Smallholder and family farming has come to dominate agriculture in the lower and middle-income countries of Europe and Central Asia as a result of the land reforms implemented in the 1990s. Food security in the region is under threat as many of the small farm units are presently not economically viable. A substantial share of the rural population is vulnerable and subject to poverty because of the poor performance of smallholder farming. The Regional Initiative is focused on enabling smallholder farmers to achieve higher levels of productivity and income through sustainable intensification of production, better organization, access to adequate services and integration into agrifood value chains.