan (630 000 ha). To this end, the Government of Egypt requested FAO support to the land reclamation programme. Within the Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity, FAO would pilot a data and information management system, based on monitoring and remote sensing (RS) data to assist MWRI and MALR to monitor water consumption and water productivity in the newly reclaimed areas.
The long-term future of livestock and fishery in Egypt
Production targets in the face of uncertainty
Egypt's society and economy will grow swiftly and transform extensively in the next three decades. Along this transformative process, the demand for animal source food will exponentially increase and livestock is likely to become the most important sector of agriculture. In order In order to be prepared to take action to ensure sustainable livestock production and value chains in 2050, this report provides hints fo the feasible future scenarios for livestock in the coutry and how to be prepared to ensure sustaible livestock production. This report portrays country possibile livestock futures: it sheds light on emerging challenges and uncertain disruptive events associated with a transformed livestock sector, and identifies priority areas for action to take today for a sustainable livestock in the long-term.
Coping with Water Scarcity in Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon
Modern agriculture uses 70 percent of all freshwater withdrawals globally, and up to 95 percent in some developing countries, in order to meet current food demand. In addition, to keep up with growing food demand and shifting diets within the next 30 years, it has been estimated that the effective irrigated area will need to increase by 34 percent in developing countries, and that an extra 14 percent of water will need to be withdrawn for agricultural purposes. In arid and semi-arid regions, increasing numbers of the rural poor have begun to see that entitlement and access to water for food production, livestock and domestic purposes are as critical as access to primary health care and education, while at the same time reverting to a massive use of groundwater resources for irrigation. The current project followed two previous phases of a programme aimed at assisting the agriculture sector to cope with water scarcity and was designed to strengthen national capacities in this sector in Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon.
Reducing Food Loss and Waste and Developing Value Chains in Egypt and Tunisia
Food Loss and Waste (FLW) is a challenge for food security and a source of economic loss throughout the world. This project focused on mitigating FLW in Egypt and Tunisia, where evidence indicates that food losses occur across value chains and that food waste occurs at the consumption stage. Two value chains that could benefit from development and support in order to reduce FLW and increase livelihoods were identified in both countries. In Egypt, the project focused on the tomato and grape value chains, and in Tunisia, it focused on cereals and dairy. The overall aim of the project was to build the capacities of public and private sector actors, including young people and women, to reduce FLW in the selected value chains as a means of increasing food security and creating economic opportunities while simultaneously attempting to reduce environmental impact.
Integrated agri-aquaculture in desert and arid lands
Learning from case studies from Algeria, Egypt and Oman
The FAO Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity (WSI), initiated in 2013, identified that lack of water resources is a potential disaster scenario for the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region. The WSI initiative developed out of 31st Session of the FAO Near East and North Africa (NENA) Regional Conference held in Rome in May 2012, outcomes from the Hyogo Framework Agreement 2005 – 2015, and highlighted through work undertaken by the Arab Water Council in reports in 2004, 2012 and 2015.
Palm Dates Value Chain Development in Egypt
Egypt’s varying climatic zones make it the perfect countryfor growing different varieties of dates. Date palms cantolerate arid conditions and require a relatively smallamount of water, making them an ideal crop for this areaof the world. Dates are a crucial part of the local diet inEgypt, and date by-products, such as bars, blocks, syrupsand pastes, are processed in factories and sold for localconsumption. For these reasons, the date palm tree isexpected to maintain a dominant place in Egyptianagriculture in the future.Despite being ranked the top date producing country inthe world, Egypt’s export contribution to the internationaldate market is low.
Say NO to food waste!
A guide to reduce household food waste
Food waste is a critical issue in any household. The main objective of this guide is to support households in understanding what is needed to be done in order to reduce food waste at home. This is seen through proper storage methods for each food category, how to reuse leftovers seen through numerous recipes, the proper food portion, and understanding date labels. This guide has also included a section on how to properly care for household livestock and poultry, and two additional sections, one discussing nutrition and the healthy eating plate and another discussing food processing at home and some recipes for different products.
Assessment of the commercial chain of bivalves in Egypt
This study provides a first assessment of the bivalve fisheries value chain in Egypt. The estimated number of fishers involved in the activity, both on a part-time and full-time basis, ranged between 2 600 and 7 300. It was estimated that the total production ranges between a minimum of 3 000 tonnes and a maximum of 21 000 tonnes per year and the revenue generated was estimated to be between USD 4.3 million and USD 18.5 million. This guaranteed an average yearly remuneration per fisher that ranged between about USD 100 and USD 4 000, depending on the area and the type of activity. In total, about 75 wholesalers and 24 auctioneers/wholesalers were identified who dealt partially or mainly with bivalves. About 10 to 15 of them were highly specialized in bivalves. The study also identified that bivalves are commonly present in fish markets, with several species already well-known to consumers, and that the market conditions are ripe for the introduction of species originating from new fisheries.
e-Update January 2020 - FAO Global Internship, Volunteers and Fellows Programme
January 2020 | Issue No.8
FAO IVF e-Update is a quarterly newsletter to share the news of the Programme among diverse audience. Its purpose is to outreach pontifical partners and candidates who can contribute to FAO Strategic Objectives and UN Sustainable Development Goals. This edition features the information on the Global Presentations Day by IVF participants worldwide as well as 2019 annual statistics.
