Historically, before the introduction of high-yielding rice varieties (HYV), the traditional rice varieties (TRV) were predominant in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (MDV). The TRV-based farming system is environment-friendly and has been existing for hundreds of years—now, it has been proven to be sustainable under increasing climate change conditions. It is well adapted to extreme weather conditions, drought, alum, saline, and nutrient-poor soils.