The Country Gender Assessment (CGA) highlights key gender inequalities in Uzbekistan’s agrifood systems. Despite strong national commitments to gender equality, gaps in sex-disaggregated and agriculture-specific data continue to limit recognition of women’s contributions. Rural women face restricted access to services, infrastructure and decent work, alongside heavy unpaid care responsibilities that drive time poverty. Young rural women are particularly disadvantaged, with high rates of those not in employment, education or training and low participation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields. Although women are active across agriculture, their work is often informal or unpaid, with limited land ownership and access to water, incentives and advisory services. The CGA provides evidence and guidance for addressing these structural barriers and advancing gender equality in rural Uzbekistan.