2019
Strengthening Irrigation and Use of Water Resources on Farms in Egypt
The Farm-level Irrigation Modernization Project (co-financedby the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,the French Development Agency and the Government of Egypt)aimed to increase agricultural productivity and improve accessto higher-quality water on up to 200 000 feddans (80 000 ha) inthe command areas of Mahmoudia in Beheira Governorate, andthe Manaifa and Meet Yazid main canals in Kafr-el-Sheikh Governoratein the Nile Delta. Given the lack of adequate technical staff forsupervision of the project’s work and quality control, a technical auditwas implemented to review and assess the planning, technical designand implementation of the interventions carried out under theFarm-level Irrigation Modernization Project. Its aim was to helpensure better development outcomes for the ultimate beneficiariesof the original irrigation project, but also wiser use of resourcesby project planners, designers and implementers in the fieldof agriculture water management.
Egypt and FAO
Partnering for Sustainable Food Security and Water Management Optimization
The FAO Representation to the Arab Republic of Egypt opened in 1978. Over the past years, the Organization has participated in a large range of agricultural and rural development activities targeting Egypt’s specific needs. FAO’s support includes strategy, policy and institutional development, promotion of good agricultural practices and South-South Cooperation. The Organization has also taken the lead in supporting investments agriculture.
Mainstreaming sustainable food and agriculture in Egypt
A case study
This case study provides information on Egypt's experience in mainstreaming Sustainable Food and Agriculture to achieve the SDGs. It links it to FAO's vision for sustainable food and agriculture and its 5 key principles.
Say NO to food waste!
A guide to reduce household food waste - Trainers guide
Food waste is a critical issue in any household. The main objective of this guide is to support women (rural pioneers, organizations or housewives) in understanding what is needed to be done in order to reduce food waste at home. This is seen through proper storage methods for each food category, how to reuse leftovers seen through numerous recipes, the proper food portion, and understanding date labels. This guide has also included a section on how to propely care for household livestock and poultry, and two additional sections, one discussing nutrition and the healthy eating plate and another discussing food processing at home and some recipes for different products.
Food loss analysis - Tomato value chain in Egypt
This brochure is a summary of a food loss assessment of the tomato value chain in Egypt.
Food loss analysis - Grapes value chain in Egypt
This brochure is a summary of a food loss assessment of the tomato value chain in Egypt.
This poster is part of a series of posters under the awareness raising activity for schools. It discusses where food comes from and illustrates a food value chain. It also introduces the word: resources and examples of resources used within the value chain.
This poster is part of a series of posters dedicated to students in schools on the topic of food loss and waste in the NENA region.
This poster is part of a series of posters under the awareness raising activity for schools. It discusses two main topics under nutririon: the five main food groups, and the components of a healthy eating plate.
Food loss and waste and value chains
Teaching Guide
Food Loss and Waste and Food Value Chains - Teaching Guide is a guide designed for teachers in secondary schools with the objective of raising awareness to students on the topics of food value chains, food loss and waste, and nutrition. This is one of two books, the other is dedicated to students which consists a simplified version of this guide. This guide helps the teachers in delivering the three topics using interesting facts, fun discussions and a variety of activities.
Food loss and waste and value chains
Learning guide
Food Loss and Waste and Food Value Chains - Learning Guide is a guide designed for students (aged 12-15) in secondary schools with the objective of raising awareness on the topics of food value chains, food loss and waste, and nutrition. This is one of two books, the other is dedicated to teachers. This guide helps the students in linking the three topics learned with the activities and content in the guide.
Sun-dried tomato processing in Nubaria
Based on recommendations from a market assessment and food loss study in 2017 for the tomato value chain in Egypt, sun-dried tomato (SDT) processing was identified as a simple, low-cost and effective method to reduce loss and waste in tomatoes by transforming them into a longer shelf-life product, creating value addition, supporting agribusiness through primary processing in the rural area, and exploring different marketing channels for tomato growers.
The Date Palm is one of earliest crops planted in the ancient world. It is the main source of livelihood for Egyptian farmers and their families. Besides being a source of food and animal fodder and used in trading, it is also utilised in housing construction, furniture manufacturing, home accessories and other personal needs. Date Palms are considered a national wealth, given their economic, social and nutritional and health benefits. Therefore, they must be maintained, conserved and developed since their cultivation contributes to the national domestic income by more than three billion pounds a year.
Food loss and waste represents a waste of resources used to produce and distribute food, such as land, water, energy and plants. It also has a serious footprint on the natural resources available in Egypt. Food loss and waste is present in Egypt in all the value chains. In the fact sheet, we will be speaking more on food loss and waste in general and specificially in Egypt through specific value chain projects.
