In the dry areas of the Caribbean region of Colombia, the forage production is affected in terms of quantity and quality by drought conditions presented during prolonged periods of the year. The dry season causes losses in the feeding and productivity of livestock systems. Many species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are predominant in the rhizosphere associated with different plants in the region, which can benefit the growth and development of these species under water stress conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the development of Panicum maximum Jacq. under drought conditions.