This report was prepared as background information for the FAO/ISEAL expert meeting on Climate Standards for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing held in Rome on 11 November 2009. The report aims to scope the possibility for a modular climate assurance system that can be applied in the agriculture, forestry and fishery sectors. FAO/ISEAL are interested in understanding ways in which it might be possible to monitor and verify the collective contribution to global emission reductions achievable through the application of climate assurance systems in these sectors, sectors which are still poorly integrated in the implementation strategies supporting global emission reduction efforts.