FAO Investment Centre. Country Highlights. Egypt: Review of the agrifood cooperative sector
Report No. 36 – May 2019
The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of how cooperatives can contribute to the development of the agricultural sector and rural areas in Egypt and outline enabling policy changes and areas of investment. The primary audience is policy decision-makers, development partners and potential institutional investors in the agricultural sector in Egypt.
Enhancing the Agricultural Cooperatives System in Egypt
Agriculture cooperatives (ACs) in Egypt were established at the beginning of the 20th century as “agricultural cooperative syndicates”. Farmers were brought together to facilitate access to agricultural inputs, improve production and contribute to rural development. However, ACs have faced a series of constraints, as well as knowledge gaps, in all cooperative units, resulting in a decline in their reputation and performance. In this context, the Government of Egypt (GoE) amended the law governing ACs (Law 204/2014) which, for the first time, allowed ACs to create shareholding companies and carry out profit-seeking projects.
The State of Egypt’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture
The Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture prepared guidelines to assist countries in the preparation of their reports. National Focal Points nominated by the relevant national authorities coordinated the preparation of the reports in their respective countries. The assignment of countries to regions for the purposes of The State of the World’s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture followed the regional groupings used in FAO statistics and for election purposes.
2018
Support sustainable water management and irrigation modernization for newly reclaimed areas
This flyer introduces the project on "Support sustainable water management and irrigation modernization for newly reclaimed areas", its purpose and activities. It will be distributed in workshops, meetings, conferences, etc. Hence, the general public including media would be able to know about the project and will become interested in its activities.
The purpose of this brochure is to briefly introduce the Project and inform stakeholders and related entities about the Project's work and its expected outputs. It also aims at raising awareness on what FAO is doing with EU's support to enhance small-scale farmers. This brochure introduces the Project's work and its expected outputs. It highlights the rationale for implementing the Project, its objectives, tareget groups, and main activities. The brochure raises awareness on what FAO is doing with EU's support to enhance small-scale farmers in Fayoum as one of the poorest governorates in Egypt.
The purpose of this brochure is to introduce the Project’s work and its expected outputs. The brochure raises awareness on what FAO is doing with EU’s support to improve the livelihood of the rural poor and enhance the development of rain-fed areas in Marsa Matrouh being one of the important border governorates in Egypt. This brochure introduces the Project’s work and its expected outputs. It highlights the rationale for implementing the Project, its objectives, target groups, and main activities. The brochure raises awareness on what FAO is doing with EU’s support to improve the livelihood of the rural poor and enhance the development of rain-fed areas in Marsa Matrouh as one of the important border governorates in Egypt.
Food Losses and Waste Reduction and Value Chain Development for Food Security in Egypt and Tunisia
Food loss and waste (FLW) along food value chains in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) are estimated to reach 250kg per person and cost over 60 billion USD annually. The social, economic, and environmental impacts are serious for a region that relies heavily on global food imports, has limited potential to increase food production, and faces scarcity of water and arable land. Substantial amounts of FLW occur at all stages of the food supply chain, but roughly two-third occurs during production, handling, processing, and distribution of food, whereas one-third occurs at the consumer-level.The project “Food losses and waste reduction and value chain development in Egypt and Tunisia” funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation aims at reducing FLW throughout selected food value chains, focusing primarily on the post-harvest, trading, and processing stages of the chains.
FAO - Egypt Country Programming Framework 2018-2022
The flyer about FAO's Country Programming Framework in Egypt aims at giving a summarized brief about the priority programming areas for Egypt that FAO will focus on during the period from 2018-2022; the amount of funds required to implement these programmes; and the expected outputs of each programme area.
Global goals, localized action. Celebrating 40 years in Egypt
On the occasion of FAO Egypt's 40th Anniversary, this booklet is produced to highlight FAO's achievements and support to the Egyptian Government over the past 40 years. It will give a glimpse on how FAO started its work in Egypt and will also highlight the main projects that made a difference as well as shed light on the future country programming framework.
Improving household food and nutrition security in Egypt
Improving Household Food and Nutrition Security in Egypt by targeting women and youth is a project that aims at assisting the Government of Egypt in establishing a food-secure environment in which women and youth have access to sufficient and diversified food of both animal and vegetable sources and have the necessary knowledge and skills in the use of food to consume nutritionally adequate diets. The project succeeded in achieving results against its objectives. The factsheet aims at showcasing these results in figures.
Evaluation of FAO’s Contribution to the Arab Republic of Egypt 2012-2017
Country programme evaluation series - Final Report
Egypt experienced instable political situation during the past years. As a result, its food security was heavily affected. FAO’s programme focused on sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition. Enhancing food security also requires addressing socio-economic aspects, particularly the role of women.
Evaluation of FAO’s Contribution to the Arab Republic of Egypt 2012-2017
Country programme evaluation series - Annexes
Egypt experienced instable political situation during the past years. As a result, its food security was heavily affected. FAO’s programme focused on sustainable agricultural development for food security and nutrition. Enhancing food security also requires addressing socio-economic aspects, particularly the role of women.
