Women’s contribution to agriculture tends to be undervalued and, therefore, uncounted. Estimates suggest that, on average, 45% of women in lower middle-income countries are part of the agicultural labour force, compared to 37% for men. Across the African continent, the estametes of the female shares of agriculture vary enormously, from 56% in Uganda to 24% in Niger. But one thing is clear: young women face particular challenges in terms of agricultural participation and productivity because of their gender and age. Women can rarely afford access to extension service agents (individuals who provide technical advice and information on agriculture), are often excluded from decision-making in their own households and are less likely to inherit land than their male counterparts, as shown by previous ODI research.