The present work takes guidance from the FAO  flagship publication, “The State of Food and Agriculture (SOFA) 2010-2011: Women in agriculture – Closing the gender gap for development” (FAO, 2011a). The SOFA report argues that, “despite the diversity in the roles and status of women in agriculture, the evidence and analysis…con­firm that women face a surprisingly consistent gender gap in access to productive assets, inputs and services” and that closing this gender gap could result in signi­ficant gains “in terms of agricultural yields, agricultural production, food security and broader aspects of economic and social welfare” (FAO, 2011a: 4). The report presents empirical evidence from many countries to support these two arguments, while noting that the potential gains that should occur by closing the gender gap on input use “would vary by region depending on how many women are currently engaged in  agriculture, how much production or land they control, and how wide a gender gap they face”. With the exception of a few references to Tajikistan, no other countries from Central Asia, and none from Eastern Europe, were included in the SOFA report. The present document attempts to look at the general issues raised in the SOFA report regarding women in agriculture from the perspective of a number of countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA). The central point of this work is to assess whether or not the gender gap in the agricultural sector is applicable to the countries covered by the FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (REU), by making reference to the same or similar kinds of data to those presented in the SOFA report for the other regions. These data focus on rural populations and households, education, agricultural labour force, ­ fisheries and aquaculture, livestock, and access to productive resources (e.g. land, fertilizers, machinery and credit). The data are primarily presented on women’s lives, yet always relative to men.