Food loss and waste reduction and value chain development for food security in Egypt and Tunisia
Egypt component
The brochures helps in promoting awareness about food loss and waste reduction. It explains the concept of the food loss and waste reduction and value chain development for food security in Egypt and Tunisia with a focus on the Egypt component of the project. It also explains the loss and waste along the value chain stages, the objectives, main activities and stakeholders of the project.
Africa Sustainable Livestock (ASL) 2050. The monetary impact of zoonotic diseases on society – Egypt
Evidence from two zoonoses
This brief presents the results of the ASL2050 expert elicitation protocol on zoonotic diseases, as validated by stakeholders in Egypt. It was the first time an expert elicitation protocol on zoonotic diseases was implemented in Egypt and it is attaching monetary values to some variables. Stakeholders have used a One Health approach to experiment with a new methodology to look at zoonotic diseases to provide decision-makers with information on how to best allocate admittedly scarce public resources.
Africa Sustainable Livestock (ASL) 2050 Zoonotic diseases spotlight– Egypt
The case for an expert elicitation protocol on zoonoses
This brief provides a snapshot of the information system on zoonotic diseases and AMR in Egypt. It then makes the case for implementing an expert elicitation protocol to assemble data on the impact of zoonoses and AMR on society.
ASL2050 Livestock production systems spotlight – Egypt
Cattle and buffaloes, and poultry sectors
This brief presents a snapshot of bovine (dairy, beef) and poultry meat production systems in Egypt as agreed by key national stakeholders affected by the livestock sector, and notably the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, the Ministry of Environment, and the Ministry of Health.
Mechanized Raised-Bed Irrigation - Production Package
Water Scarcity Initiative (WSI)
Gaps in crop water-productivity and yield of small irrigated fields are estimated to be around 40 percent. To realize higher productivity gains, a package of interventions is required, not just a single one. The synergic combination of advances in affordable technology and optimal management of production factors has proven successful in increasing crop yields and associated farmers’ incomes. Moreover, applied irrigation water amounts are reduced.
Solar powered water lifting for Irrigation in the Nile Delta
Water Scarcity Initiative (WSI)
In the Nile Delta, Egypt, irrigation canals are frequently located below ground level, necessitating the use of pumps to lift water to the fields. This pumping is dependent on the use of fossil fuels, directly with diesel and indirectly with electricity. Recently, the agricultural sector is facing an energy crisis, as increasing electricity demand from urban areas results in frequent shortages and blackouts.
2017
This report looks at the different sustainable bioenergy options from agricultural residues in Egypt, Turkey and Ukraine. The work is part of the EBRD's Green Economy Transition (GET) Approach and builds on FAO's Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) approach. The document presents a summary of the BEFS assessments carried out in Egypt and Turkey and a summary of a review carried out in Ukraine.
This document provides a departing point and a brief summary of the livestock weight, impacts and related-policies for possible livestock evolution by 2050.
ECTAD – Egypt supporting on controlling animal disease
The publication focuses on ECTAD project achievements, highlights challenges and lessons learned during the past two years in Egypt. It includes a brief about ECTAD, its mission, and partners, in addition to four pictures explaining the field activities of the project.
FAO Achievements in Egypt 1978 – 2016
The booklet will include information about all projects that FAO Egypt implemented for Egypt or as part of a regional initiative. It will cover projects implemented in Egypt since 1978 till date. It will also include on-going projects as well as projects that just started. The main sections of the booklet will cover an anlaytical summary on the results-based achievements, narrative on activities/achievements/impacts, overview of on-going and starter projects, and a select of success stories.
Study on small-scale agriculture in the Near East and North Africa region (NENA)
Focus Country: Egypt
The study relies on national data and accessible documents; academic and non-academic literature, including development projects documents. The study involved also interviews with key stakeholders to identify and analyze their experience about the current and past state of affairs on public policies in support of small-scale agriculture (SSA). The final report drew conclusions and recommendation for future plans for sustainable development of SSA in Egypt.
BEFS Assessment for Egypt
Sustainable Bioenergy Options from Crop and Livestock Residues
This report was developed under the FAO EBRD project on bioenergy with the aim is to support decision-making related to bioenergy investment in countries of operations of the EBRD. Egypt, a country of operation, has a large agriculture sector, the requirement to produce 20 percent of its electricity from renewable energy, diversify its energy mix, and reduce fossil fuel subsidies.
Agricultural policies, trade and sustainable development in Egypt
This study analyses Egypt’s agricultural sector and its performance over time, identifies constraints to increasing production and exports, and examines the key role of trade in inclusive agriculture development. After a review of current trends in the agricultural sector and trade policies, the study elaborates on the main pillars of Egypt’s current agricultural development strategy and the factors inhibiting growth of agricultural production and trade.
This infographic is an output of a project to enhance the role of women in improving the level of household nutrition. The project components are: a Community Nutrition Kitchen, Home Food Processing, Women-Friendly and Landless Gardens, Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools, and Entrepreneurship and a Revolving Fund.
2016
Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Proposal for Declaration as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)
Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)
This document proposes to recognize and designate Siwa oasis in the northwestern Desert of Egypt as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Site (GIAHS) under the respective FAO program. Siwa is a globally significant in situ repository of plant genetic resources, especially of uniquely adapted varieties of date palm, olive and secondary crops that are highly esteemed for their quality and continue to play a significant role in rural livelihoods, both for nutrition and income. Situated in a remote region of the Sahara, and surrounded by breathtaking desert landscapes, Siwa oasis is distinguished by a range of archaeological treasures that testify to the long history of the oasis at the crossroads of ancient trade routes, going back to Pharaonic and Ptolemaic epochs.
FAO AQUASTAT Report - Country profile: Egypt
This country profile describes the state of the water resources and water use, as well as the state of agricultural water management in Egypt. The aim of this report is to describe the particularities of the country and the problems met in the development of the water resources, and irrigation in particular. Irrigation trends, existing policies and legislation to water use in agriculture, possible treaties and agreements between countries as well as prospects for water management in agriculture are presented, as described in literature.
This recipe is one of many contributed to FAO for the 2016 International Year of Pulses (IYP). These pulses-based recipes from around the world are meant to highlight versatility of the crops and inspire home cooks to incorporate more pulses into their diets. The entire IYP recipe collection can be viewed here: http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/recipes/
This recipe is one of many contributed to FAO for the 2016 International Year of Pulses (IYP). These pulses-based recipes from around the world are meant to highlight versatility of the crops and inspire home cooks to incorporate more pulses into their diets. The entire IYP recipe collection can be viewed here: http://www.fao.org/pulses-2016/recipes/
Evaluation of FAO’s Contribution in the Arab Republic of Egypt
November 2016
The Arab Republic of Egypt became a Member Country of FAO in 1945 and FAO opened a representation office in the country in 1978. During the past decades, the country has benefited from FAO’s technical assistance to agricultural development through identification, preparation and appraisal of investment projects, financed from both regular and field programmes funding and which covered food security, rural and agricultural development, policy advice, strategy planning and capacity development. FAO activities in Egypt have generally been demand-driven, attempting to respond to the continuously shifting national priorities.
2015
Food security in the region is a serious challenge. Not only will countries need to produce more food to feed a larger population, but they will also need to accommodate the growing demand for more varied qualities of food items. While progress has already been achieved, the current structure of the agrifood sector still largely reflects self-sufficiency concerns.
FAO Investment Centre. Country Highlights. Egypt: Wheat Sector Review
Report No. 23 – September 2015
Egypt – the most populous country in the Arab World – is also by far the largest importer of wheat globally. For centuries, wheat has been a central component of the typical diet of the country’s inhabitants. Per capita consumption of this cereal is amongst the highest in the world. The domestic wheat industry provides an important contribution to employment and value added in the agrifood sector. At the same time, assuring access to this important staple food by all Egyptian citizens, a quarter of whom live under the poverty line, has also been a central aspect of the country’s social policies. The strategic importance of the wheat sector has resulted in a strong involvement of the State at all levels of the wheat value chain.
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report: Egypt
FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world´s forests and their management and uses through the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA). This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 .
2014
Egyptian Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum)
King of Forage Crops
The publication is in nine chapters. After an Introduction there are chapters on: The Crop and its Growth; Agronomy; Crop Improvement; Seed Production; Chemical Composition and New Vistas in Berseem Research. These are followed by a series of country papers from Afghanistan, Egypt, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan and Turkey. These describe the state of cultivation and research on the crop in each country. Notwithstanding the great flourishing of academic research, notably in Egypt, the impact of its results are not very obvious on the farms of smallholders.
Food Security and Livelihoods Assessment of Fisher and Agro-pastoralist households in Upper Egypt
This work is the result of a collaborative effort and fieldwork in Upper Egypt, with the goal of highlighting the challenges faced by communities and livelihoods that are often overlooked in mainstream development projects. This field study draws attention to the context and challenges that are unique to fishers and agro-pastoralists living in governorates in Upper Egypt; an extremely vibrant and culturally rich area, while at the same time experiencing some of the highest levels of poverty in the country. The people living in the governorates in Upper Egypt are known as being particularly poor, with the majority of people relying on food production and marketing systems as a predominant source of livelihood.
A Study to Investigate the Potential Exploitation of the Venus Clam Chamelea Gallina in Egypt
EastMed Technical Documents - No 20
In Egypt due to the Nile delta and the presence of large shallow waters (0-20 m), with areas composed of sand and mud, there could be a great potential for the exploitation of a variety of clams. Given the big gap in knowledge on clams in Egypt the FAO EastMed project has started a study to support Egypt in exploring the possibility to determine if the clam resources exists, and then assist Egypt in developing a potential fishery. The study was conducted between Rasheed and Burullus, where there is a large extend of 60 km of shallow water sandy bottoms.
Socio-Economic Analysis of Egyptian Fisheries: Options for Improvement
EastMed Technical Documents - No 19
This study was implemented after the EastMed 2nd co-ordination meeting on the 5-6th April, Antalya, Turkey (EastMed 2012), where the participants agreed to have a preliminary assessment of the socio-economic situation of the Egyptian fisheries sector. In order to undertake such an assessment several information was gathered, from literature, from several fishers and other stakeholders, and a sampling survey in order to investigate the main socio-economic characteristics of the motorized fishing vessels by type of fishery. In general the study found that the value of capture fisheries produced by the motorized fleet in the Mediterranean was $182 million generating a net profit of $42.5 million.
2013
Mapping influenza A(H5N1) virus transmission pathways and critical control points in Egypt
This report summarizes the results of a study undertaken in 2010 and 2011 to assess and map Influenza A (H5N1) virus transmission pathways in the poultry sector and critical control points along the poultry value chains in Egypt. In order to focus specifically on the factors that either increase the risk of spread of H5N1 HPAI disease or are critical in disease risk management, a risk pathways diagram is sketched to describe the pathways (transmission routes, carriers and mechanisms) for transmitting virus from an infected node throughout the poultry value chain to disease-free premises.
The executive summary should contain information on: key trends and driving forces affecting animal genetic resources management in your country; strengths, weaknesses and gaps in capacity to manage animal genetic resources in your country; key constraints and challenges with respect to animal genetic resources management in your country; priorities and strategic directions for future action (focusing particularly on the next ten years).
Egypt: Country Programming Framework (CPF) Government of Egypt 2012-2017
In full collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in Egypt, Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) prepared the Country Programme Framework 2012–17 outlining how the organisation can best complement efforts of the Government of Egypt to meet its development priorities relating to agriculture, livestock, fisheries, natural resources and rural development objectives, including food and nutrition security and generating job opportunities in rural areas during 2012-2017. The objective of this framework is to improve the coherence and effectiveness of the interventions of FAO in Egypt under the umbrella of the United Nations System; and to position FAO as a strategic partner for national agricultural and rural development.
2012
Rapid Assessment Mission Report on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Management in Egypt
The rapid assessment team spent two and half days in Cairo and one day in Gharbia Governorate investigating suspected FMD cases. Extensive discussions were also held with Egyptian veterinarians in GOVS and AHRI. Towards the end of the mission, a set of preliminary recommendations was drawn up, based up on consultative processes involving Egyptian colleagues and FAO staff in Cairo.
Sampling protocol for the pilot collection of catch, effort and biological data in Egypt
EastMed Technical Documents - No 12
This protocol is the result of two training courses which were conducted in Egypt in November 2010 in Port Said and in June 2012 in Alexandria. A pilot survey first on Catch and Effort data which was then followed by biological sampling has been started in Egypt with the Support of the EastMed project. The aim of the protocol is to assist the data collectors both in the field and in the laboratories to conduct sampling during the pilot phase.
The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources - Country Report: Egypt
This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010).
2011
FAO Achievements in Egypt - Old Version
FAO country Representation office was opened in 1978. During the past years FAO has cooperated and participated in most agricultural and rural development activities which reflect the needs of the country. FAO provided technical assistance from both regular and field programmes which covered policy advice, strategy planning and capacity building.
As part of the Strengthening Avian Influenza Detection and Response (SAIDR) project in Egypt which was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), a number of training courses in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) participatory disease surveillance (PDS) later elaborated to be Community based Animal Health Outreach (CAHO) have been conducted for 108 veterinarians (making 54 teams) in 15 governorates. The purpose of this manual is to provide a reference for veterinarians during and after CAHO training. The main focus of the manual is on HPAI but the methods can be easily adapted and applied to address other livestock diseases.
2010
Food and Agriculture Policy Review: Egypt
Near East and North Africa Regional Network for Agricultural Policies (NENARNAP)
This report largely owes to the FAPDA exercise of FAO which collects food and agriculture policy measures, and categorizes them for easier analysis of such policies. Not all the recommended actions for improving the state of the Agricultural sector and Food Security in Egypt had been found in the policies collected for the FAPDA exercise. This does not necessarily mean such policies being decreed by the Government are lacking. Rather it is most likely due to the limited access to the available measures.
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 - Country Report: Egypt
The Arab Republic of Egypt covers some 1,002,000 sq.km between latitudes 22°N and 32°N. The desert area covers 96% of the total land area of the country. The maintenance and enhancement of the productivity of existing agricultural land and the increase in the area of land available for cultivation through desert reclamation are important development priorities for Egypt. The whole country is classified within arid zone with rainfall ranging from almost 200mm rain fall along the Mediterranean coast to virtually zero in the south of the country.
2009
Technical Manual ‘Agro-Industrial Use of Rice Straw’
This document was developed under the FAO-funded Technical Cooperation Project TCP/EGY/3102 ‘Rice Straw Management and Conservation of Environment’, implemented in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt.
Avian influenza vaccination in Egypt: Limitations of the current strategy
Vaccination of domestic poultry against avian influenza (AI) has been used on a large-scale in South East Asia since 2003 and in Egypt since 2006 to fight H5N1 highly-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemics. The decision to use mass vaccination against HPAI in Egypt was taken as an emergency measure based on positive impact of such control measures in Vietnam and the People’s Republic of China. However, three years on, the impact on disease control of AI vaccination in Egypt has been very limited.
Mapping traditional poultry hatcheries in Egypt
AHBL - Promoting strategies for prevention and control of HPAI
Reports of the project GCP/INT/010/GER summarize the findings from an integrated approach to prevent and control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the smallholder environment of Cambodia, Egypt and Uganda by considering the components of animal health (AH), poultry breeds (B) and livelihoods (L).
Characterization of domestic chicken and duck production systems in Egypt
AHBL - Promoting strategies for prevention and control of HPAI
Reports of the project GCP/INT/010/GER summarize the findings from an integrated approach to prevent and control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the smallholder environment of Cambodia, Egypt and Uganda by considering the components of animal health (AH), poultry breeds (B) and livelihoods (L).
Study on the presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus and Newcastle disease virus in live bird markets in Tanta District, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
AHBL - Promoting strategies for prevention and control of HPAI
Reports of the project GCP/INT/010/GER summarize the findings from an integrated approach to prevent and control Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in the smallholder environment of Cambodia, Egypt and Uganda by considering the components of animal health (AH), poultry breeds (B) and livelihoods (L).
Highly pathogenic avian influenza: a rapid assessment of its socio-economic impact on vulnerable households in Egypt
AHBL - Promoting strategies for prevention and control of HPAI
This report is the result of the efforts of many people. We would like to thank for their time, kindness and patience: all the key informants, women poultry keepers and other people who participated in interviews and focus groups discussion in the 16 villages studied; the Egyptian Demographer Association.
2009
Improving local citrus varieties to meet consumer taste
On-farm conservation and in vitro preservation of citrus local varieties and sustainable utilization in Egypt
Egypt, the center of origin of many citrus varieties, is one of the world’s largest producers of oranges, and citrus is its number one export crop. Yet, in spite of its importance, there has been a major loss of diversity in the area’s citrus orchards.
2007
Egypt’s Experience in Irrigation and Drainage Research Uptake
Final Report
The International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) is an international multi-donor programme, co-managed by partner organizations, created in 1990 at the request of the International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage (ICID). Its Secretariat, first located at the World Bank, was transferred to FAO in 1998, where it is being hosted, in the Land and Water Division (NRL) as a Special Programme. IPTRID aims at improving the uptake of research, exchange of technology and management innovations by means of capacity development in the irrigation and drainage systems and sectors of developing countries to reduce poverty, enhance food security and improve livelihoods, while conserving the environment. IPTRID acts as a facilitator mobilizing the expertise of a worldwide network of leading institutions in the field of irrigation, drainage and water resources management.
An Assessment of the Impact of Wheat Market Liberalization in Egypt: A Multi-Market Model Approach
ESA Working Paper No. 07-15
Wheat is central to the government of Egypt’s food security policy which is influenced by a concern for overdependence on imports and the need to provide subsidized bread for the poor. This paper uses a multi-market approach to assess the impact of complete wheat market liberalization, an international wheat price increase, the value of strategic stocks and the impact of investment to generate higher yields and lower transaction costs for wheat producers. Results show that wheat market liberalization implies very substantial costs for consumers and producers.
Second Report on the State of Plant Genetic Resources in the Arab Republic of Egypt
The Report is being made available by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as requested by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO.
Case Study of the Egyptian Poultry Sector
Proceedings Poultry in the 21st Century Avian Influenza and Beyond, International Poultry Conference Bangkok, November 2007
The poultry industry is one of the main agricultural industries in Egypt, where investment in this industry is about LE18 billion. The size of the labour force is about 1.5 million permanent workers and about 1 million temporary workers. The industry contributes a large part of the country’s supply of animal protein (white meats and eggs). During the last decade of the twentieth century and the early years of the twenty-first century, local poultry meat production was sufficient to cover local consumption.
2006
Poultry sector country review - Egypt
This review is intended as a resource document for those seeking information on the poultry sector at national level. It is not exhaustive. Some topics are only partially covered or not covered at all and the document will be supplemented and updated on an ongoing basis. Contributions and feedback are welcome by the author(s), FAO/AGAP and FAO/ECTAD Socio- Economics, Production & Biodiversity Unit.
An assessment of the impact of increasing wheat self-sufficiency and promoting cash-transfer subsidies for consumers in Egypt: A multi-market model
ESA Working Paper No. 06-03
Wheat is central to the government of Egypt’s food security policy which is based on increasing self-sufficiency in wheat on the one hand and subsidizing bread for consumers on the other hand. This paper uses a multi-market approach to assess the impact of increased self-sufficiency in wheat and a switch to a cash-transfer subsidy on cropping patterns, food consumption, production, input use, and income. The findings show that raising self-sufficiency in wheat would reduce reliance on imports but would also adversely affect other sectors, in particular livestock. At full self-sufficiency in wheat, berseem the main animal feed would nearly vanish, with negative repercussions for livestock production.
2005
Fertilizer use by crop in Egypt
Agricultural land accounts for only 3.5 percent of the land area of Egypt. Two thirds of the agricultural land is alluvial soil, fertilized for thousands of years by the Nile floods, and one third is land recovered since the 1950s. Rainfall is minimal and almost all the agricultural land is irrigated. Soil salinity and water logging are important problems in the reclaimed areas. Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are common on the recovered area and fertigation is used on 13 percent of the land.
Measuring Technical Efficiency of Wheat Farmers in Egypt
ESA Working Paper No. 05-06
Liberalization of Egyptian agricultural policy and new wheat technology has led to significant increases in area allocated to wheat as well as wheat yields. The wheat self-sufficiency ratio increased from 21 percent in 1986 to about 59 percent over the 2001-03 period. However, the country still imports 4-5 million tonnes of wheat per year. This paper addresses the issue of what kind of output gains can be achieved from improving technical efficiency, i.e. how much more output can be produced with the given levels of inputs and current technology.
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 - Country Report: Egypt
The reporting framework for FRA 2005 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes more than 40 variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources.
Supporting capacity development for sustainable agricultural water management The International Programme for Technology and Research in Irrigation and Drainage (IPTRID) is a multi-donor trust fund managed by the IPTRID Secretariat as a Special Programme of FAO. The Secretariat is located in the Land and Water Development division of FAO and draws on a worldwide network of leading centres of excellence in the field of irrigation, drainage and water resources management.
Improving Range–Livestock Productivity in the North–Western Desert of Egypt - Bankable Investment Project Profile
Support to NEPAD-CAADP Implementation - TCP/EGY/2905 (I)
Integrated Water Management for Community Settlement in Farafra Oasis - Bankable Investment Project Profile
Support to NEPAD-CAADP Implementation - TCP/EGY/2905 (I)
Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Egyptian Horticultural Crops - Bankable Investment Project Profile
Support to NEPAD-CAADP Implementation - TCP/EGY/2905 (I)
Saad Armant Irrigation Improvement Project for 4,300 Feddans - Bankable Investment Project Profile
Support to NEPAD-CAADP Implementation - TCP/EGY/2905 (I)
2004
Community-Based Mangrove Rehabilitation and Ecotourism Development and Management in the Red Sea Coast, Egypt
Rehabilitation, Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Mangroves in Egypt
Mangroves produce a number of very valuable ecological benefits. However, these benefits are largely intangible and do not provide income or revenue for the managers of the mangroves or for other stakeholders living in and around them. Therefore, they are often considered as “wasteland” rather than as highly prized ecosystems. In order to capture the interest and understanding of all stakeholders in and around mangroves, it is important to try to convert some of this intangible ecological value into a monetary value. One way in which this can be done is through the development of ecotourism in the mangroves.
Socio-Economic Assessment and Economic Valuation of Egypt’s Mangroves
Rehabilitation, Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Mangroves in Egypt
This report assesses the socio-economic roles and economic values associated with Egypt’s mangroves. Due to the nature of the study, it has only been possible to undertake a “rapid appraisal” of the socio-economic roles and economic value of Egypt’s mangroves. As such, the socio-economic assessment is only a partial appraisal of key aspects. Furthermore, the economic values determined are not highly accurate; rather they provide an indication of the relative order of possible value. Further studies will be required to validate and enhance the accuracy, robustness and completeness of the socio-economic issues and economic values.
2003
FAO - Nutrition country profiles: Egypt
Egypt is the largest Arab country by population and possesses the second largest economy in the Arab world. Egypt is an independent republic with a democratic government. The annual average population growth rate was 1.9% for the 1995-2000 period. The last three decades showed slow paced urbanization in comparison to the expected fast pace for the following three decades. Thus, dietary energy supplies will have to increase in the following years.
2000
Forestry Outlook Studies in Africa - Country Report: Egypt
FOSA Working Paper No. 24
A summary of the organisation and initiatives of the forestry organisation in Egypt. Developments in other sectors that influence forestry are also covered.
1999
Egypt Agricultural Census 1999/2000
This country report presents the concise structural statistical data on the agricultural holdings such as size of holding, land tenure, land use, crop area, irrigation, livestock numbers, labour and other agricultural inputs for the country.
1996
Egypt: Country Report to the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources
The Report is being made available by FAO as requested by the International Technical Conference. However, the report is solely the responsibility of the national authorities. The information in this report has not been verified by FAO, and the opinions expressed do not necessarily represent the views or policy of FAO.
1990
Egypt Agricultural Census 1990 – Main Results
Report to the 1990 Round of the World Programme for the Census of Agriculture
This country report presents the concise structural statistical data on the agricultural holdings such as size of holding, land tenure, land use, crop area, irrigation, livestock numbers, labour and other agricultural inputs for the country.